Sex differences on the MMPI-2 substance abuse scales in psychiatric inpatients.

Sex differences on the MMPI-2 addiction scales (MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised, Addiction Acknowledgement Scale, Addiction Potential Scale) and their ability to distinguish between substance-abusing and nonabusing psychiatric inpatients were examined. Men obtained higher mean raw scores than women on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale, and substance abusers scored higher on all three scales. Even relatively low cutoff scores, however, on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised resulted in false negative rates of 37 to 39%. The results support the utility of the MMPI-2 substance abuse scales; however, lower cutoff scores should be used with women and within a psychiatric population.     

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO REFEREES

Acknowledgement to Referees

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO REFEREES     

Acknowledgement to referees

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement to referees     

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers

Dedication

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers     

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers

Dedication

Acknowledgement of Ad Hoc Reviewers     

蓄意创伤受害者的创伤后应激障碍症状及影响因素分析

目的:研究蓄意创伤受害者的PTSD症状及影响因素。方法:采用事件冲击问卷、创伤经历揭露问卷、受害人认可问卷和攻击描述问卷等测查工具对163名蓄意创伤受害者进行调查。结果:(1)蓄意创伤受害者的PTSD三大症状之间相关显著,且方差分析结果差异显著,闯入性症状>回避症状>高警觉症状;(2)创伤严重程度与PTSD三大症状的相关显著;(3)创伤揭露中情绪反应对PTSD三大症状都有显著的预测作用;(4)社会认可度中的一般性排斥对PTSD三大症状都有显著的预测作用。结论:蓄意创伤受害者有着较强的PTSD症状,且以闯入性症状最为严重,回避和高警觉症状次之;创伤的严重程度、揭露时的情绪反应和社会认可度中的一般性排斥等都对蓄意创伤受害者的PTSD症状有影响作用。     

Simulation in hypnosis research: the "hidden" role of attribution of meaning

The role played by attribution of meaning in research involving simulation is examined. Acknowledgement of this role, lacking to date, queries the traditional use of simulation but also opens up interesting research questions.     

Diagnostic accuracy and factor structure of the AAS and APS scales of the MMPI-2

Receiver operating characteristics analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS; Weed, Butcher, McKenna, & Ben-Porath, 1992) and Addiction Potential Scale (APS; Weed et al., 1992) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) to that of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised (Butcher et al, 1989), the CAGE (Mayfield, McLeod, & Hall, 1974), and Svanum's scale (Svanum & McGrew, 1995) in a sample of 338 university students. The AAS was the most accurate of these 5 scales at identifying current alcohol dependence (as measured by a structured diagnostic interview) and appears to offer considerable promise as an alcohol screening instrument. In contrast, the APS performed the most poorly of the 5 scales being evaluated, yielding results that would be of minimal clinical utility. Factor analysis yielded a 2-factor solution for the AAS (Acknowledgement of Alcohol/Drug Problems; Positive Alcohol Expectancies) and a 4-factor solution for the APS (Satisfaction with Self; Cynicism/Pessimism; Impulsivity; Risk-Taking).     

Out-of-Body experiences in the blind

The theoretical significance of out-of-body experiences in blind people is explored. In this context I report results of a survey of a small sample of blind adults. It is concluded that we have yet to locate a case of an out-of-body experience in the blind that has critical implications for the interpretation of the experience among the general population.Acknowledgement hereby is given to the efforts of Margaret Kerr, Coordinator of Field Services for the Royal Blind Society of New South Wales, Australia, in supervising the collection of data reported in this paper.     

A cross-validation of MMPI-2 substance abuse scales.

We evaluated the efficacy of the Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), two new scales designed to assess substance abuse problems with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), in samples from settings different from those used in their development. Results replicate earlier findings that both scales discriminate between psychiatric and substance abuse samples and do so more effectively than other substance abuse scales designed for use with the MMPI and carried over to the MMPI-2. Results also suggest that APS may be more resistant than AAS to response distortion.     

Mentally ill foragers and beggars in a peasant society: Their social networks and psychopathology

In this study of psychotic persons in a peasant society, there was a significant attrition in important social network structure after the onset of psychosis. The difficulties involved in providing non-reciprocal social support is noted, yet modest social support of functions may be critical.This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant Number 1 R01 MH34322-01). Acknowledgement is expressed to Dr. Phim and Mr. Phimpha for their assistance with data collection, and to Dr. Robert Zimmerman and Ms. Beth Stone for their assistance with data tabulation and analysis.     

New Measures for Assessing Alcohol and Drug Abuse With the MMPI-2: The APS and AAS

We introduce two new scales for assessing substance abuse problems with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): the Addiction Potential Scale (APS), a 39-item empirically derived scale, developed by contrasting the responses of a large residential substance abuse sample with responses from both normative and psychiatric control groups; and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), a 13-item face-valid scale, constructed rationally and with attention to internal consistency. Both new scales are shown to discriminate well between groups and substantially better than other selected substance abuse scales. Covariation between the scales and joint effectiveness are examined. Finally, limitations for their practical utility are expressed, and considerations for future research are identified.     

The Abuse of Power: A View of Sexual Misconduct in a Systemic Approach to Pastoral Care

The article explores the dynamics of transference and countertransference in hierarchical relationships which exist between clergy and lay persons, both in the parish setting, as well as in the pastoral counseling relationship. It is of utmost importance that the power differential be consciously acknowledged by pastoral caregivers so that appropriate boundaries can be exercised. All too often it is the negligent, careless, or unconscious disregard for this power dynamic by individuals providing pastoral care that has led to the sexual violations recently surfaced within our religious institutions. Acknowledgement of the imbalance of power, and its consequences for both clergy and parishioner, is essential in a systemic model of pastoral care.     

