共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kelly Becker 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):245-260
There’s something deeply right in the idea that knowledge requires an ability to discriminate truth from falsity. Failing
to incorporate some version of the discrimination requirement into one’s epistemology generates cases of putative knowledge
that are at best problematic. On the other hand, many theories that include a discrimination requirement thereby appear to
entail violations of closure. This prima facie tension is resolved nicely in Jonathan Schaffer’s contrastivism, which I describe
herein. The contrastivist take on relevant alternatives is implausible, however, and this then threatens to undermine contrastivism’s
anti-skeptical results.
相似文献
Kelly BeckerEmail: |
2.
Scott F. Aikin 《Argumentation》2008,22(4):571-584
There is a tension with regard to regulative norms of inquiry. One’s commitments must survive critical scrutiny, and if they
do not survive, they should be revised. Alternately, for views to be adequately articulated and defended, their proponents
must maintain a strong commitment to the views in question. A solution is proposed with the notion of holding one’s own as
the virtue of being reason-responsive with the prospects of improving the view in question.
相似文献
Scott F. AikinEmail: |
3.
Autonomy,Force and Cultural Plurality 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Monica Mookherjee 《Res Publica》2008,14(3):147-168
Within now prolific debates surrounding the compatibility of feminism and multiculturalism in liberal societies, the need
arises for a normative conception of women’s self-determination that does not violate the self-understandings or values of
women of different backgrounds and forms of life. With reference to the recent British debate about forced marriage, this
article proposes an innovative approach to this problem in terms of the idea of ‘plural autonomy’. While the capacity for
autonomy is plural, in the sense of varying across cultures, autonomy in any world-view involves a capacity to ‘endorse’ one’s
decisions in certain crucial spheres of life. Non-endorsement, coercion or force occurs if one risks being alienated from
the (cultural) goods and relationships that structure one’s capacity to act in the world. This approach counsels more caution
than prominent liberal approaches with respect to negotiating the contested boundary between freedom and force in a diverse
society.
相似文献
Monica MookherjeeEmail: |
4.
Nancy Cartwright 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(1):45-58
This paper argues that even when simple analogue models picture parallel worlds, they generally still serve as isolating tools.
But there are serious obstacles that often stop them isolating in just the right way. These are obstacles that face any model
that functions as a thought-experiment but they are especially pressing for economic models because of the paucity of economic
principles. Because of the paucity of basic principles, economic models are rich in structural assumptions. Without these
no interesting conclusions can be drawn. This, however, makes trouble when it comes to exporting conclusions from the model
to the world. One uncontroversial constraint on induction from special cases is to beware of extending conclusions to situations
that we know are different in relevant respects. In the case of economic models it is clear by inspection that the unrealistic
structural assumptions of the model are intensely relevant to the conclusion. Any inductive leap to a real situation seems
a bad bet.
相似文献
Nancy CartwrightEmail: |
5.
Restating an interlocutor’s position in an incredulous tone of voice can sometimes serve legitimate dialectical ends. However,
there are cases in which incredulous restatement is out of bounds. This article provides an analysis of one common instance
of the inappropriate use of incredulous restatement, which the authors call “modus tonens.” The authors argue that modus tonens
is vicious because it pragmatically implicates the view that one’s interlocutor is one’s cognitive subordinate and provides
a cue to like-minded onlookers that dialectical opponents are not to be treated as epistemic peers.
相似文献
Robert B. TalisseEmail: |
6.
Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explore aspects of an experimental approach to mathematical proof, most notably number crunching, or the verification of
subsequent particular cases of universal propositions. Since the rise of the computer age, this technique has indeed conquered
practice, although it implies the abandonment of the ideal of absolute certainty. It seems that also in mathematical research,
the qualitative criterion of effectiveness, i.e. to reach one’s goals, gets increasingly balanced against the quantitative
one of efficiency, i.e. to minimize one’s means/ends ratio. Our story will lead to the consideration of some limit cases,
opening up the possibility of proofs of infinite length being surveyed in a finite time. By means of example, this should
show that mathematical practice in vital aspects depends upon what the actual world is like.
相似文献
Bart Van KerkhoveEmail: |
7.
Purushottama Bilimoria 《Sophia》2008,47(3):359-376
Nietzsche represents in an interesting way the well-worn Western approach to Asian philosophical and religious thinking: initial
excitement, then neglect by appropriation, and swift rejection when found to be incompatible with one’s own tradition, whose
roots are inexorably traced back to the ‘ancient’ Greeks. Yet, Nietzsche’s philosophical critique and methods - such as ‘perspectivism’
- offer an instructive route through which to better understand another tradition even if the sole purpose of this exercise
is to perceive one’s own limitations through the eyes of the other: a self-destruktion of sorts. To help correct this shortcoming and begin the long overdue task of even-handed dialogue - or contemporary comparative
philosophy - we will be served well by looking at Nietzsche’s mistakes, which in turn informed the tragic critic of the West
of the last century, Martin Heidegger. We may learn here not to cast others in one’s own troubled image; and not to reverse
cultural icons: Europe’s Superman, and Asia’s Buddha.
