Utilisation d'une analyse de discours dans l'étude d'un cas de dédoublement de personnalité

The object of this article is to study the contribution of a discourse analysis software in comprehension of a case of dissociate personality disorder. Results obtained inform about the psychopathology of this case and give certain elements useful for the diagnostic discussion.     

Validation de l'adaptation française de l'échelle de dépendance à l'exercice physique : l'EDS-R

The research purpose is to examine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability and factorial validity of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), translate into French language. Three studies, containing 965 persons, are undertaken to accomplish these purpose. Participants have completed the EDS-R. Adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability for the scale are evidenced in the two first studies. Confirmatory analysis (Lisrel) in study 3 supported a correlated seven-factor model, the model fit are acceptable (TLI = 0,93; CFI = 0,94; RMSEA = 0,062; SRMR = 0,06). These studies provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the EDS-R into French. Language. This instrument can be thus used in the clinical and studies framework on the exercise dependence.     

Études des caractéristiques de l'utilisateur,de la tâche et de l'interface en réalité virtuelle

The increase of virtual reality application and its use into new fields (training, entertainment and health) point up the difficulty for users to be efficient with this new technology. In order to understand these inter-individual differences, we have studied the impact of the task, the interface and the users' characteristics on this performance. For the task, we have focused on manipulation and travel tasks. For the interface, we have studied the impact of the screen size on the performance and finally with regard to the user, we have focused on the impact of working memory and spatial capacities on performance. Our results show a performance gain on large screen whatever the task. They show that the users' spatial capacities predicted the performance, particularly for the tasks realized on a small screen. We conclude that a large screen is a cognitive aid that permits a high level of performance.     

La soumission librement consentie au service de la socialisation de l'Âgé

Desocialisation of the Aged leads to physical and psychic pathologies (Pellissier, 2003). Some old age homes propose to their residents to participate in social activities in order to counter the loss of social roles. However more than half of them never attend these activities. In study 1 (before and after experimental design) and in study 2 (control and experimental design), free compliance procedures (Joule et Beauvois, 1998, 2002) turn out to be useful for helping residents to get out of their isolation: performing both the "But you are free of…" procedure (Guéguen et Pascual, 2000) and the "touching" one (Kleinke, 1977) leads more residents to express the intention to participate in the proposed activity, and to actually participate.     

Actualité de l'addiction et nécessaire retour au travail de mémoire

Our thesis is that the international psychiatric classifications (DSM-IV, CIM-10) have simply neglected the topical issue of the addiction concept. Indeed, because they are merely based on statistics, they organised the treatments on a political basis while obliterating the true therapeutic approach of the patient's deep suffering. On the other hand, the Humanist tradition issued from Pinel's work two centuries ago and continued by Freud, has questioned this social angst and promoted an interdisciplinary approach where medical, social and psychological realities converge. Relying on psychoanalytic data, we claim that only a work on memory based on a clinical approach which is tailored to suit the patient's particular requirements while taking into account his (past) experience can help him overcome his own tendencies and actions. Finally, we propose some therapeutic directions toward a “necessity to build history”.     

Définition de la qualité de vie par des personnes âgées

Semi structured interviews about Quality of Life were conducted with 19 elder persons in France. After performing text analyses of these interviews, 10 dimensions of Quality of Life from the own elder people perspective were defined. Subsequently, from these dimensions, four profiles of quality of life were obtained using the cluster analyses. These profiles of quality of life were discussed in terms of style of adaptation.     

Le processus de diagnostic de maladie d'Alzheimer : l'annonce et la relation médecin–malade

Because of social and personal implications, disclosing an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis to a person is not a simple task for a physician. Positions stated in medical literature and in the legal framework converge towards the idea of informing patients in a clear and detailed manner. The researcher conducted 23 semi-structured interviews involving hospital heathcare providers, majoritarily physicians, in France and Quebec. These interviews show that practices vary according to modes of doctor/patient relationships, representations of Alzheimer's disease, and the organization of the professional sector. Because of the length of the disease and the effects on patients, the issue of disclosing the diagnosis opens a discussion about how to accompany and care for patients and their families in the course of time.     

Construction et validation de l'Échelle de motivation à avoir un enfant (EMAE)

This article presents the results of two studies designed to develop and validate the Motivation to have a Child Scale (MCS). According to self-determination theory (STD; Deci, Ryan, 1985, 1991, 2000), it is proposed that the MCS measures 5 types of motivation: intrinsic motivation, three forms of extrinsic motivation (identification, introjection and external regulation) and amotivation. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of the scale. In addition, results reveal that the MCS subscales display satisfactory internal consistency values. Finally, the construct validity of the MCS is supported by a series of correlational analyses among the five subscales, as well as among these five subscales and some variables relevant to parenthood (e.g.: perceptions of parental autonomy and parental self-efficacy). In sum, the present results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the MCS. A general discussion on the theoretical and methodological contributions of the scale toward motivation and parenthood domains is presented.     

Les relations entre l'implication au travail,les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle et l'intention de retrait

The relationship between job involvement and organizational citizenship behaviours and between organizational citizenship behaviours and withdrawal intent (intent to quit and intent to absenteeism) are slightly well-documented. The purpose of this paper was to associated job involvement, organizational citizenship behaviours and withdrawal intent to examined their relationship. An empirical study was made using a sample of 252 employees. Data showed that job involvement predict most of citizenship behaviours (helping behaviour, civic virtue, sportsmanship) except altruism. Citizenship behaviours have significant and negative impact on intent to quit. More precisely, civic virtue and altruism predict only intent to absenteeism, while sportsmanship predict simultaneously intent to quit and intent to absenteeism. At last, helping behaviors predict neither intent to quit nor intent to absenteeism. Managerial and theoretical implications and limits of the study are discussed.     

