不良生活方式作用途径及其控制

不良生活方式影响健康的途径包括：病从口入;生活放纵造成机体的衰竭;享受型生活方式“废用”性的机体退化;生活中的失慎与失范导致直接的伤亡;生活压力导致的机体受损;挑战生理极限的心理、生理代价．改变不良生活方式应当遵从科学的原则和一定的标准。     

什么使生活值得生活

对人为什么活着这个问题的追问和解答,是千百年来所有思想者无法回避的宿命。罗丹的著名雕塑《思想者》中那个低头沉思的人。凝眉枯坐,似有所悟。他究竟悟出了什么,我们不得而知,但可以肯定的是,他的思索一定与人生有关。哲学家维特根斯坦在其《伦理学演讲》中也曾提出过“什么使生     

设计--创造理想的生活方式

随着时代的发展,设计艺术已成为一种独立、完整的艺术形式。高品质的物质生活给人们带来高品质精神生活的渴望,这给设计艺术家们提出了更高的要求。设计只有植根于生活的土壤,才更显其生命力。从现实生活中,我们不难看到设计与我们的生活是如此的密切,以至于我们难以将它们分离。     

生活方式时代与自我保健医学

生活方式时代与自我保健医学中国医科大学（沈阳１１０００１）刘盈影响人类健康的因素很多。长期以来,人们比较重视生物、物理、化学等致病因素,却忽略了人类自身活动,即生活方式（Ｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅ）对健康的巨大影响。１９７８年美国社会医学家维克里（Ｄ·Ｖｉｃ...     

每一种生活都是芬芳的

品学兼优的梭罗从哈佛大学毕业后,没有像其他同学那样投身商海发大财,也没有跻身政界搏得一个显赫的官职,而是毅然地选择了静静的瓦尔登湖。在那远离尘嚣、远离现代文明的湖畔,他搭建了一栋简陋的小木屋,屋后栽树,屋前种菜,自己开荒种粮食,过起了近乎原始的简朴生活。当然,更多的时候,他一个人久     

工读生不良人格和行为形成的原因及教育对策

在工读学校就读的学生大部分都是行为上有偏差和心理上有缺陷的学生,对这些学生来说,除了让他们接受文化和职业技术教育以外,更重要的是重新塑造他们的人格,即矫治他们的偏差行为,使之具有健康的心理。本文主要探讨工读生一般人格和行为特征,并分析产生的原因,同时提出人格辅导的一些建议,为工读学校今后开展这方面工作提供参考。     

现代生活方式与人类疾病

现代生活方式与人类疾病西安第四军医大学基础部（７１００３２）马刚,李建军所谓现代生活方式指的是人类社会进入工业文明以后所形成的,有别于以前社会形态的基本的生活形式。现代生活方式即是现代社会经济基础在生活领域的体现。从生活方式与人类疾病的关系来看,现代...     

作为一种生活方式的哲学

在古希腊,哲学首先是一种活动,而不是静态的知识;是对智慧的爱,而不是智慧本身;是一种生活方式,而不是一个在学院被教授的学问;是提升精神的一个方法,它意味着个体存在方式的根本改变和转换。因此,在古希腊,哲学家不仅是指那些创造了哲学理论体系的人,而且包括那些实践某种哲学观念的人。此种哲学观从中世纪开始发生了根本的转换,哲学成为了一种纯粹抽象的、理论的活动,这种状况直到今天仍然没有完全改变。     

江苏民众生活方式的30年变迁

生活方式研究强调差异性。本文的研究视角以纵向的历史演进为参照,以定量和定性描述相结合的方法,对比改革开放初期到进入21世纪后,江苏城乡居民生活方式的历史轨迹,包括日常的劳动生活方式、消费生活方式、闲暇生活方式、交往生活方式以及婚姻家庭领域的前后差异及其相关特征。     

值得珍藏的音乐

买了刻录机后,总有朋友让我刻录音乐光盘。当然乐此不疲,每次多复制一份,手中就有了许多精彩音乐碟。     

A Healthy Lifestyle Program for the Treatment of Obesity in Minority Men

Historically, minority males have had limited success in programs designed to reduce weight. Twenty-five obese minority males participated in a healthy lifestyle program designed to treat essential hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes, obesity, and hypothyroidism. Coined the LE ³ AN Lifestyle Program (emphasizing healthy lifestyles, realistic exercise, reasonable expectations and emotions, attitudes, and nutrition), the program offered a treatment model that involved reasonable low-intensity short exercise regimens, instruction, and extensive practice in making healthy food choices, behavior modification, and self-monitoring techniques coupled with guidance on realistic weight loss and exercise expectations. The participants were able to lose 13 Ib during the inpatient plus day treatment phases of the program and continued to maintain a 19-lb weight loss at 12 months. A program overview, case examples, and suggestions to improve outcome efficacy with difficult to manage obese, minority, male patients are provided.     

