环境公正:和谐社会的基本前提

人与人的和谐是和谐社会的“底线要求”,人与社会的和谐是和谐社会的核心所在,而人与自然的和谐是和谐社会的基本前提。人与自然和谐集中体现为环境公正。它首先是指人与自然物种之间的种际公正,具体体现为两个维度的公正：在空间维度上,要促进国际公正、族际公正、域际公正、群际公正;在时间维度上具有代际公正意识。     

礼貌原则与构建和谐社会

礼貌原则不仅可以用来指导构建和谐言语,创建和谐的语言环境,而且可以用来指导实施礼貌行为,构建和谐的社会环境。遵循礼貌原则,就是要处理好我他关系,就是要尊重他人,尊重社会,尊重自然,在人与人之间、人与社会之间、人与自然之间构建和谐关系,从而实现构建和谐社会的伟大目标。     

儒家"中和"理念及其现代价值

以"中"、"和"为表征的和谐思想是儒家的一个核心理念。它所蕴含的天与地、天与人、人与人、人与己之间的普遍和谐理念以及实现这一至高境界的方法原则,对于当前我国和谐社会的建设乃至和谐世界的实现都具有重要的借鉴意义。     

古代和谐思想与构建社会主义和谐社会

和谐是中国传统文化的核心理念,中国古代和谐思想内容广泛,包含着人与自身、人与人、人与自然之间的和谐,也就是内心和谐、社会和谐、宇宙和谐.这一宝贵思想在今天仍具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.构建社会主义和谐社会必须统筹协调各方面伦理关系,妥善处理社会矛盾,以达到内心和谐、社会和谐、人与自然和谐.     

和谐文化建设的深层意蕴

党的十六届六中全会提出的和谐文化建设问题,涉及全面小康社会与和谐社会、和谐社会与和谐文化、和谐文化与先进文化等多对范畴之间的关系,认真思考这几对范畴之间的关系,对于当前的和谐文化建设具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

论人际关系和谐的现代意义及其实现途径

人际关系和谐是指人与人之间关系的一种状态,这种状态表现为人与人之间的平等互信、融洽友好、文明有序、团结互助.在当代中国,人际关系和谐是社会主义和谐社会的基础,是社会经济发展的动力,是社会主义精神文明的重要内容.要实现人际关系的和谐,需要一系列条件的保障,这就是社会的公平正义,社会民主政治的高度发展,完善的制度建设和道德建设等.     

和谐人格:构建和谐社会的根基

构建社会主义和谐社会必须加速和谐社会的主体——人的培育。和谐社会目标的实现,最终都要落实到人的和谐发展上。因为人是社会发展的主体,人的和谐发展是和谐社会发展的根本前提,构建和谐社会,落实起来关键是人,关键在人。和谐社会是由具有和谐人格、健全精神的人来建设和实现的。同时,在构建和谐社会的诸多内容中,人自身的和谐发展是社会和谐发展     

和谐社会公民道德生活探讨

和谐社会是一种理想的社会道德状态,它包括天人和谐、人际和谐和人的身心和谐。构建和谐社会的关键是要让人们过上一种有道德的生活,而道德生活是在物质生活基础上的超功利的精神性审美生活,是旨在促进人与自然、人与社会、人与人、人的身心和谐的创造性生活。生态伦理教育、政治伦理教育、经济伦理教育和文化伦理教育将为和谐社会的公民道德生活提供正确的价值导向。     

《太平经》和谐思想浅议

"公平"、"大乐"、"无灾"的太平世道是《太平经》描述的理想社会。为实现这一理想社会,《太平经》阐发了"三合相通"、"承负"、"乐生"、"好善"等思想,要求人类必须遵循自然规律,保持天地万物的和谐,人与人之间要诚信友爱,体现了道教有关个人身心、人与人之间以及人与自然之间和谐共生的思想。这些思想对今天正在进行的社会主义和谐社会的建设也有借鉴作用。     

关怀伦理的心理特征及应用价值

关怀伦理是从心理视角来对现代人际道德关系进行重构的一种新的道德模式。关怀伦理表现为关怀人的感情、情绪和态度等,还表现为人的关系、相关人与情境的关系,因之是一种情境伦理。关怀伦理对于构建和谐社会具有重大的实践意义,可以用它来解决人际之间存在的分离问题,帮助我们建立起相互间可信赖、可依恋的关系,注重倾听差异,重视差异,以达成和谐的道德生活。     

WOMEN AND POWER Definition, Dualism, and Difference

This article reviews the discussions of power and of women and power in United States psychology. Although the field has had difficulty dealing with power, feminist psychology has focused attention on the topic and has advanced the discussion significantly. There are three problems in the literature: definition; person/society dualism; and the need to deal with race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and other social differences besides gender. This article describes components needed for a good definition, criticizes the reduction of power to two modes, and discusses issues involved in improving the analysis of social differences and moving towards resolving person/society dualism. Several nondualistic concepts and potentially useful directions are proposed.     

Eating Disorders Among Urban and Rural African American and European American Women

Abstract

It is alleged that eating disorders are nonexistent in African American women and that eating disorder symptomatology occurs predominantly among White middle class women (Kumanyika, Wilson, & Guilford-Davenport, 1993; Smolak & Striegel-Moore, 2001). This research attempted to identify differences in eating disorder symptomatology in African American and White American women. An eating disorder is a disability because it can damage the person physically, emotionally and socially. It can be undetected for years and society may reinforce the hidden disorder by being complimentary regarding the thin appearance of the person. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used to measure psychological traits and symptom clusters associated with the understanding and treatment of eating disorders (Garner, 1990). Measures of self-esteem, depression and coping were also examined. Findings indicated differences between African American and White women on the Ineffectiveness scale of the EDI, differences between the urban/rural women on Ineffectiveness and Perfectionism, and differences in coping strategies and education among this sample group of women. Successful treatment usually involves psychotherapy and/or medication for depression.     

