亲子依恋和师生关系对留守儿童内化问题的影响：同伴依恋的中介作用

为探究亲子依恋和师生关系对留守儿童内化问题的延时影响及同伴依恋在其中的中介作用,采用亲子依恋问卷、同伴依恋问卷、师生关系量表及长处与困难问卷对604名小学三年级留守儿童进行间隔半年的两次问卷调查。结果表明：师生关系负向预测留守儿童内化问题,父子依恋和母子依恋对内化问题的预测均不显著;同伴依恋在亲子依恋和师生关系与留守儿童内化问题之间均起中介作用。     

初中生应对方式与孤独感的关系研究

目的:本研究针对初中生应对方式和孤独感的关系进行分析比较,从而试图找出相应的解决手段。方法:采用问卷测量法,选取初中生被试310名,运用UCLA孤独感量表和应对方式问卷(CSQ)进行施测。结果:1男性初中生较之女性初中生有较高的孤独感2担任班委与非担任班委的初中生在孤独感上有显著的差异,担任班委与非担任班委的初中生在求助和解决问题维度上有显著的差异3应对方式的各个维度均与孤独感有显著的相关,孤独感和求助、问题解决存在显著的负相关(p0.01),和自责、幻想、退避、合理化存在显著的正相关(p0.01)。4求助和问题解决对孤独感有显著的负向预测作用,自责对孤独感有显著的正向预测作用。结论:初中生应对方式和孤独感之间关系研究为初中生孤独感的干预提供了一个崭新的视角和有效的科学依据。     

初中生的心理健康与父母依恋、同伴依恋的关系

目的:探讨初中生的心理健康与父母依恋、同伴依恋的关系。方法:以心理健康诊断测验(MHT)、父母和同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)对598名初中生进行测试。结果:MHT总分与父亲疏远、母亲疏远、同伴疏远呈正相关,与父亲信任、母亲信任、同伴信任、父亲交流、母亲交流、同伴交流呈负相关;同伴疏远、父亲疏远对MHT总分有正向预测作用,母亲信任、父亲信任对MHT总分有负向预测作用。结论:初中生的心理健康与父母依恋、同伴依恋有一定的关系。     

听障青少年父母依恋、人格特质与孤独感的相关研究

通过对120名听障青少年施测艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、儿童孤独量表（CLS）和父母同伴依恋问卷（IPPA）,探讨听障青少年父母依恋、人格特质与孤独感之间的关系.研究结果表明,父亲依恋沟通、信任、疏离均与孤独感呈显著负相关,而母亲依恋仅沟通维度与孤独感呈负相关,信任和疏离与孤独感相关不显著.在人格特质上,仅内外向维度与孤独感呈显著负相关.另外,内外向分别与父亲沟通和母亲沟通呈显著正相关.中介效应检验发现,内外向在父母沟通与孤独感之间存在部分中介效应作用,说明父母沟通能直接影响听障青少年孤独感的形成,同时也可通过内外向间接影响孤独感.     

初中生班级团体依恋、自悯与学习倦怠的关系

本研究采用青少年学习倦怠量表、班级团体依恋问卷、自悯量表、青少年父母同伴依恋问卷、生活满意度量表、和自编学业满意度问题对658名初中生进行问卷调查,考察当代初中生对其所在班级的团体依恋和自悯与学习倦怠之间的关系,并检验自悯在班级团体依恋和学习倦怠关系中的中介作用。结果发现：在控制了人口学变量、父母依恋、同伴依恋、学业满意度和生活满意度之后,（1）班级团体依恋焦虑和回避均能显著正向预测学习倦怠;（2）自悯显著负向预测学习倦怠;（3）自悯在班级团体依恋焦虑和学习倦怠的关系中起到完全中介的作用,而在班级团体依恋回避和学习倦怠的关系中起部分中介的作用。研究结果对于从班级团体依恋和自悯的角度理解中学生学习倦怠具有重要意义。     

