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1.
This study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between peer deviance, parenting practices, and conduct and oppositional
problems among young girls ages 7 and 8. Participants were 588 African American and European American girls who were part
of a population-based study of the development of conduct problems and delinquency among girls. Affiliations with problem-prone
peers were apparent among a sizeable minority of the girls, and these associations included both males and females. Although
peer delinquency concurrently predicted disruptive behaviors, the gender of these peers did not contribute to girls’ behavior
problems. Harsh parenting and low parental warmth showed both concurrent and prospective associations with girls’ disruptive
behaviors. Similar patterns of association were seen for African American and European American girls. The findings show that
peer and parent risk processes are important contributors to the early development of young girls’ conduct and oppositional
behaviors. These data contribute to our understanding of girls’ aggression and antisocial behaviors and further inform our
understanding of risk processes for these behaviors among young girls in particular.
相似文献
Alison HipwellEmail: |
2.
We compared social self-competence ratings in 9–12 year old girls with (n = 42) versus without (n = 40) ADHD, relative to ratings of the girls’ social competence made by mothers, teachers, and blind raters during a social
laboratory task. Relative to scores from mothers, teachers, and the lab-task, girls with ADHD over-estimated their competence
significantly more than control girls. Over-estimates were greater for girls with ADHD who also had heightened oppositional-defiant
symptoms, or lower depressive symptoms. Over-estimates were positively related to a socially desirable reporting bias for
girls with ADHD, but not for control girls, suggesting that girls with ADHD attempt to present themselves in an unduly positive,
self-protective light. For girls with ADHD, over-estimates also were positively related to maladjustment and negatively related
to adjustment. However, for girls without ADHD, over-estimates were positively related to adjustment. Overall, over-estimates
of competence function differently in girls with and without ADHD. 相似文献
3.
Allyn McConkie-Rosell Elizabeth Melvin Heise Gail A. Spiridigliozzi 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(4):313-325
Little is known about how and what genetic risk information parents communicate to their children and even less is known about
what children hear and remember. To address this void, we explored how genetic risk information was learned, what information
was given and who primarily provided information to adolescent girls and young adult women in families with fragile X syndrome.
We explored three levels of risk knowledge: learning that fragile X syndrome was an inherited disorder, that they could be
a carrier, and for those who had been tested, actual carrier status. These data were collected as part of a study that also
explored adolescent self concept and age preferences about when to inform about genetic risk. Those findings have been presented
separately. The purpose of this paper is to present the communication data. Using a multi-group cross-sectional design this
study focused on girls ages 14–25 years from families previously diagnosed with fragile X syndrome, 1) who knew they were
carriers (n = 20), 2) noncarriers (n = 18), or 3) at-risk to be carriers (n = 15). For all three stages of information the majority of the study participants were informed by a family member. We identified
three different communication styles: open, sought information, and indirect. The content of the remembered conversations
varied based on the stage of genetic risk information being disclosed as well as the girls’ knowledge of her own carrier status.
Girls who had been tested and knew their actual carrier status were more likely to report an open communication pattern than
girls who knew only that they were at-risk. 相似文献
4.
Mari Mikkola 《Res Publica》2007,13(4):361-380
Some feminist gender sceptics hold that the conditions for satisfying the concept woman cannot be discerned. This has been taken to suggest that (i) the efforts to fix feminism’s scope are undermined because of
confusion about the extension of the term ‘woman’, and (ii) this confusion suggests that feminism cannot be organised around
women because it is unclear who satisfies woman. Further, this supposedly threatens the effectiveness of feminist politics: feminist goals are said to become unachievable,
if feminist politics lacks a clear subject matter. In this paper, I argue that such serious consequences do not follow from
the gender sceptic position.
I presented an earlier version of this paper at the ‘Stirling Political Philosophy Group’ meeting and am grateful to those
present for their constructive criticisms. I am also grateful to Alan Millar, the anonymous referees for this journal and
Jenny Saul (who has read more than one version of this paper!) for their detailed and extremely helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
5.
Celia Kitzinger 《Human Studies》2008,31(2):179-208
This paper responds to Maria Wowk’s (Human Studies, 30, 131–155, 2007) critique of “Kitzinger’s feminist conversation analysis”, corrects her misrepresentation of it, and rebuts
her claim to have cast doubt on whether it is “genuinely identifiable” as conversation analysis (CA). More broadly, it uses
Wowk’s critique as a springboard for continuing the development of feminist conversation analysis through: (i) discussion
of appropriate methods of data collection and analysis; (ii) clarification of CA’s turn-taking model and an illustrative deployment
of it in the analysis of a single case and of a collection (of if/then compound TCUs); (iii) exposition of a feminist CA understanding
of “participants’ orientations”, and of the relevance of the distinction between participants’ and analysts’ orientations
for feminist work. Finally, I suggest that feminist work in CA makes important contributions to the development of CA as a
discipline.
