Risques psychosociaux au travail : le rôle modérateur des stratégies de coping

It is now a fact that health and well being at work are enhanced by organizational characteristics (Dupret, Bocéréan, Teherani, & Feltrin, 2012) and individual characteristics such as coping strategies used in a stressful situation (Truchot & Fisher, 2002). The purpose of this research is to study the interaction between organizational characteristics and coping strategies in the emergence of psychosocial risks factors. This study was conducted with 427 employees, as part of a psychosocial risk assessment. The analysis (Sobel tests and LISREL modelization) show the moderating influence between coping strategies and the organizational variables on occupational health and life quality.     

Les effets des activités auto-descriptives sur la clarté du concept de soi : le rôle modérateur des variables sociodémographiques

This research questions the possibility of inducing the development of self-concept clarity (SCC), through a self-describing activity. A test-retest device comprises three groups: neutral (no intermediate activity), control (logical-cognitive activity), experimental (self-describing activity). The results indicate that the self-describing activity generates the largest effect, but become significantly stronger when individuals start with a low CCS, which is often the when belonging to less values socio-demographic categories. We reinterpet these process in terms of “remediation” et we explore possibilities to measure and develop professional orientation practices for this purpose.     

Engagement envers le supérieur et recherche de feedback négatif : le rôle des variables de statut du supérieur

The relationship between employees’ affective commitment to the supervisor and negative feedback seeking is barely explored in the literature. Moreover, the role of the characteristics related to the context where this relationship develops is unknown. In the present article, we examine the relationship between affective commitment to the supervisor and negative feedback seeking using data collected from 250 employees affiliated with organizations operating in the service industry. Three moderating variables were measured: supervisor-organization value incongruence, supervisors’ networking ability, and supervisors’ perceived organizational status. Data analysis through moderated multiple regression indicates that commitment to the supervisor is positively related to negative feedback seeking, and that this relationship is enhanced when the supervisor is perceived to have a low value incongruence with the organization or a weak networking ability. In contrast, supervisors’ perceived organizational status did not exert a moderating role. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on feedback seeking behavior in the workplace.     

Travail et épuisement professionnel : le rôle modérateur des traits de la personnalité

This study aims to assess the moderating role of personality traits on the relationship between work conditions and burnout. The stress theories (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984; Marchand, 2004; Pearlin, 1999) argues that the effects of stressors are moderated by the individual perception of stressors, some personality traits may thus moderate the relationship between work stressors and burnout. The main results confirm self-esteem and locus of control moderates the relationship between work conditions and burnout. The results of this study may be useful in some human resource management activities, particularly career management, promotions management and personnel selection.     

Utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail au Canada: Répercussions de la recherche sur le capital humain

La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l'analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire inégal dans des métiers. En 1996 dollars, tout le déficit immigré annuel de revenus de chacune des trois sources était 15,0 milliards, dont15,0 milliards, dont 2,4 milliards ont été liés à la sous-utilisation de compétence, et 12,6 milliards ont été liés à l￠injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was12,6 milliards ont été liés à l'injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence.     

Quelques réflexions sur l’incidence des valeurs éthiques sur le choix technique des interventions psychothérapeutiques

If we consider the evolution in the patterns of psychopathology during the 20th century, we discover the evolution of ethical values implicit in the theory and their implications as far as our technical choices are concerned. The therapeutic relationship is asymmetrical, not only because of different role positions but also because of an inherent power differential. The therapist is consciously recognized as occupying a superior role because of his or her professional status and at the unconscious level, too, through transfer and projection of different fantasies. Being in charge of the therapeutic process carries with it the professional responsibility for handling this asymmetry. The therapist's theoretical and technical decisions in this regard reflect his or her ideology about power and how it should be used to establish the therapeutic alliance.     

Une analyse du leadership laissez-faire dans les organisations : le rôle des orientations d’objectifs des employés

Supervisors’ laissez-faire leadership has been scarcely studied in the management literature. Moreover, the role of individual differences in employees’ reactions to laissez-faire leadership remains unknown. In the present study (n = 248), we examine the relationship between supervisors’ laissez-faire leadership and employees’ (affective) commitment to the supervisor and the organization, and their job satisfaction, and consider employees’ goal orientations (learning, performance, and avoidance) as moderating variables of these relationships. The results of multiple regression analyses indicate that laissez-faire leadership is negatively associated with employee commitment to the supervisor and the organization and job satisfaction. In addition, the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and commitment to the supervisor and to the organization was more negative when performance orientation was high. In contrast, the relationship between laissez-faire leadership and commitment to the supervisor and the organization and job satisfaction was less negative when avoidance orientation was high. Learning orientation exerted no moderating effect. These results reveal that the undermining effect of laissez-faire leadership varies across levels of employees’ performance and avoidance orientations. We discuss the implications of these results for future research.     