负性生活事件与初中生内化问题：反刍思维的中介作用与同伴依恋的调节作用

基于素质-压力模型及依恋的内部工作模式理论,研究考察了反刍思维在负性生活事件与初中生内化问题关系中的中介作用,以及同伴依恋的调节作用。研究从武汉和商丘两所初中三个年级共选取800名初中生,采用问卷法对其负性生活事件、反刍思维、同伴依恋及抑郁和焦虑情况进行调查。结果显示：(1)在控制性别、年龄、年级、独生与否后,负性生活事件对初中生抑郁和焦虑均具有显著正向预测作用;(2)反刍思维能够在负性生活事件与抑郁和焦虑的关系中起中介作用;(3)反刍思维在负性生活事件与初中生抑郁、焦虑关系中的中介作用会受到同伴依恋的调节;(4)同伴依恋能够调节负性生活事件与抑郁之间的关系,但在负性生活事件与焦虑之间的调节作用不显著。研究结果揭示了负性生活事件对青少年内化问题产生影响的心理机制,为引导青少年提升同伴依恋水平,促进心理健康发展提供了有益建议。     

亲子依恋与农村留守青少年焦虑的关系:教师支持的保护作用

本研究以306名父外留守、147名双留守和288名非留守青少年为被试,以亲子依恋问卷、领悟社会支持量表和儿童焦虑量表为研究工具,考察了亲子依恋与留守青少年焦虑的关系以及教师支持的保护作用。结果发现：（1）双留守青少年的母子依恋、父子依恋安全性显著低于,焦虑水平显著高于父外留守和非留守青少年,后两组青少年之间差异不显著;（2）安全性母子依恋能降低父外留守青少年的焦虑水平,安全性父子依恋能降低非留守和双留守青少年的焦虑水平;（3）安全性母子依恋能补偿不安全父子依恋对父外留守青少年焦虑的影响;（4）教师支持既能降低非留守和双留守青少年的焦虑水平,也能增强安全性父子依恋对父外留守青少年焦虑的保护作用。     

创伤暴露程度对青少年物质滥用的影响：创伤后应激障碍与依恋的中介作用

为了考察汶川地震后青少年的创伤暴露程度、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、父母依恋和同伴依恋与物质滥用之间的关系,采用创伤暴露程度问卷、儿童创伤后应激障碍症状量表、父母与同伴依恋问卷和物质滥用问卷对汶川县和茂县的1435名中学生进行调查,选取有物质滥用的青少年354名作为本研究的对象。结果发现：创伤暴露程度可以直接正向预测作用物质滥用。不过,在创伤暴露与物质滥用直接关系之间加入PTSD、父母和同伴依恋之后,创伤暴露程度对物质滥用的直接预测作用不再显著,并且创伤暴露程度不能通过同伴依恋预测物质滥用,也不能通过PTSD经同伴依恋对物质滥用发挥多重中介作用;但创伤暴露程度能通过PTSD正向预测物质滥用,可以通过父母依恋负向预测物质滥用,并且创伤暴露程度还可以通过PTSD经过父母依恋对物质滥用发挥正向的多重中介作用。     

农村初中留守儿童心理健康问题研究

采用心理健康诊断测验和青少年心理健康素质量表对湖南省祁阳县两所农村初级中学280名学生进行整群抽样调查,结果表明:(1)留守初中生与非留守初中生在心理健康水平上存在显著差异,留守初中生出现更多的孤独倾向、自责倾向、过敏倾向和身体症状;(2)不同性别留守儿童在心理健康状态上存在显著差异,女生的心理健康水平低于男生;(3)留守初中生与非留守初中生在心理健康素质上不存在显著差异,除应对分量表外,各分量表得分都低于全国常模水平。     

青少年同伴依恋对抑郁的影响:朋友社会支持和自尊的中介作用

为探讨青少年同伴依恋与抑郁的关系,以及社会支持和自尊在二者关系中的作用机制,采用父母和同伴依恋问卷(IPPA)中的同伴依恋分量表、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、自尊量表(SES)和流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)对668名中学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)青少年同伴依恋、朋友社会支持和自尊两两之间呈显著正相关,且三者与抑郁均呈显著负相关。(2)青少年同伴依恋不仅能直接负向预测抑郁,而且还能通过自尊的单独中介作用对抑郁产生影响;朋友社会支持的单独中介作用以及社会支持→自尊的链式中介作用在初、高中生群体中存在差异,即在初中生群体中,同伴依恋能够通过社会支持的单独中介作用以及社会支持→自尊的链式中介作用对抑郁产生影响,而在高中生群体中,这两种间接作用均不显著。研究结果揭示了青少年同伴依恋对抑郁产生影响的心理机制,为引导青少年建立良好的同伴依恋,促进自尊及心理健康发展提供了有益建议。     