相似文献
Purushottama BilimoriaEmail: |
8.
Hannah Ginsborg 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(1):65-77
I criticize recent nonconceptualist readings of Kant’s account of perception on the grounds that the strategy of the Deduction
requires that understanding be involved in the synthesis of imagination responsible for the intentionality of perceptual experience.
I offer an interpretation of the role of understanding in perceptual experience as the consciousness of normativity in the
association of one’s representations. This leads to a reading of Kant which is conceptualist, but in a way which accommodates
considerations favoring nonconceptualism, in particular the primitive character of perceptual experience relative to thought
and judgment.
相似文献
Hannah GinsborgEmail: |
9.
Daniel D. Novotny 《Axiomathes》2007,17(1):41-51
According to mentalism some existing things are endowed with (subjectively) conscious minds. According to physicalism all existing things consist entirely of physical particles in fields of force. Searle holds that mentalism and physicalism are
compatible and true—“the world is one”. The aim of this paper is to show that Searle fails to make the compatibility between
mentalism and physicalism intelligible. The paper has three parts: first, I criticize drawing an analogy between solidity
and consciousness as macro-features of systems with micro-features. Second, I argue that Searle’s defence of the ontological
irreducibility of consciousness is terminologically confused and that his argument for the trivial nature of that irreducibility
is unsuccessful. Third, I defend Nagel’s argument for the causal irreducibility of conscious minds by answering some of Searle’s
objections to it.
相似文献
Daniel D. NovotnyEmail: |
10.
Ryan LaMothe 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(4):403-416
This article addresses the dynamics of faith manifested in Christian discipleship and patriotism. Exploration of the dynamics
of faith, whether in Christian or patriotic discipleship, involves identifying the nature of the object of devotion and concomitant
expectations of one’s relationship vis-à-vis the object. From this exploration, various contradictions between Christian and
patriotic discipleship are identified. To resolve cognitive dissonance or smooth over contradictions, Christian patriots employ
several psychosocial strategies, namely, merger, weak dissociation, rationalization, and denial.
相似文献
Ryan LaMotheEmail: |
11.
Acting in our interests: Relational self-construal and goal motivation across cultures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Relationally-autonomous reasons (RARs) are motives for behavior that take into account one’s close relationships. A cross-cultural
model tested the hypotheses that (a) people with a highly relational self-construal will pursue their goals for RARs, and
(b) RARs will predict positive goal outcomes after controlling for variance explained by personally-autonomous reasons (PARs)
and social support. One hundred seventy Americans and 219 Japanese completed a well-being and self questionnaire then generated
and rated seven goals on several attributes. Results showed that relational self-construal was associated with RARs for goals.
RARs predicted effort directly and predicted progress and purpose in life indirectly for both groups. In addition, Americans
and Japanese differed in the types of goals they pursued and the degree to which social support predicted effort. Implications
for self, culture, and motivation research are discussed.
相似文献
Jonathan S. GoreEmail: |
12.
Patrizia Collard James Walsh 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(1):30-37
Sensory Awareness Mindfulness Training is a new set of skills to help clients approach a better life/work equilibrium by balancing
cognitive and emotional brain activities. This is achieved through regular connection with one’s senses and focusing non-judgementally
on the ‘here and now’ experience of life. The exercises are neither difficult to teach nor to learn; it is, however, necessary
for the practitioner and student to enter into a regular routine of implementation for change to occur. Mindfulness is, in
a nutshell, a way of being, a new life-style. Research shows that mindfulness interventions have resulted in significant improvements
in a range of conditions such as anxiety, depression, stress disorders, chronic pain, psoriasis and relapse prevention, to
mention but a few. This article gives a brief overview of using mindfulness interventions in the arena of coaching. It also
focuses and describes one small pilot project where Sensory Awareness Mindfulness Training is applied and evaluated.
相似文献
Patrizia CollardEmail: |
13.
Many spiritual traditions employ certain mental techniques (meditation) which consist in inhibiting mental activity whilst
nonetheless remaining fully conscious, which is supposed to lead to a realisation of one’s own true nature prior to habitual
self-substantialisation. In this paper I propose that this practice can be understood as a special means of becoming aware
of consciousness itself as such. To explain this claim I conduct some phenomenologically oriented considerations about the
nature of consciousness qua presence and the problem of self-presence of this presence.