相似文献
Celia KitzingerEmail: |
6.
Lauren K. Williams Lina A. Ricciardelli Marita P. McCabe Boyd A. Swinburn Gade G. Waqa Kelera Bavadra 《Sex roles》2006,55(7-8):555-566
Australian and Fijian adolescent girls reported on the influence that sociocultural factors, including parents, peers, and
the media, had on their body image attitudes. It was expected that messages that promote a thin body would be less prevalent
among Fijians, as their cultural traditions place more importance on robust body sizes. An inductive thematic analysis of
the girls’ semi-structured interviews indicated that both Fijian (n = 16) and Australian (n = 16) girls (aged 13–17) reported messages from similar sources, which included parents, siblings, and friends/peers. Australian
girls consistently reported messages that reinforced thinness. On the other hand, Fijian girls reported messages that emphasized
both thinness and robustness. The discussion focuses on the conflict between Western ideals and cultural Fijian traditions
and the implications for culturally sensitive interventions. 相似文献
7.
This research assessed the extent to which sociocultural predictors of body dissatisfaction implicated in Western studies
extend to the prediction of physical appearance concerns among young women and adolescent girls in Southwest China. In Study
1, 408 Chinese university-age women completed measures of fatness concern (FC), facial appearance concerns (FAC), sociocultural
influence (i.e., appearance pressure, comparison, teasing), and demographics. In hierarchical regression analyses, appearance
pressure and comparison predicted both FC and FAC, independent of other factors. In Study 2, effects of appearance pressure
and comparison were replicated among middle school (n = 346) and high school (n = 563) girls. Together, findings suggest that appearance pressure and social comparison correspond with specific body image
concerns of young females in China. 相似文献
8.
Nature, Interthing Intersubjectivity, and the Environment: A Comparative Analysis of Kant and Daoism
Ann A. Pang-White 《Dao》2009,8(1):61-78
The Kantian philosophy, for many, largely represents the Modern West’s anthropocentric dominance of nature in its instrumental-rationalist
orientation. Recently, some scholars have argued that Kant’s aesthetics offers significant resources for environmental ethics,
while others believe that Kant’s flawed dualistic views in the second Critique severely undermine any environmental promise that aesthetic judgments may hold in Kant’s third Critique. This article first examines the meanings of nature in Kant’s three Critiques. It concludes that Kant’s aesthetic view toward sensible nature is indeed inconsistent. The article, however, also suggests
that the “I” as “transcendental apperception” discussed in the paralogisms of the first Critique holds some promise of “interthing intersubjective” thinking. The second half of the article demonstrates that Daoism with
a dialectic concern similar to Kant’s has something insightful to offer in its idea of interthingness based on a phenomenal
account of nature. The article investigates important Daoist ideas of interthing analogical experience, qi, spiritual exercise, and wuwei in its dialect relation to zizan. By bringing Daoism and Kant into dialogue, the author hopes to bring forth a synthetic approach that is better suited to
today’s environmental concerns. 相似文献
9.
10.
N. E. Downing and K. L. Roush [(1985) “From Passive Acceptance to Active Commitment: A Model of Feminist Identity Development,”The Counseling Psychologist, Vol. 13, pp. 695–709] proposed a five-level developmental model of feminist identity that charts development from passive
acceptance of traditional gender roles toward active commitment to feminist ideals and an egalitarian society. A Bargad and
J. S. Hyde [(1991) “Women’s Studies: A Study of Feminist Identity Development in Women,”Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 15, pp. 181–201] and K. M. Rickard [(1989) “The Relationship of Self-Monitored Dating Behaviors to Level of Feminist
Identity on the Feminist Identity Scale,Sex Roles, Vol. 20, pp. 213–226] developed questionnaires to measure the Downing and Roush levels. The goal of the present study was
to further explore the reliability and validity of the two feminist identity development scales. Participants included 198
female students who were taking either a women’s studies class or a general psychology class. They were administered Rickard’s
and Bargad and Hyde’s scales of feminist identity development and a measure of cognitive development both at the beginning
and end of the semester. Sixty-six percent of the participants classified themselves as Caucasian, 13% as Asian, 7% as African
American, 4% as Hispanic, 3% as Indian, 5% as Other, and 2% left the item blank. Within this framework, we demonstrated support
for (1) the psychometric/statistical properties of each scale, including (a) internal consistency and reliability, (b) component
structure, (c) the relationship among the two scales, and (d) discrimination from social desirability; and (2) construct validity,
as determined by (a) distinction between general psychology students who were interested in taking a women’s studies class
in the future and those who were not, (b) the impact of a women’s studies class on feminist identity development, and (c)
relationship of the scales to a measure of cognitive development.
