神经症患者与正常人 EPQ 测试结果分析

1980年我国引进EPQ(即艾森克个性问卷Eysenck Personality Questionnaire)之后,龚氏主持修订并制订了中国常模,实际使用已有数年。许多地区的测试结果表明:问卷有简明易懂、测查方便等特点,适用于正常成人和儿童,并可为精神科或其他学科采用。我们用该量表对部分神经症患者和正常人进行了测试,现将结果及分析报告如下。     

老年肺癌患者个性特征调查给我们的启示

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、成人艾克人格问卷(EPQ)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对127例老年肺癌患者进行调查。发现老年肺癌患者存在着特定的个性特征和情绪障碍,并且不同病期间相似。我们在老年肺癌诊疗决策中要给予足够的关注。     

老年肺癌患者个性特征调查给我们的启示

采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、成人艾克人格问卷(EPQ)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对127例老年肺癌患者进行调查.发现老年肺癌患者存在着特定的个性特征和情绪障碍,并且不同病期间相似.我们在老年肺癌诊疗决策中要给予足够的关注.     

韦克斯勒儿童智力量表中国修订版(WISC-CR)上海市区常模(WISC-CRs)制订报告

本研究是在WISC-CR的基础上制订的上海地区(市区)常模,代表我国经济文化较高的大城市水平。常模样组为6至16岁学龄儿童共660人。常模形式是:(1)各年龄组的《与原始分等值的量表分》;(2)《与量表总分等值的IQ分》(本文略)。 本常模经信度、效度检验,表明WISC-CR是适合测量中国学龄儿童的智力量表。 论文还分析了本样组与美国WISC-R样组在分测验上的差异。     

《儿童认知能力诊断量表》的编制

《儿童认知能力诊断量表》(简称DSCAC)是编制来鉴别和诊断学习不良儿童的一个认知能力测验。它由三个分测验和八个项目组成。我们在1986年建立了DSCAC的杭州市一、二年级的年级常模。结果表明;1)本量表能反映出年级间认知能力发展的趋势;2)量表的重测信度一、二年级均在0.81以上,说明量表是可靠且稳定的;3)通过因素分析,量表内部一致性分析和DSCAC与WISC—R相关分析来评价本量表的效度。结果发现,DSCAC具有较好的构思效度和内部一致性。     

苏中地区小学教师的人格特征与心理健康关系研究

本研究采用SCL-90、EPQ等量表,对苏中地区小学教师的人格特征与心理健康问题的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)苏中地区小学教师的人格特征与其心理健康状况显著相关。(2)苏中地区小学教师人格特征的N分、P分和E分因子进入心理健康因子的回归方程,是心理健康水平的关键性影响因素。(3)N分、P分和E分因子对心理健康的解释率为28.6%。     

郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平。     

中国-韦氏幼儿智力量表(C-WYCSI)的编制

本文介绍了中国-韦氏幼儿智力量表(C-WYCSI)的编制情况。C-WYCSI是以WPPSI为蓝本编制,包括城市常模(N=2200人)和农村常模(N=1120人)。作者从心理测量学角度对常模的构成、测验项目的筛选及上下限、信度和效度等问题进行了分析与讨论。结果提示:尽管C-WYCSI改变很大,但项目的难度和区分度是较满意的;城市常模的测验下限明显改善,但上限不及原量表;各种信度均达到测量学认可的水平;效度研究结果表明:C-WYCSI较好地保持了WPPSI的功能。     

关于邪教痴迷者的人格学研究

探讨邪教痴迷者人格倾向、心理特质、痴迷人格的心理模式,为反邪教工作提供心理科学依据.方法:采用明尼苏达多相人格量表(MMPI)、心理控制源量表(IPC)进行测查,将痴迷者与国内常模、吸毒者、精神病者进行比较对照性研究.结果:MMPI十个临床量表显示,男性痴迷者有九项结果高于常模分值;痴迷者与吸毒者在谎分和癔症均值上呈现强相似性;痴迷者与精神病者在支配性、偏见性、压抑性、轻躁狂、精神病态、控制项目的均值上呈现强相似性;男性痴迷者MMPI中病态人格与C分量表分值呈正相关.以上研究均具有统计学显著性.结论:邪教痴迷者存在病态人格倾向和外控型心理模式.教育策略宜采取理性认知教育、正确人格行为强化和人本关怀,促其人格完善等方法.     

郑州大学知识女性心理健康现状分析及干预对策

应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对163名郑州大学知识女性心理健康状况进行评定,发现:郑州大学知识女性躯体化因子分高于全国常模,总分和其余因子分均低于全国常模,且有非常显著性差异(P＜0.001).郑州大学知识女性心理健康优于一般人群,但仍存在一些问题,应制定相应的心理干预对策,维护和提高郑州大学知识女性的心理健康水平.     

