加压素对记忆巩固过程作用的研究 Ⅰ.精氨酸加压素(AVP)对大鼠记忆巩固过程的易化作用及脑内游离氨基酸含量的变化

本文研究了精氨酸加压素易化记忆巩固过程的作用,测定了这一作用过程中脑内15种游离氨基酸含量的变化。 1.第三天建立实验前1小时皮下注射AVP(2μg/只)显著地延缓了大鼠主动逃避条件反应的消退过程。 2.给予AVP的动物在建立期皮层视区和海马两脑区的GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)含量及海马的异亮氨酸含量下降。在保持期两脑区的苏氨酸含量下降,赖氨酸含量上升,海马的谷氨酸含量下降,但两脑区的GABA含量都没有显著变化。 3.电击应激反应的实验结果表明,给予AVP的动物海马的GABA含量及皮层视区苯丙氨酸含量下降。单独注射AVP后1小时,两脑区的天冬氨酸含量下降。AVP注射后48小时,脑内各种氨基酸含量都没有明显变化。     

选择性AVP受体拮抗剂托伐普坦的药理及应用评价

在心力衰竭、肝硬化腹水等稀释性低钠血症患者治疗中,了解新型选择性精氨酸血管加压素(AVP)受体拮抗剂托伐普坦的药理作用,探讨临床应用经验。通过类比同类药物,寻找相关药理学、循证医学证据,说明托伐普坦对血管加压素V2受体具有高选择性,排水不排钠,对血压、心率、电解质、肾脏功能影响小等优越的药理学特性,在各种原因引起的高血容量或正常血容量的低钠血症的治疗领域应用前景广阔,但对内分泌肿瘤等其他适应证仍有待于开发,其用药安全性需要临床实践进一步观察评价。     

不同干预方式、不同应激源对血压、心率的影响

探讨不同干预方式、不同应激源对血压、心率影响的差异。被试为本科生48人,采取干预方式、应激源、实验间期的三因素混合实验设计。干预方式为放松训练和预知,应激源为心算和恐怖影片。实验间期包括基线期、干预期、应激期、恢复期。实验的因变量为每个实验间期的血压和心率。结果显示,心算应激引起的血压和心率升高显著高于恐怖影片应激引起的血压和心率的升高;放松训练组和预知组其干预期的血压和心率值都低于基线期;干预方式和应激源在血压和心率两个指标上交互作用不显著。结果表明,与恐怖情绪引起的紧张相比较,智力操作紧张更容易影响血压和心率;放松训练和预知对于对抗应激时血压和心率升高都起到了一定的作用;不同干预方式对于不同性质的应激源作用没有差别。     

自尊与心理性应激反应的关系：社会认可需求的中介作用

国外研究者认为高自尊个体的内控性高,因此其在心理性应激情境中的反应不那么强烈,而国内研究者从集体文化(中国)考虑,则认为高自尊个体的社会认可需求较高,因此在心理性应激情境中的反应更强烈.本研究采用特里尔社会应激测试作为应激情境,采集41名中国大学生被试在这一情境下的客观参数(心率)作为心理性应激反应的指标,通过问卷测量被试的自尊水平、内控性水平和社会认可需求水平,考察自尊影响心理性应激反应的机制.结果发现被试的自尊水平与应激情境下的心率呈正相关,并且社会认可需求在自尊与心理性应激的关系中起着显著的中介作用.本文从文化差异角度提出自尊预测心理性应激反应的模型可能需要在不同文化背景下来分别探讨.     

垂体后叶加压素对人类社会行为的影响

垂体后叶加压素(Arginine Vasopressin, AVP)是神经内分泌激素之一, 简称加压素。研究发现加压素对人类复杂的社会行为有着重要的调节作用。首先, 在家庭关系方面加压素能够促进男性的性行为和父亲行为。其次, 在社会评定方面, 加压素能诱发男性之间的敌意和女性之间的亲和行为。最后, 在社会决策方面加压素能提升男性的自利性的社会决策和促进女性调和人际关系。目前此领域研究存在的问题包括：男女被试比例失衡, 当前研究关注男性为主; 对于心理疾病的临床治疗有待进一步研究和缺乏对其他变量的控制。未来研究应继续探究加压素对人类的情绪调节、学习等各方面的调节作用。     