相似文献
Wolfgang FaschingEmail: |
14.
Credible Worlds, Capacities and Mechanisms 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
Robert Sugden 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(1):3-27
This paper asks how, in science in general and in economics in particular, theoretical models aid the understanding of real-world
phenomena. Using specific models in economics and biology as test cases, it considers three alternative answers: that models
are tools for isolating the ‘capacities’ of causal factors in the real world; that modelling is ‘conceptual exploration’ which
ultimately contributes to the development of genuinely explanatory theories; and that models are credible counterfactual worlds
from which inductive inferences can be made. The paper argues that the ‘credible worlds’ account captures significant aspects
of scientific practice, even if many modellers see their work as conceptual exploration.
相似文献
Robert SugdenEmail: |
15.
The apparent truth of dualism and the uncanny body 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stephen Burwood 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(2):263-278
It has been suggested that our experiences of embodiment in general appear to constitute an experiential ground for dualist
philosophy and that this is particularly so with experiences of dissociation, in which one feels estranged from one’s body.
Thus, Drew Leder argues that these play “a crucial role in encouraging and supporting Cartesian dualism” as they “seem to
support the doctrine of an immaterial mind trapped inside an alien body”. In this paper I argue that as dualism does not capture
the character of such experiences there is not even an apparent separation of self and body revealed here and that one’s body
is experienced as uncanny rather than alien. The general relationship between our philosophical theorizing and the phenomenology
of lived experience is also considered.
相似文献
Stephen BurwoodEmail: |
16.
Robert Stalnaker 《Erkenntnis》2009,70(2):189-209
This is a discussion of the problem of extending the basic AGM belief revision theory to iterated belief revision: the problem
of formulating rules, not only for revising a basic belief state in response to potential new information, but also for revising
one’s revision rules in response to potential new information. The emphasis in the paper is on foundational questions about
the nature of and motivation for various constraints, and about the methodology of the evaluation of putative counterexamples
to proposed constraints. Some specific constraints that have been proposed are criticized. The paper emphasizes the importance
of meta-information—information about one’s sources of information—and argues that little of substance can be said about constraints
on iterated belief revision at a level of abstraction that lacks the resources for explicit representation of meta-information.
相似文献
Robert StalnakerEmail: |
17.
Incredible Worlds, Credible Results 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Robert Sugden argues that robustness analysis cannot play an epistemic role in grounding model-world relationships because
the procedure is only a matter of comparing models with each other. We posit that this argument is based on a view of models
as being surrogate systems in too literal a sense. In contrast, the epistemic importance of robustness analysis is easy to
explicate if modelling is viewed as extended cognition, as inference from assumptions to conclusions. Robustness analysis
is about assessing the reliability of our extended inferences, and when our confidence in these inferences changes, so does
our confidence in the results. Furthermore, we argue that Sugden’s inductive account relies tacitly on robustness considerations.
相似文献
Jaakko KuorikoskiEmail: |
18.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
相似文献
Valtteri Arstila (Corresponding author)Email: |
Kalle PihlainenEmail: |
19.
Dorit Ganson 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(3):441-458
Evidentialism is the view that facts about whether or not an agent is justified in having a particular belief are entirely
determined by facts about the agent’s evidence; the agent’s practical needs and interests are irrelevant. I examine an array
of arguments against evidentialism (by Jeremy Fantl, Matthew McGrath, David Owens, and others), and demonstrate how their
force is affected when we take into account the relation between degrees of belief and outright belief. Once we are sensitive
to one of the factors that secure thresholds for outright believing (namely, outright believing that p in a given circumstance
requires, at the minimum, that one’s degree of belief that p is high enough for one to be willing to act as if p in the circumstances),
we see how pragmatic considerations can be relevant to facts about whether or not an agent is justified in believing that
p—but largely as a consequence of the pragmatic constraints on outright believing.
相似文献
Dorit GansonEmail: |
20.
John McDowell has defended a position called minimal empiricism, that aims to avoid the oscillation between traditional empiricism’s
commitment to a set of contents working as external justifiers for our system of beliefs and a coherentist position where
our thought receives no constraint from the world. We share McDowell’s dissatisfaction with both options, but find his minimal
empiricism committed to the idea of a tribunal of experience where isolated contents are infused into our network of inferences.
This commitment is prone to sceptical attacks and waters down McDowell’s holism. We propose to retain McDowell’s partial re-enchantment
of nature—without appealing to McDowell’s Kantian conception of experience—, and argue that it is sufficient to avoid the
oscillation and to make sense of the objectivity of thought.
相似文献
Manuel Pinedo-Garcia (Corresponding author)Email: |