大学生自我价值感的领域权变性与应对方式

对124名大学本科生进行了问卷调查,结果表明:(1)总的来说,大学生的自我价值感更多地权变于道德原则,在应对方式的使用频度上依次是解决问题、求助、幻想、合理化、退避、自责。在人际接纳权变性以及解决问题和退避应对方式上存在显著的性别差异;(2)在控制了自我价值感的情况下,多元线性回归分析表明,人际接纳权变性能够负向预测解决问题,正向预测求助、自责、退避、幻想;而个人目标权变性能负向预测解决问题、求助,正向预测自责;道德原则权变性正向预测解决问题。     

手机依赖与青少年心理健康的关系:学业倦怠的中介作用和应对方式的调节作用

为探讨青少年手机依赖、学业倦怠、应对方式与心理健康的关系及作用机制,采用手机依赖指数量表、初中生学习倦怠问卷、简易应对方式问卷和SCL-90心理症状自评量表,对黑龙江、天津、山东、河南、江西8所高校的在校大学生以及河南省2所初中、2所高中的中学生共1191名青少年进行测查。结构方程模型的分析结果表明:(1)手机依赖对青少年心理健康有显著的负向预测作用;(2)学业倦怠在手机依赖和心理健康之间发挥部分中介作用;(3)消极应对方式调节了手机依赖通过学业倦怠影响青少年心理健康中介作用的后半段路径,相对于低消极应对的青少年,中介作用在高消极应对的青少年中更显著。该研究结果对维护和促进手机移动互联网时代青少年心理健康具有积极启示意义。     

青少年父母、同伴依恋与社会适应性的关系

对519个初、高中生施测青少年父母同伴依恋量表(IPPA)、自尊(SES)、中学生社会适应性量表,以探讨青少年父母、同伴依恋的现状,以及它们和自尊、社会适应之间的关系.结果表明:(1)青少年总体依恋质量较高.同伴的依恋质量高于父母依恋质量.(2)青少年的父母依恋在性别上没有差异;女生的同伴依恋得分显著高于男生.父母依恋的发展呈先降后升的趋势,初一年级最高,初三年级最低;同伴依恋呈先升后降再升趋势,但未见显著差异.(3)父亲依恋对青少年的心理弹性预测力最强,母亲依恋对心理优势感预测力最强,同伴依恋对人际适应性预测力最强.这种影响通过自尊的部分中介作用而实现.     

学习积极性的心理分析

学习积极性是学生在学习活动中的一种自觉的能动的心理状态。从儿童出生来到这个陌生的世界,他们就不断地和环境相互作用,接受客观现实中的各种刺激并作出相应的应答活动。随着年龄的增长和身心的发展,儿童对周围事物产生强烈的好奇心和旺盛的求知欲。但是,为什么在学校里,有的学生对学习表现出很大的积极性,有的学生却不愿意学习,觉得学习是个沉重的负担,毫无积极性呢?学生的学习积极性究竟从何而来呢?本文仅从心理学的角度对学生的学习积极性谈一谈个人的认识。     

个人取向勇气对中学生学业成就的影响:问题解决和求助应对方式的中介作用

采用整群抽样法选取山西、云南、重庆地区的1100名中学生作为研究对象,通过心理量表和学科测验获取其个人取向勇气、应对方式、学业成就的数据,探讨个人取向勇气对中学生学业成就的影响及其中介机制。结构方程建模结果表明：中学生的个人取向勇气与学业成就之间显著正相关,问题解决应对方式、求助应对方式在个人取向勇气影响中学生学业成就的过程中起中介作用。研究结果揭示了勇气水平较高的中学生更倾向采用问题解决和求助两种应对方式,从而取得较大的学业成就,这对中学教育工作者开展勇气品格培养和学业成就提升的教育实践有重要启示。     

The medical context of parental coping with childhood cancer

This research assessed the extent to which contextual factors, especially the medical context, are related to the use of specific coping strategies by 74 parents of surviving children with cancer. Parents reported that they coped reasonably well by using information-seeking, problem-solving, help-seeking, maintaining emotional balance, relying on religion, being optimistic, denying, and accepting. More highly educated parents tended to use problem solving, optimism, and information seeking significantly more and denial significantly less than well-educated parents. However, gender and income were unrelated to coping. The use of specific coping strategies was not related to severity of the child's medical condition, stress level, or parents' own evaluations of their coping effectiveness. However, the quality of relations with the medical staff was strongly related to coping strategies. Use of passive coping strategies was positively related to good relations with the medical staff.     