The authors wish to thank Richard Ashmore and Erich Labouvie for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.
We also would like to thank the instructors of the general psychology and women’s studies classes, especially Barbara Balliet,
for allowing us to recruit participants in their classes. 相似文献
11.
Deborah Cook 《Continental Philosophy Review》2007,40(1):49-72
“Nature, Red in Tooth and Claw” explores Adorno’s ideas about our mediated relationship with nature. The first section of
the paper examines the epistemological significance of his thesis about the preponderance of the object while describing the
Kantian features in his notion of mediation. Adorno’s conception of nature will also be examined in the context of a review
of J. M. Bernstein’s and Fredric Jameson’s attempts to characterize it. The second section of the paper deals with Adorno’s
Freudian account of internal nature. While arguing against Joel Whitebook’s view that Adorno needs a concept of sublimation,
I contend that Adorno’s genetic account of the relationship between nature and mind enables him to respond to the Freudian
injunction to displace the id with the ego with a view to fostering autonomy. In the final section of the paper, problems
with Adorno’s ideas about external and internal nature are briefly discussed.
In Marx’s Ecology: Materialism and Nature (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2000) p. 195, John Bellamy Foster remarks on this line from Alfred Lord Tennyson ’s In Memoriam, claiming that it was widely known for “anticipating ”Darwinian’ ideas,’’ including much-maligned and heretical (at the time)
materialist doctrines. 相似文献
12.
J. C. Pinto de Oliveira 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2007,38(1):147-157
In recent years, a revisionist process focused on logical positivism can be observed, particularly regarding Carnap’s work.
In this paper, I argue against the interpretation that Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions having been published in the International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, co-edited by Carnap, is evidence of the revisionist idea that Carnap “would have found Structure philosophically congenial”. I claim that Kuhn’s book, from Carnap’s point of view, is not in philosophy of science but rather
in history of science (in the context of a sharp discovery–justification distinction). It could also explain the fact that,
despite his sympathetic letters to Kuhn as editor, Carnap never refers to Kuhn’s book in his work in philosophy of science. 相似文献
13.
James BehuniakJr. 《Dao》2010,9(2):249-252
Certain discussions about “relativism” in the philosophy of Zhuangzi turn on the question of the morality of his dao 道. Some commentators, most notably Robert Eno, maintain that there is no ethical value whatsoever to Zhuangzi’s dao as presented in the Cook Ding episode and other “knack passages.” In this essay, it is argued that there is indeed a moral
dimension to Cook Ding’s dao. One way to recognize it is to explore the similarity between that dao and John Dewey’s notion of educational method. There are moral traits that Dewey can appeal to in recommending his method.
It is argued here that these traits represent the moral features of Cook Ding’s dao as well. 相似文献
14.
Jan Willem Wieland 《Axiomathes》2010,20(4):479-493
This paper is about the Problem of Order, which is basically the problem how to account for both the distinctness of facts
like a’s preceding b and b’s preceding a, and the identity of facts like a’s preceding b and b’s succeeding a. It has been shown that the Standard View fails to account for the second part and is therefore to be replaced. One of the
contenders is Anti-Positionalism. As has recently been pointed out, however, Anti-Positionalism falls prey to a regress argument
which is to prove its failure. In the paper we spell out this worry, show that the worry is a serious one, and distinguish
four possible strategies for Anti-Positionalism to deal with it. 相似文献
15.
The goal of this study was to examine the ability of friendship to moderate the association between behavioral risk and peer
victimization for girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 140) and comparison girls (n = 88) in a 5-week naturalistic summer camp setting. Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse group of
girls ages 6–12. Parents and teachers reported on pre-summer internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, and social competence.