心理应激对青少年运动员T淋巴细胞亚群及IgG、IgA、IgM的影响

目的揭示心理应激对不同性别、训练年限以及不同焦虑特质的青少年射击运动员免疫功能的影响。方法用特质一状态焦虑量表(STAI)测定运动员的状态及特质焦虑;用比浊法测定免疫球蛋白G、A、M的含量;用免疫组化法测定T淋巴细胞亚群的数量。结果①心理应激后IgM的含量显示性别差异,女运动员的IgM浓度高于男运动员。②心理应激后表现为训练年限少的运动员TCD4^ 细胞数量明显少于训练年限长的运动员。③心理应激后表现为高低状态焦虑组运动员IgA含量差异,高焦虑组IgA浓度明显低于低焦虑组．心理应激后高低特质焦虑组之间没有表现出显著性差异。结论男运动员、训练年限少及高状态焦虑青少年运动员心理应激后免疫抑制现象更严重,这是HPA轴及HPG轴等共同作用的结果。     

抗精氨酸加压素单克隆抗体对小鼠行为的影响

本工作在我们已报道的外源性精氨酸加压素([Arg~8] Vasoprpssin,AVP)促进小鼠记忆巩固结果的基础上,应用本实验室研制成功的抗精氨酸加压素单克隆抗体(Monoclonal Antibody to[Arg~8]Vasopressin,AVPMcAb)中枢及外周注射,观察小鼠内源性AVP对记忆巩固的影响。结果为:中枢注射AVP-McAb1.5—4.5毫微克/鼠后,小鼠抑制性回避反应的潜伏期和生理盐水对照组相比,均显著缩短(P<0.05);而外周尾静脉注射AVPMcAb0.15—1.50微克/鼠对小鼠此行为反应无影响,与生理盐水组对比,潜伏期无显著性差异。这提示,中枢内源性生理水平的加压素可能对小鼠记忆巩固起易化作用,而外周的加压素在生理条件下可能无此效应。 小鼠游泳试验中,训练后立即中枢注射AVPMcAb也降低小鼠游泳平衡的反应。这暗示,中枢内源性加压素在该行为模式上也参与记忆的调制过程。     

特质焦虑对急性心理性应激反应的预测

急性应激反应使得个体在紧急情况下迅速调动心理生理资源,从而更好地面对当前的挑战。本研究采用特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test,TSST),以心率和唾液皮质醇为应激反应指标,在控制了性别、年龄和受教育时间三个人口学变量的条件下,探讨特质焦虑对急性心理性应激反应的预测作用。结果发现:(1)TSST成功地诱发了被试的应激反应,表现为心率加快和唾液皮质醇含量升高;(2)分层回归结果显示,特质焦虑对急性应激状态下的心率变化具有预测作用,对唾液皮质醇变化的预测效应未达到显著水平。上述结果表明特质焦虑和急性应激反应的快反应指标——交感神经系统——密切相关,特质焦虑水平越高,急性应激状态下的交感神经系统反应越小。特质焦虑水平较高的个体可能由于长期的焦虑造成心肌细胞的过度消耗,从而导致急性应激反应受限。     

应激神经成像的研究述评

HPA轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis)是人体的重要内分泌应激系统, 大脑通过控制HPA轴活动影响机体在应激情境中皮质醇(cortisol)的分泌, 同时皮质醇分泌对大脑也具有负反馈作用, 影响着大脑边缘系统的重塑; 海马、杏仁核、前额叶皮层和脑干都参与了应激反应中的皮质醇调节; 未来研究要进一步对应激源细化分类, 并且试图找到适合事件相关电位技术的社会心理性应激实验范式。     

回避与趋近性负性人格特质对应激心血管反应模式的不同影响

本研究考察了回避与趋近性负性特质对不同强度心理社会应激刺激重复暴露的心血管反应、应激后心血管反应恢复、重复应激心血管反应的影响,并探讨了应激认知评价在其中的作用。167名大学生被试被随机分配到中/高强度应激条件中,连续采集其在基线期、首次应激期、恢复期、重复应激期四个阶段的心血管反应数据。结果发现:(1)无论应激强度如何,回避性负性特质预测首次和重复应激中较低(钝化)的心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复,而趋近性负性特质预测较大的心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复。(2)重复应激个人资源感知在回避性负性特质与重复应激心率反应之间起中介作用。因此,回避性负性特质与持续较低(钝化)的应激心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复相联系,而趋近性负性特质与较大的应激心血管反应和应激后较差的恢复相联系,即两类负性特质均表现出不适应的固化的应激心血管反应模式,这可能构成了两类不同负性特质增加罹患心血管疾病风险的生理机制。     

