听美国和墨西哥专家讨论甲型H1N1流感

本文系作者2009年5月参加美国胸科年会时的见闻总结,简述了与会美国和墨西哥专家对本次甲型H1N1流感疫情的观点和看法,主要介绍了当时情况下甲型H1N1流感的严重程度、合并症情况、发展趋势、重症患者增加的应对措施以及病毒学研究进展.     

我国甲型H1N1流感防控策略的评析及选择

我国目前正处于甲型H1N1流感防控策略重要调整期,在系统梳理和总结我国自甲型H1N1发生以来防控策略基础上,通过对甲型H1N1流感防控引出的哲学命题、防疫体系和国际合作的思考,提出进一步完善我国甲型H1N1防控策略选择的意见和建议。     

我国甲型H1N1流感防控策略的评析及选择

我国目前正处于甲型H1N1流感防控策略重要调整期,在系统梳理和总结我国自甲型H1N1发生以来防控策略基础上,通过对甲型H1N1流感防控引出的哲学命题、防疫体系和国际合作的思考,提出进一步完善我国甲型H1N1防控策略选择的意见和建议.     

甲型H1N1流感防控策略的思考

自2009年3月以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球范围内迅速传播,现在冬季即将来临,第二波甲型H1N1流感有可能再掀高潮。对甲型H1N1流感是要严防死守,还是温和防控目前仍存在争议。究竞应该采取何种防控措施？在防控过程中应注意哪些问题？这些都是需要深入思考的问题。本期“圆桌会议”栏目刊发了6篇文章对甲型H1N1流感防控的相关问题进行了讨论。     

甲型H1N1流感防控策略的思考

自2009年3月以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球范围内迅速传播,现在冬季即将来临,第二波甲型H1N1流感有可能再掀高潮.对甲型H1N1流感是要严防死守,还是温和防控目前仍存在争议.     

甲型H1N1流感普通型与重症型的处理

本文回顾性总结历史上几次世界性甲型流感流行和2009年H1N1流感流行情况.概述了2009年H1N1流感普通型病例的临床处理.重点阐述2009年H1N1流感重症型病例的高危人群、发生的危险因素以及临床表现.特别强调重症型流感抗病毒治疗的重要性及适应证.同时提醒关注神经氨酸酶抑制剂应用的耐药问题.     

甲型H1N1流感普通型与重症型的处理

本文回顾性总结历史上几次世界性甲型流感流行和2009年H1N1流感流行情况。概述了2009年H1N1流感普通型病例的临床处理。重点阐述2009年H1N1流感重症型病例的高危人群、发生的危险因素以及临床表现。特别强调重症型流感抗病毒治疗的重要性及适应证。同时提醒关注神经氨酸酶抑制剂应用的耐药问题。     

2009年全球甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

截至8月30日,全球5大洲177个国家或地区共报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例254 206例,死亡2 837人,病死率1.12%.病例以青壮年为主,无性别差别,年龄中位数12岁～17岁(范围0岁～85岁),约10%需住院治疗,37%的住院病例和80%的死亡病例有基础性疾病史或妊娠.全球甲型H1N1流感总体较温和,适时将其纳入季节性流感常规监测,掌握其流行病学和病原学变化,研制安全有效的疫苗;提高医务人员重症病例救治能力均能有效地预防控制甲型H1N1流感.     

2009年全球甲型H1N1流感流行病学特征分析

截至8月30日,全球5大洲177个国家或地区共报告甲型H1N1流感确诊病例254206例,死亡2837人,病死率1．12％。病例以青壮年为主,无性别差别,年龄中位数12岁～17岁（范围0岁～85岁）,约10％需住院治疗,37％的住院病例和80％的死亡病例有基础性疾病史或妊娠。全球甲型H1N1流感总体较温和,适时将其纳入季节性流感常规监测,掌握其流行病学和病原学变化,研制安全有效的疫苗;提高医务人员重症病例救治能力均能有效地预防控制甲型H1N1流感。     

审时度势 科学应对——谈新甲型H1N1流感的应对

面对新甲型H1N1的流行,我国在早期采取了严格的防控措施。而随着疫情的不断发展,将其防控策略进行了调整。这在各界引起了诸多的争论。由于流感为呼吸道传染病,完全切断传播途径非常困难。而且新甲型H1N1传播迅速、人群普遍易感、控制传染源困难等原因,无法完全避免新甲型H1N1流感的流行。因此现阶段应将防控目标定位在压峰缓疫,医疗的重点应放在危重患者的救治上,降低病死率,尽可能减少疾病流行对全社会各方面的影响。     

试论甲型H1N1流感防控中个体的道德责任

甲型H1N1的防控不仅是国家、政府、专门机构及专业人员的责任,同时也是每个社会成员应该承担的责任。个体责任缺失是甲型H1N1在我国流行的主要原因之一。导致个体道德责任缺失的原因主要包括：社会中主体的原子化对个体道德责任的排斥、非理性社会心理对个体道德责任的冲击和公共卫生防疫体制中薄弱环节对个体道德责任的影响。基于道德责任产生的基础不同,不同的个体应该承担不同的道德责任。     

Transnational Quarantine Rhetorics: Public Mobilization in SARS and in H1N1 Flu

This essay examines how Chinese governments, local communities, and overseas Chinese in North America responded to the perceived health risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 flu through the use of public and participatory rhetoric about risk and quarantines. Focusing on modes of security and quarantine practices, I examine how globalization and the social crises surrounding SARS and H1N1 flu operated to regulate differently certain bodies and areas. I identify three types of quarantines (mandatory, voluntary, and coerced) and conduct a transnational comparative analysis to investigate the relationships among quarantines, rhetoric, and public communication. I argue that health authorities must openly acknowledge the legitimacy of public input and actively seek public support regarding health crises. Only by collaborating with concerned communities and citizens and by providing careful guidance for public participation can health institutions ensure the efficacy of quarantine orders during emerging epidemics.     