Some situational determinants of the motives attributed to the person who performs a helping act

Two studies were directed at the assessment of donor motives for and appropriateness and evaluation of an unsolicited helping act directed at a high versus a low power person by self or other Results of the first study demonstrated no differences between self and other, but highly significant differences between high and low power on all three dependent measures, with an act directed at a high power person being seen as more self-seeking and being more negatively evaluated. A manipulation of liking for other in the second study resulted in significant differences between self and a disliked other on all three measures, with more negative attributions and evaluations of die disliked other As predicted, there were no differences between self and a liked other Power differences remained significant over all conditions of self and other Results were considered not to be attributable to trans-situational need states of the low power person, however, the act was consistently viewed as more appropriate when directed at a low power person.     

TOWARD A FEMINIST UNDERSTANDING OF WOMEN AND POWER

Both psychologists and feminists believe power is an important and ubiquitous concept, yet its definition and scope eludes both groups. In this introduction to a special issue on women and power, we suggest three points to help organize and interpret research in the area. First, definitions of power should center around the distinction between "power-over," the domination and control of one person or group over another, and "power-to" or personal empowerment. Second, power can be analyzed at different levels—societal, organizational, interpersonal, and individual—and, importantly, these levels interact. Third, power differences frequently underlie what appear to be gender differences in behavior; as society is currently configured, power and gender are never independent. Although the articles in this special issue often ask more questions than they answer, the present volume adds a feminist perspective to the psychological study of power.     

马克思的“个体”和“共同体”概念

个体与共同体的概念在马克思哲学和历史理论中占有重要的地位。"人格个体"(das persoenliche Individuum)与作为这种个体联合的"真正共同体"(wirkliche Gemeinschaft),构成马克思所追求的理想社会的密不可分、互为前提的两端。马克思对个体与共同体及其相互关系的认识和重建,集中反     

Wisdom and Knowledge: The Outline of Eastern and Western Aesthetic Spirits?

Wisdom and knowledge are the basic spirits of Eastern and Western aesthetics. The shortcoming of the aesthetics based on knowledge, i.e., the aesthetics of knowledge, lies in the fact that it clings to the opposing differences between Western- and Eastern-centered theories. These differences include essentialism and anti-essentialism; harmonious and non-harmonious relationships between person, self, nature and society; art or nature as the highest aesthetic realm; metaphysics or psychology as the aesthetic domain; dualism and Advaita; and so on. The aesthetics based on wisdom, namely aesthetics of wisdom, is valuable due to its adopting an impartial attitude toward Eastern and Western aesthetics, essentialism and anti-essentialism, philosophical horizon and psychological horizon, theory of harmony and theory of antagonism, beauty of art and beauty of nature, dualism and Advaita, up to aesthetics of knowledge and aesthetics of wisdom. Contrasted with this understanding of the aesthetics of knowledge, non-dualism and non-Advaita are the soul of the spirit of the aesthetics of wisdom.     

BELIEF AND DELUSION: THEIR COMMON ORIGIN BUT DIFFERENT COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. Comparing the experiences of mystics and victims of delusion we find very similar states of conditions: an experience of abnormal significance, pseudohallucinations, the sense of mission, the suspension of time, extremes of mood, and the sudden and passive appearance. Only the subsequent course of life of those having the experiences makes it possible to distinguish between belief and delusion. The criteria are simple: we find hope and doubt only in relation to mystical experience whereas in delusion we find a paralyzed belief; human freedom increases in belief but is lost in delusion; and belief allows the interaction between the person and society while the person who is deluded has no effectiveness in society.     

Metamorphosis

In this article, I indicate that I have spent most of my life in self-hatred, taking abuse from everyone; teachers, peer, family, and society at large. I am a beautiful person, we all are, and I believe that as women it is time we stopped being dictated to by others who rule the diet and fashion industries. It's time that we stopped trying to live up to unrealistic role models. We are individuals who are as different as the colors of the rainbow, and we should be treated as such, and respect each other's differences.     

Is there a direct relation between the development of vocabulary and grammar?

Previous studies of individual differences have revealed strong correlations between children's vocabulary and grammatical abilities, and these data have been used to support theoretical accounts positing direct developmental relations between these two areas of language. However, between‐person differences do not necessarily reflect intra‐individual dynamics. Thus, in the present study, we analysed longitudinal data from three annual assessments of vocabulary and grammar in 217 children (M_age = 4 years and 3 months at first assessment) using a modelling strategy with some utility in distinguishing relations at the between‐ and within‐person levels. The results revealed strong correlations between grammar and vocabulary at the between‐person level, but the evidence of direct dependencies between the variables at the within‐person level was rather limited. Specifically, we found a small direct contribution from grammar to vocabulary for children between the ages of 4 and 5, but there was no evidence of any direct contributions from vocabulary to grammar. Further analyses suggested that the home literacy environment may represent a common source of individual differences in children's vocabulary and grammatical skills. In light of these results, we argue that the evidence of direct relations between vocabulary and grammatical development in preschool‐aged children may not be as strong as previously assumed.     

道家文化精神对山东新时期小说的影响

道家文化偏重于个体精神的超越和自由,在人与社会、人与自然关系上,强调人与自然的一体性,注重人的自然本性,其对于社会文化的批判着重于批判社会文化观念对人的自然本性的异化。道家自然人性论及其对人性异化现象的批判、道家人与自然一体观念对山东新时期小说创作具有重要影响。