La discrimination ethnique à l’emploi : le rôle des préjugés,du contact intergroupe et des orientations d’acculturation

Introduction and objectiveLittle is known about employment discrimination in France. The goal of this study was to examine some of the determinants of employment discrimination toward French Young from Turkish and North-african Immigration (YTNI).MethodUnder this perspective, 62 employers filled out an anonymous questionnaire in France (Auvergne).ResultsFirst, results reveal that the level of employers’ prejudice determines their behavioural intentions during recruitments, especially two kinds of prejudice: perception of YTNI overpopulation, and perception of incompatibility between YTNI recruitment and firm brand image. Second, the quality of intergroup contact is significantly related to prejudice, but not to discrimination. Concerning employers’ acculturation orientations, they prefer segregation compare to assimilation. Finally, the more they endorses ethnocentric acculturation orientations, the more they are prejudiced and the more they have the intention to discriminate.ConclusionThis research suggests courses of action for the reduction of employment discrimination.     

Le rôle des stresseurs sur le comportement d’innovation : Quand le leadership habilitant du supérieur protège le potentiel d’innovation des travailleurs

This study focuses on the relationship between workplace stressors and innovative work behavior. The joint analysis of the mediation process supporting this relationship as well as the influence of certain external conditions such as the moderating role of the supervisor has made it possible to highlight the dynamic that underlie the relationship between stressors and innovation behavior. Using the challenge-hindrance model, this theory proposes that challenge (i.e., role overload) and hindrance (i.e., role ambiguity and role conflict) stressors exert positive and negative indirect effects, respectively, on innovative work behavior through psychological empowerment (PE). Furthermore, empowering leadership (EL) has the potential to optimize the benefits of challenge stressors and reduce the effects of hindrance stressors on PE and indirectly on innovation work behavior. In support of these predictions, a time-lagged study of 146 employees from various Canadian firms reveals that hindrance stressors, particularly role ambiguity, are negatively related to innovative work behavior through PE. Moreover, when EL was high, the positive effects of role overload were enhanced through PE while the negative effects of role ambiguity and role conflict were attenuated. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Impact du célibat géographique des marins sur le conflit travail-famille et la satisfaction professionnelle

The goal of this research is to study the impact of geographical celibacy on work-family conflict and job satisfaction. Indeed, we made the hypotheses that geographical celibates will have more negative feeling toward these two concepts. In order to test these hypothesis, 5298 sailors of the French Navy answered a questionnaire that measured job satisfaction and work-family conflict. Results show that there are differences and that geographical celibates feel more conflict than non-geographical celibates. Moreover, they are less satisfied by their job. This study allows us to question the relevance of this status in a military institution where mobility is particularly high.     

Qualité des débats sur le travail : la confiance en question

The National Interprofessional Agreement of 2013 on the quality of life at work shows a willingness to institute discussion spaces allowing employees to express themselves on the quality of their work. This questions the modalities of the discussion for those who initiate it as well as for those who participate in it, trust seeming to be indispensable in order to allow for transparency and debate. The authors propose to take a further step from the analysis of a professional controversy by identifying the need to share common assumptions among peers to develop debates.     

Santé et travail : le cas des facteurs de risque des troubles musculo-squelettiques du membre supérieur

The study proposes us to define and to treat the social questions that the musculoskeletal disorders suppose. Indeed, an optimal prevention is articulated around the two poles of musculoskeletal disorders factors of risk, which are the biomechanics and psychosocial factors of risk. The aim of this article is also to create a collective reaction for mobilise every one which are concerned by this subject. The musculoskeletal disorders are one of the first causes of compensation working disease. The factors of risk in their occurred are mainly the repetitivite gesture, the implementation of the muscular force, the extreme articular amplitudes and also, but in a less proportion, the psychological stress felt by a person during his working time. All these elements will be developing in this study.     

Évaluation des dimensions psychopathiques sur le mode d’adaptation carcérale

IntroductionThe disorders associated with the coping styles of detainees in prisons, including the interaction between individual and the environment, can be approached in two ways. Either as the result of a normal reaction of prisoners with regard to specific components in a pathogenic environment, or resulting from psychopathological determinants inherent to inmates prior to incarceration.ObjectivesThis study aims to measure the impact of components related to personality traits deemed stable and observed among inmates in regards to their modes of adaptations to the prison environment. More specifically, observing the types of adaptation of prisoners, according to their scores on the Hare psychopathy checklist (PCL-R).MethodsThe study is based on a series of interviews conducted on a sample of 26 inmates in three different detention centers located in France.ResultsThe results show a strong relationship between some psychopathic dimensions and characteristics of conduct disorder or disciplinary offenses in prison. High scores in both factor 1 (interpersonal and emotional relationship) and factor 2 (social deviance) strongly correlates with disciplinary problems such as heteroaggressive violence towards staff or other inmates. While a high score of factor 2 only increases the risk of disciplinary problems, such as group violence or involvement in trafficking.ConclusionsThe presence or absence of certain personality traits that characterize psychopathy could determine how an inmate would adapt to the prison environment.     

Le logement des réfugiés à Montréal trois ans après leur arrivée: le cas des demandeurs d'asile ayant obtenu la résidence permanente

This article presents the results of a secondary analysis of the housing-related variables contained in a survey of the settlement experiences, of some 400 regularized refugee claimants living in Greater Montréal. It examines housing as a vector of settlement and integration, as well as the related neighbourhood context. The data indicate that the refugees are relatively well housed in terms of dwelling quality, but spend inordinately high percentages of their income on rent, essentially because of their low incomes. More optimistically, the refugees have access to social support from within their ethnolinguistic group, and in their neighbourhoods they are not isolated from the majority cultural groups of Québec society.