Participants reported on friendships and peer victimization through a peer report measure at the summer camps; friendship
was scored via mutual nominations. Pre-summer externalizing behavior, internalizing behavior, and low social competence predicted
peer victimization at the summer camps. Friendship moderated the association between behavioral risk and victimization for
the entire sample, such that the presence of at least one friend reduced the risk of victimization. Additional analyses suggested
that girls with ADHD were no more or less protected by the presence of a friendship than were comparison girls. Finally, preliminary
analyses suggested that girls having only friends with ADHD were not significantly less protected than girls with at least
one comparison friend. Future directions and implications for intervention are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Marilyn Stern Suzanne E. Mazzeo Jerlym Porter Clarice Gerke Daphne Bryan Joseph Laver 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):217-228
Two studies investigated overweight in African American girls. First, African American adolescent girls (BMI was ≥ 85th percentile) and their mothers participated in focus groups addressing weight and eating. Although mothers and daughters shared some similar views on these issues, there were important discrepancies, with mothers expressing greater doubt about the potential success of a healthy weight program. The second study evaluated baseline data from 39 African American girls participating in a weight management program; mothers' reports were also analyzed. In both studies, adolescents reported significant teasing, and in the second study, teasing was inversely associated with social quality of life (β=.55, t=3.01, p=.007). Motivation to participate was positively associated with teasing (r=.50, p < .01). Self-esteem was inversely related to positive health habits (all p < .05). Mothers who viewed their daughters as having higher self-esteem were less concerned about their daughters' weight. Differences in mothers' and daughters' perceptions highlight the importance of a family approach in pediatric overweight interventions. Results provide evidence that overweight African American girls face significant weight stigmatization and suggest areas to target regarding intervention implementation.
相似文献
Marilyn SternEmail: |
17.
This paper presents a new modal logic for ceteris paribus preferences understood in the sense of “all other things being equal”. This reading goes back to the seminal work of Von
Wright in the early 1960’s and has returned in computer science in the 1990’s and in more abstract “dependency logics” today.
We show how it differs from ceteris paribus as “all other things being normal”, which is used in contexts with preference defeaters. We provide a semantic analysis and
several completeness theorems. We show how our system links up with Von Wright’s work, and how it applies to game-theoretic
solution concepts, to agenda setting in investigation, and to preference change. We finally consider its relation with infinitary
modal logics. 相似文献
18.
Karen D. Rudolph Wendy Troop-Gordon Douglas A. Granger 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(6):843-856
This research examined whether variations in salivary measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol) and autonomic
nervous system (alpha amylase [sAA]) contribute to individual differences in the association between peer victimization and
aggression. Children (N = 132; M age = 9.46 years, SD = 0.33) completed a measure of peer victimization, teachers rated children’s aggression, and children’s saliva was collected
prior to, and following, participation in a laboratory-based peer-oriented social challenge task. Children rated their level
of frustration at the end of the task. Results revealed that victimization interacted with cortisol and sAA measured in anticipation
of the task to predict aggression; the victimization × cortisol contribution to aggression was partly mediated by children’s
self-reported frustration level. Victimization also was associated with heightened frustration in girls with high task-related
sAA reactivity. Task-related sAA reactivity was associated with heightened aggression, but only for girls. These findings
suggest that associations between peer victimization and aggression are moderated by variation in the activity of the major
components of the psychobiology of stress; results are discussed in relation to theoretical models of individual differences
in biological sensitivity to context. 相似文献
19.
Identity control theory (Kerpelman, Pittman, & Lamke, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12: 325–346, 1997) and the literature on possible selves (Markus & Nurius, American Psychologist, 41: 954–969, 1986) and family influences on adolescents’ vocational choices (e.g., Otto, Journal of Career Development, 27: 111–117, 2000; Whiston & Keller, The Counseling Psychologist, 32: 493–568, 2004) were used to guide this study of young women’s career aspirations. How mother–daughter and father–daughter
relationships were associated with young women’s certainty about their anticipated future careers was addressed with data
from 304 female undergraduates. Findings indicated that parent–daughter connectedness predicted the young women’s anticipated
distress, as well as their willingness to change to fit parental views should their parents disagree with their career aspirations.
In addition, anticipated distress mediated associations between willingness to change and connectedness with parents, and
between willingness to change and father–daughter career discussions. Discussing career goals with mother increased mother’s
influence, but decreased father’s influence, on daughter’s career certainty under conditions of father–daughter disagreement
about career choice. The ability to separate her own feelings from those of her father was particularly important in reducing
the daughter’s willingness to change her career goals to fit maternal or paternal expectations. Collectively, these findings
offer additional insights about the role of parent–adolescent relationships in understanding young women’s career aspirations
and note the importance of considering the distinct influences of mothers and fathers on their daughters’ career goals and
plans. 相似文献