Between a rock and a hard place? Locus of control,religious problem-solving and psychological help-seeking

Drawing on a college and community sample, this study utilised hierarchical multiple regression to examine the relative contributions of demographic variables, psychological treatment experience, religious service attendance, locus of control, and religious problem-solving style in predicting attitudes towards psychological help-seeking. Women, those holding a graduate degree, and those with treatment experience held more positive attitudes towards psychological help-seeking. While neither the locus of control nor religious problem-solving scales alone were related to help-seeking, several significant interaction effects were observed. God-centred locus of control was a positive predictor of psychological help-seeking, but only for older participants. Chance locus of control was a negative predictor, but only for graduate degree holders. Last, self-directing religious problem-solving style was a negative predictor, especially for individuals also endorsing a deferring religious problem-solving style. Perhaps the composition of the sample – largely educated, religious African-American women – gives some insight into the complex nature of these results.     

Attachment styles,shame, guilt,and collaborative problem-solving orientations

The present study explored relations among adult attachment styles, shame- and guilt-proneness, and several measures of relationship problem-solving attitudes and behaviors. Participants were 142 undergraduates (32 males, 110 females) who completed both categorical and continuous measures of adult attachment, as well as self-report measures of the other constructs under investigation. Most participants (93%) were currently involved in either exclusive or casual dating relationships at the time of the study. Controlling for respondents’dating status, results indicated that participants’attachment styles were significantly related to both shame-proneness and collaborative problem-solving, Preoccupied and fearful students were more shame-prone than were their secure and dismissive peers, and secure participants reported significantly higher collaboration scores relative to their fearful counterparts. As expected, shame and guilt scores were differentially related to collaborative problem-solving, and participants’attachment security significantly moderated observed shame-guilt correlations. Finally, respondents’guilt and shame scores partly mediated observed relations between adult attachment styles and collaborative problem-solving orientations.     

Interplay between Attachment to Peers and Parents in Korean Adolescents’ Behavior Problems

The present study investigated the relative contribution of style of peer attachment (secure, anxious, avoidant) and quality of attachment to parents on behavior problems in Korean adolescents. In addition, we examined the role of paternal and maternal attachment separately as a potential moderator in the relationship between style of peer attachment and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Middle school students (245 males, 209 females) completed the Korean version of the Adolescent Friendship Attachment Scale, Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment-Revised, and Youth Self-Report. Attachment to peers and parents as predictors of behavior problems were tested via hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results revealed that anxious peer attachment remained the strongest predictor of behavior problems among adolescents (internalizing behavior problems β?=?.18, p?<?.01; externalizing behavior problems β?=?.21, p? <?.001), indicating the relative importance of peer relationship compared to attachment to parents. Paternal attachment significantly moderated the relationship between avoidant peer attachment and externalizing behavior problems (β?=?.15, p?<?.05), even when the main effect of avoidant peer attachment on externalizing behavior problems was not significant. Results highlight the role of both attachments to peers and parents on adolescents’ psychological adjustment.     

An exploration of the influence of dispositional traits and appraisal on coping strategies in African American college students

This study explored the correlates of self-reported coping strategies from both an appraisal (e.g., severity, impact, desirability of the event, as well as perceived stress) and a dispositional (e.g., preferred/typical coping style, self-concept clarity, self-esteem, emotion regulation, problem-solving style, anxiety) perspective. Participants were 211 African American undergraduate and graduate students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The results indicated that dispositional traits (especially problem-solving style) are associated uniquely with preferred/typical coping styles. The results also provided modest evidence that dispositional traits and subjects' appraisals (e.g., challenge, harm/threat, impact) are predictive of subjects' coping strategies in specific ongoing stressful situations. The general findings from this study appear to mirror research on Caucasian subjects.