ON ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND CAVELL'S UNACKNOWLEDGED THEOLOGICAL VOICE

This article argues that Cavell's key concept of acknowledgement is of great theological significance. Acknowledgement is meant as a particular interpretation of knowledge, which emphasises the personal responsiveness and responsibility to the human other and to the world. As Cavell himself indicates, acknowledgement also overlaps with faith. However, what such acknowledgement of God amounts to, is not yet satisfactorily understood in the growing literature on Cavell. This article argues that Cavell's treatment of confessions (Augustine, Wittgenstein) and acceptance of promise (Luther) provides important clues to a more elaborate understanding of acknowledgement in general, and of acknowledging God in particular.     

New measures for assessing alcohol and drug abuse with the MMPI-2: The APS and AAS.

We introduce two new scales for assessing substance abuse problems with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): the Addiction Potential Scale (APS), a 39-item empirically derived scale, developed by contrasting the responses of a large residential substance abuse sample with responses from both normative and psychiatric control groups; and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), a 13-item face-valid scale, constructed rationally and with attention to internal consistency. Both new scales are shown to discriminate well between groups and substantially better than other selected substance abuse scales. Covariation between the scales and joint effectiveness are examined. Finally, limitations for their practical utility are expressed, and considerations for future research are identified.     

The impact of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for harm on victim groups' perceptions of justice,power, and intergroup attitudes

Acknowledgement of responsibility for in‐group harmdoing is considered a precondition for reconciliation. However, we know little about its impact on victim groups. Using a mixed methods approach, in two studies in Bangladesh we examined the role of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. Study 1 used an open‐ended survey to assess Bangladeshis' perceptions about acknowledgement and denial of responsibility for the mass violence committed by the Pakistani army on Bangladeshis during the 1971 war. Study 2 experimentally examined the effects and the potential mechanisms (emotional reactions, perceived injustice, and relative power) through which acknowledgement and denial of responsibility impact two intergroup outcomes: out‐group animosity and willingness for contact. Both studies demonstrated the importance of anger and perceived injustice as mediators of the effects of acknowledgement and denial of responsibility on intergroup outcomes. We draw implications for theory and for strategies to address past victimization across different contexts of conflict.     

The classification of neuropsychological deficit

The study involves classification of neuropsychiatric patients on the basis of neuropsychological and intelligence test performance. One hundred twenty-five hospitalized male neuropsychiatric patients with various diagnoses were administered the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological test batteries, as well as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. A cluster analysis was performed for each of those three procedures utilizing Ward's method. It was found in all cases that clusters were determined on the basis of level rather than pattern of performance. Relationships were found between cluster membership and age, education, and presence or absence of structural brain damage but were not found for diagnoses of schizophrenia or alcoholism. Schizophrenic and alcoholic patients were found in all clusters in the case of all three test procedures. Differences in clustering among the three test procedures were noted, with the WAIS being relatively more sensitive to educational differences while the Halstead-Reitan was more sensitive to age differences. The clinical utility of classifying patients on the basis of neuropsychological and cognitive test performance was discussed.Acknowledgement is made to the Veterans Administration for support of this research.     

价值观对蓄意创伤受害者创伤后应激障碍症状的影响

探讨价值观对蓄意创伤受害者创伤后应激障碍（Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ,简称PTSD）症状的影响方式。方法：采用事件冲击量表、受害人认可评价量表、施瓦兹价值观量表作为测查工具,测查了163 名蓄意创伤受害者。结果：（1）蓄意创伤受害者的PTSD三大症状表现有显著差异,闯入症状水平最高,回避症状水平次之,高警觉症状水平最低。（2）蓄意创伤受害者所持的价值观和对外界接纳的评价能较好地预测PTSD三大症状。（3）内敛价值类型通过诸如社会接纳等反映外在标准的因素影响PTSD的闯入症状。结论：蓄意创伤受害者PTSD症状表现有其自身的特点,对外界接纳的评价和自身所持的价值观对其PTSD症状有直接或间接的影响     

A factor-analytic study of creative-thinking abilities

Fifty-three tests designed to measure aspects of creative thinking were administered to 410 air cadets and student officers. The scores were intercorrelated and 16 factors were extracted. Orthogonal rotations resulted in 14 identifiable factors, a doublet, and a residual. Nine previously identified factors were:verbal comprehension, numerical facility, perceptual speed, visualization, general reasoning, word fluency, associational fluency, ideational fluency, and a factor combining Thurstone'sclosure I andII. Five new factors were identified asoriginality, redefinition, adaptive flexibility, spontaneous flexibility, andsensitivity to problems.Under Contract N6onr-23810 with the Office of Naval Research. The opinions expressed are our own and are not necessarily shared by the Office of Naval Research. These studies are under the direction of J. P. Guilford. Paul R. Christensen is assistant director. Robert C. Wilson has been principally responsible for the conduct of this particular study. Donald J. Lewis contributed to the development of hypotheses and tests. Raymond M. Berger made substantial contributions to the development of the tests.The authors are very much indebted to the Personnel Research Laboratory, Human Resources Research Center, Air Training Command, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, for making the testing possible, and in particular to Dr. Lloyd G. Humphreys, Director, and to Mr. William B. Lecznar, Technical Aide.Acknowledgement is made to Gordon Taaffe for the supervision of much of the statistical work connected with this study and to Norman W. Kettner for carrying out the extractions of factors and for valuable assistance on the rotations of axes.A fuller discussion of this factor analysis is given by Wilson (16).