Personality and attitudinal correlates of healthy and unhealthy lifestyles in young adults

Abstract

The relationship between healthy lifestyle and personality and attitudinal variables was analyzed with data collected from 809 men and 996 women aged 18–30 years in England, Belgium, Finland and Norway as part of the European Health and Behaviour Survey. A health practices index was constructed on the basis of performance of sixteen behaviours including smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, sleep time and a variety of dietary and preventive practices. Scores on the health practices index were higher in women than men, but in both sexes the index was normally distributed. Consistently healthy practices were positively correlated with extraversion and optimism, and negatively associated with neuroticism, psychoticism and chance locus of control beliefs. These effects were maintained after controlling for social desirability, but together accounted for only a modest proportion of the variance in the health practices index. The results are discussed in relation to the factors characterising health conscious and unhealthy lifestyles.     

张横渠人格结构学说探赜

张载是我国宋代新儒学的代表,将佛教作为批判的重点,建构起系统的哲学体系。张栽作为道学的重要开创者之一,提出了“心统性情”的人格结构学说,该文试图就张载的“心统性情”的人格结构学说、人格二重性理论及其认知心理思想进行剖析,探讨其心性学说对中国古代心性理论以及中国心理学思想的深远影响。     

Spirituality and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: Stress Counter-balancing Effects on the Well-being of Older Adults

The goal of this study was to examine stress-ameliorating effects of religiosity, spirituality, and healthy lifestyle behaviors on the stressful relationship of chronic illness and the subjective physical well-being of 221 older adults. We also investigated whether the intervening variables functioned as coping behaviors and orientations or as adaptations in late life. Guided by the stress paradigm, path analysis was used to assess these relationships in a stress suppressor model and a distress deterrent model. No suppressor effects were found; however a number of distress deterrent relationships were detected. Spirituality, physical activities, and healthy diet all contributed to higher subjective physical well-being, as counter-balancing effects, in the distress deterrent model. The findings have implications for future research on the role of spirituality, religiosity and lifestyle behaviors on the well-being of chronically ill older adults. Findings also support the need for studying different dimensions of religiosity and spirituality in an effort to understand coping versus adaptation in behaviors and orientations. Gracie H. Boswell, Ph.D., M.Ed. (Case Western Reserve University) and (M. Ed.- Kent State University). She is a Carolina Program in Health and Aging Research Scientist at the Institute on Aging- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests have been social gerontology and quality of life, emphasizing religiosity/spirituality. Eva Kahana, Ph.D. (University of Chicago) is Pierce T. and Elizabeth D. Robson Professor of Humanities and Director of the Elderly Care Research Center- Case Western Reserve University. Her research concentration has been the sociology of aging (coping & stress and institutionalization). Peggye Dilworth-Anderson, Ph.D. (Northwestern University) is Director- Center for Aging and Diversity, Institute on Aging, Professor- School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Administration at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests have been caregiving and minority health disparities.     

中学生个性因素及其与学业成就关系的探讨

研究者基于个性对个体成功具有重要影响的观点,假设中学生的个性对其学业成就具有预测性。采用儿童14种人格因素问卷对145名初中生进行测试,并对14种人格变量进行因素分析,得到了自我控制能力因素、精神状态因素、合作与创新精神因素、社会能力因素和智力性因素等5个因子。再利用这5个因子与学生的期末成绩(语、数、外总成绩)进行全纳回归分析,结果发现:与非智力的个性因素相比,智力性因素对中学生的学业成就可以进行更为有效的预测。     

近代中医困境根源探析

中医在中国应用了几千年,有着成熟的理论体系,其疗效已经被无数的历史事实所证实.但在近代,中医却开始陷入困境,其主要原因有:西医东渐的巨大冲击;日本废止汉方医的示范效应;西方科学技术的大举输入,特别是科学救国思潮的影响,中西文化论争对中西医学冲突的影响.     

临床决策偏差中的心理效应

临床决策是临床工作的核心。科学正确的临床决策是保证医疗服务质量的重要环节。现代心理学对临床决策的研究发现,由于决策双思维系统运转模式的存在,一些心理效应常常会导致临床决策出现系统性偏差或失误,这些心理效应包括易得性、拆分效应、锚定效应、框架效应、单次-重复博弈效应和后见之明效应等。医务人员了解这些心理效应的表现,熟悉它们对临床决策的潜在影响,并在进行重大临床决策时有效避免之,将会显著提升临床决策质量。     

人格因素与抑郁症

本文综述了人格因素与抑郁症之间关系的许多研究,阐述了几种人格维度、人格特质与抑郁症的发病、症状、过程、及治疗反应之间复杂的关系,并指出了以往研究中的不足之处及将来的研究方向。