THE PREVENIENCE AND PHENOMENALITY OF GRACE, OR, THE ANTERIORITY OF THE POSTERIOR

This article argues the possibility of a phenomenology of Grace on the basis of response. Its key phenomenological interlocutor is Emmanuel Levinas.
The theology of grace might be said to be the fundamental theological doctrine, embracing as it does all other theologies, yet the theology of grace has been a focus of theological debate and dispute throughout history.
This article suggests that Levinas' ethical metaphysics, when applied to theology, gives theology a new phenomenological voice in which the theology of grace might be articulated.
It begins by arguing the significance of the ordinary and the everyday and the sincerity of intentional life in the world, and then proceeds to develop the notion of the prevenience of grace ( gratia praeveniens ) in terms of Levinas notion of the posteriority of the anterior/anteriority of the posterior. Grace is known in its effects.     

NIETZSCHE,THE CROSS,AND THE NATURE OF GOD

In this essay, I treat of a type of moral objection to Christian theism that is formulated by Friedrich Nietzsche. In an effort to provoke a negative moral‐aesthetic response to the conception of God underlying the Christian tradition, with the ultimate aim of recommending his own allegedly ‘healthier’ ideals, Nietzsche presents a number of distinct but related considerations. In particular, he claims that the traditional theological interpretation of the crucifixion of Jesus expresses the tasteless, vulgar, and morally objectionable character of God, thus rendering Him unworthy of belief. In response to Nietzsche's worries, I first of all argue that his account of the origins of the belief in God is both prima facie implausible and historically false. At the same time I recognize that Nietzsche is expressing, in his typically bombastic manner, a genuine and widely held worry about what the crucifixion, as an event in salvation history, says about the nature of God. In response to this worry, I draw on the work of Wilhelm Dilthey in order to support the contention that the concept of divine transcendence, which underlies Nietzsche's concern, has its proper place within the Greek metaphysical tradition, rather than in Christian faith. Building on the work of Franz Rosenzweig and Jürgen Moltmann, I outline a conception of God that more accurately reflects the claim that the cross is the definitive revelation of the divine nature while at the same time foreclosing on the possibility of the kind of response that Nietzsche articulates.     

THE INFLUENCE OF TELECONFERENCING MEDIUM AND STATUS ON PARTICIPANTS' PERCEPTION OF THE AESTHETICISM,EVALUATION, PRIVACY,POTENCY, AND ACTIVITY OF THE MEDIUM1

This study investigated the influence of teleconferencing medium and status on users' reaction to the medium. Subjects received either high or medium status inductions, and subgroups solved a problem in two node audio, video, and face-to-face conferencing configurations. These subgroups proceeded through the three media treatment conditions in counterbalanced order, and responded to scales measuring the aestheticism, evaluation, privacy, potency, and activity of the medium. Analysis indicated both face-to-face and video conferencing elicited more positive aestheticism and evaluation reactions than the audio conferencing medium. Face-to-face and audio conferencing media were perceived as being more private than the video teleconferencing medium while both video and audio media were perceived as being more potent than face-to-face conferencing. The analysis revealed neither an activity of the medium nor status main effect. The results were discussed in light of information theory.     

DIONYSIUS,PAUL AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PSEUDONYM

This essay interprets the CD through the lens of the pseudonym, Dionysius the Areopagite, and the corresponding influence of Paul. First, this essay argues that the author of the CD writes under the name of Dionysius the Areopagite in order to suggest that, following Paul, he will effect a new rapprochement between the wisdom of pagan Athens and the revelation of God in Christ. Second, this essay demonstrates how crucial Paul is for Dionysius' own “apophatic anthropology,” that is, his view of how the human self that would solicit union with the “unknown God” must also become somehow “unknown.” Finally, this essay hazards a final hypothesis regarding the significance of the pseudonym: that the practice of pseudonymous writing is itself an ecstatic devotional practice in the service of “unknowing” both God and self.