Predicting psychological responses to influenza A, H1N1 ("swine flu"): the role of illness perceptions

Previous research on H1N1 ("Swine flu") has demonstrated that although the public reported concern about H1N1, knowledge levels were low, as were reports of behavioural changes aimed at minimising the spread of H1N1. The current study had two main aims; (i) to ascertain levels of state anxiety and knowledge about H1N1, and (ii) to examine if illness perceptions predict anxiety about H1N1, perceived risk of contracting H1N1, and knowledge about H1N1. The study was cross-sectional in design, and involved 235 participants (100 males, 135 females, mean age 22.48 years) completing self-report measures of knowledge, anxiety, and perceived risk about H1N1, and illness perceptions (BIPQ). Analyses revealed low levels of knowledge about H1N1, 37.4% of participants could not identify any of the causes of H1N1. Correlation and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that illness perceptions were associated with responses to H1N1, with negative illness perceptions predicting state anxiety (β?=?0.498, p?相似文献   

COVID-19, Virtual Engagement and the Psychoid Imagination1

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on analytic training and the delivery of educational content is explored here. The proliferation of Zoom therapy and teaching is creating a post-human platform to which nearly everyone in contemporary society has had to adapt. Looking at the possible meanings of the pandemic, a psychoid factor (the virus) engaging the imagination has come to the fore as a response to climate change. The striking similarity to the H1N1 viral pandemic (“Spanish flu”) is noted, especially in the context of C. G. Jung having had a case in 1919 during which he experienced a number of visions and dreams. The imagery produced can be seen as an implicit attempt at “re-enchanting the world” found in The red book. Finally, a reconsideration of pedagogy in response to the pandemic is discussed with an eye to the archetypal aspects of internet communications.     

甲型H1N1流感大流行2周年记

2009年4月,墨西哥暴发甲型H1N1流感疫情,并迅速蔓延至全球。2009年6月11日,世界卫生组织宣布进入流感大流行,直到2010年8月10日世卫组织宣布世界步入流感大流行后期。自流感暴发已经2年过去了,回顾整个过程我们从中可以学到许多经验和教训,并随时准备应对将来可能发生的新的流感疫情。     

流行性感冒近期会大流行吗?

流行性感冒是为数不多的可能造成世界大流行的急性传染病之一。大流行的基础是人与动物的流感病毒相互接触与不断变异,在复制过程中基因重组而产生新的亚型,并侵袭对新亚型毫无抵抗力的人群,迅速蔓延而成大流行。大流行的结果是人群的高发病率与高致死率,对人类生命财产和社会经济发展带来灾难性打击。目前,H5N1亚型可能巳经具备了从禽鸟直接向人类传播的能力,流感大流行已向我们走来。面对威胁只有加强监测,力争在大流行来到之前,采取有科学依据的综合性措施,随时应对疫情先兆,方有可能遏制流行势头。     

Message framing and color combination in the perception of medical information

A 2 x 2 between-subjects design was used to examine the effects of message framing (gain vs loss) and color combination (red background with white characters vs white background with black characters) on 120 university students' perception of materials promoting the H1N1 flu vaccine and their willingness to receive the vaccine after they had read the materials. Each participant completed a 6-item questionnaire, and the results of an analysis of variance showed that participants rated vaccine information presented through loss-framed messages as having greater interest and leading to greater understanding. Loss-framed messages presented on a white background with black characters significantly increased the willingness of the participants to receive the vaccine.     

Media Exposure,Perceived Personal Impact,and Third-Person Effect

This article examines the influence of perceived personal impact on third-person perception and on protective behaviors in connection with exposure to media coverage of the H1N1 swine flu pandemic. Survey results show that the perceived personal impact of the disease spreading in the local community positively predicts perceived media effects on self and others. However, its impact on self-evaluation of media effect is more salient and, thus, negatively influences third-person perception. In terms of corresponding behaviors, people's concerns for their own safety rather than for others' predict the intention to take protective measures. The greater the third-person perception, the less likely that people will take protective actions.     

The influence of self‐efficacy,subjective norms,and risk perception on behavioral intentions related to the H1N1 flu pandemic: A comparison between Korea and the US

This study examined the extent to which individualism‐collectivism moderates the relative effects of agency control beliefs (i.e., self‐efficacy), social norms (i.e., subjective norms), and risk perception (perceived vulnerability and perceived severity) on behavioral intention to engage in self‐protection behavior in the context of the H1N1 flu pandemic. Using multistage stratified sampling, the present study sampled people from the US (n = 399) and Korea (n = 500), two countries that have been found to be prototypical of individualistic and collectivistic national cultures, respectively. Consistent with the contrast between individualism and collectivism, the results of moderated regression analyses showed that intrapersonal control beliefs (i.e., self‐efficacy) and risk perception (i.e., perceived severity) had stronger effects on behavioral intention in the American sample than in the Korean sample, whereas social norms (i.e., subjective norms) had a stronger predictive power for the Korean sample than for the American sample. Overall, the findings contribute to health and risk studies by specifying which aspects of risk perceptions or beliefs are affected by national culture and how this translates into cross‐national variations in health risk behavioral intention.