PATTERNS OF EXPERIENCE AND THE ACQUISITION OF CONSERVATION OF LENGTH

The effects of five procedures on the acquisition of conservation of length were studied. A Müller-Lyer illusion was used to induce apparent changes in length in the test- and practice-situations. Two procedures involved practice on addition-subtraction, one a progressive increase in the strength of the Müller-Lyer illusion, and one the anticipation of the outcome of displacements of the objects. A fifth procedure was a composite of the other four. The results showed some acquisitions in all groups, with highest frequency in the anticipation group, and lowest in the increase-in-illusion group.     

不同年龄广告名人效应的心理加工机制研究

本研究从自动化加工和控制性加工这个视角研究了名人效应的心理加工机制。实验运用加工分离程序,探讨了不同年龄阶段的受众对名人广告的信息加工模式。结果发现：(1)名人效应是一个普遍存在的现象,与用一般消费者做代言人相比,青少年、成年人(大学生)以及老年人对名人广告均明显存在更多的自动化加工,且加工水平没有年龄差异。但是,老年人的控制性加工明显低于其他两组;(2)在非注意条件下,代言人的专业化程度明显地影响了大学生组的控制性加工,但与各组被试的自动化加工都关系不大。这些研究发现为广告策略的制定带来了一些新的启示。     

JUDGMENTS OF SEXISM: A COMPARISON OF THE SUBTLETY OF SEXISM MEASURES AND SOURCES OF VARIABILITY IN JUDGMENTS OF SEXISM

We compared the subtlety of four measures of sexism and sources of variation in male and female psychology students' judgments that beliefs from these scales and everyday behaviors were sexist. Participants judged traditional gender role and hostile sexist beliefs as more sexist than benevolent and modern sexist beliefs, indicating the latter were more subtle measures of sexism. Participants also judged traditional gender role behaviors as more sexist than unwanted sexual attention, suggesting the latter may less readily be identified as sexist. Variation in judgments of beliefs as sexist was related to differences in likelihood of endorsing such beliefs. This relation fully accounted for the tendency for men to be less likely to judge beliefs as sexist in comparison to women. Endorsement of Modern and Hostile Sexist beliefs was related to judgments of behaviors as sexist. The implications of the results for scale usage and identifying sexist behavior are discussed.     

ON THE EFFECTS OF NONCONTINGENT DELIVERY OF DIFFERING MAGNITUDES OF REINFORCEMENT

We conducted a parametric analysis of response suppression associated with different magnitudes of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). Participants were 5 adults with severe or profound mental retardation who engaged in a manual response that was reinforced on variable-ratio schedules during baseline. Participants were then exposed to NCR via multielement and reversal designs. The fixed-time schedules were kept constant while the magnitude of the reinforcing stimulus was varied across three levels (low, medium, and high). Results showed that high-magnitude NCR schedules produced large and consistent reductions in response rates, medium-magnitude schedules produced less consistent and smaller reductions, and low-magnitude schedules produced little or no effect on responding. These results suggest that (a) NCR affects responding by altering an establishing operation (i.e., attenuating a deprivation state) rather than through extinction, and (b) magnitude of reinforcement is an important variable in determining the effectiveness of NCR.     

SOME NORMATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF KORSGAARD'S THEORY OF THE INTERSUBJECTIVITY OF REASON

Abstract: This article argues that Christine Korsgaard's conception of self‐constitution can be historicized by considering the impact of actual humans on our reflective activity. Because Korsgaard bases her argument on a philosophy of action rather than of intention (as Kant does), and our actions must always be concrete, the article argues that the principles for action which we develop in reflection are likewise responses to concrete human demands. It further interprets the types of demands humans make on each other as the expression of historical circumstance rather than as transcendentally anchored. The notion of universal respect that reflection seeks to achieve is thus seen as developing by a self‐correcting process of concrete human interaction. Finally, the article concludes that there can be no metaphysical proof of morality, since morality develops through human interaction that seeks to approximate the idea of respect for persons.     

大学生自尊发展的特点

采用自编《大学生自尊评定问卷》,探讨1104名大学生自尊发展的特点。结果表明：（1）随着年级的增长大学生自尊呈稳定发展趋势,重要感、胜任感、归属感三个维度上表现出显著的年级差异。（2）大学生自尊发展存在着显著的性别差异,男生发展水平显著高于女生,性别差异主要体现在归属感维度。（3）文科生外表感维度得分显著高于理科生,独生子女、城市学生以及学生干部在自尊总分及其三个维度得分显著高于非独生子女、农村学生以及非学生干部。