Les effets de variables psychosociales sur l'intention d'adolescents obèses de changer leurs comportements

We investigate whether psychosocial factors affect intentions from French obese adolescents to change their habits related to nutrition and physical activities. 32 overweight adolescents (age: 10-14y, BMI: M = 27 kg/m²) participating to a program prevention of obesity, answered to pre-test and post-test measures of psychosocial factors (outcome expectancies for self and for other, perceived control, self-efficacy, intention behavior) and of factors related to obesity (BMI, nutrition knowledge, nibbling and television activities). Outcome expectancies and perceived control are positively predictive of intention to change behavior. Conversely, BMI and self-efficacy are negatively predictive of intention to change habits related to nutrition and physical activities. These results are related to difficulties from the subjects to implement their intention with concrete goals.     

Les erreurs commises lors de la résolution du problème source favorisent-elles le transfert analogique ? Un réexamen de la recherche de Gick et McGarry (1992)

Gick and McGarry (1992) show that inducing source problem difficulty by reducing the salience of its structural elements improves analogical transfer. According to them, this result is explained by similarities between mistakes made when solving the difficult source and target mistakes. In this study, we replicate Gick and McGarry study in order to do an analysis, not made by the authors, in the aim of testing the role of mistakes in analogical transfer. Our results replicate the effects Gick and McGarry observed, but show that theses effects are not explained by mistakes made on the source problem.     

Influencer les jugements de l'adversaire au cours des interactions sportives compétitives : un exemple en tennis de table

This study analysed the masking activity of table tennis players, and any activity attempting to influence opponent's perceptions. We studied the activity of five French table tennis players during national matches in reference to the course of action theory (Theureau, 1992). Matches were videotaped, and the players' verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The data were analysed by 1) transcribing the players' actions and verbalizations, 2) decomposing their activity into elementary units of meaning, and 3) analysing the meaningful structures of the course of action. The results showed that a large part of the table tennis players activity attempts to influence opponent's judgments. This activity aims to 1) modify the opponent's emotional experience, and 2) influence the opponent's perception of adversarial relationship. It is expressed through strokes and behaviors not related to the game. Our results lead to a new perspective of table tennis matches analysis in term of collective activity and “shared context” (Salembier and Zouinar, 2004).     

Appropriation de l'espace et satisfaction au travail. Étude auprès du personnel travaillant en institut universitaire de technologie

The present research aims at defining the process of space appropriation developed by the Technical Institute workers and at appraising its impact on the satisfaction at work. 136 workers answered a questionnaire locating (a) spatial appropriation by using two indicators, the appropriation of the IUT and that of the office and (b) job satisfaction by using two indicators, satisfaction at work and satisfaction related to the workspace. The results underline the differentiated impact of space appropriation on the indicators of satisfaction, in particular pointing at the predicting power of the indicators of space appropriation of the office and the "Environmental Stimulation" dimension of the space appropriation scale on the satisfaction related to the workspace.     

Prévenir les troubles de la cognition spatiale chez l'enfant atteint d'IMC : apports de la biomécanique du mouvement

Because the lesion occurs when the cerebral system did not complete its maturation, one cannot envisage the consequence of a cerebral palsy on the motor development nor on the psychological development. To successed in the modelization of the motricity of children with cerebral palsy, the theorical approaches of the biomechanic of movment are relevant rather than approaches of neurosciences in which the movement is the product of a central programming. The aim of the paper is to show an original way of work for the investigation of the nature of the link which exists between the quality of the gesture production and the space organization disorders. If this link is confirmed we will be able to care in a preventive way in young children with cerebral palsy. It will be possible to identify precociously the motor patterns and to consider the accompaniment and the shoring of the motor experience.     

Quel cadre pour les groupes d'analyse de la pratique ?

The article recounts an uncommon experience in which analysis of clinical situations in a group setting is led and animated by a psychologist who is a member of the same institution as the group of personnel requesting the clinical analysis. Due to the fact that the psychologist is also a member of the institution, this setting seems to go against the psychoanalytical theory, which serves as the main reference for this type of analysis. However, the author hypothesizes that this type of setting may allow a genuine process of subjective elaboration, provided that certain conditions are established in order to respect the principles of "transitional analysis" as defined by D. Anzieu. In this way, it is possible to respond to certain situations, which are organized by experiences or impressions of the "basic default" as theorized by M. Balint, and presented as very little differentiated request.     

Étude de la structure d'un test de jugement pratique par l'analyse géométrique des données

This paper reports the results of the multivariate analysis of a situational judgement test (problem-situations contextualized with multiple choice questions) used as a tool to recruit highway patrollers. The main goal was to study the structure of the test. To do so, we carried out a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) over 849 participants' answers to twelve questions. This analysis has highlighted three main dimensions in the test, which we named "hierarchy" (axis 1), "discernment" (axis 2) and "safety" (axis 3). The score, calculated according to expert criteria, yields an overall assessment of candidates, while the MCA allows a more varied diagnosis, that takes into account the dimensions underlying the test as well as individual differences.     

Sur la différenciation des aptitudes cognitives de l'enfant

Data from the standardization sample of a French intelligence scale for children aged from 4 to 9 years (Échelles Différentielles d'Efficiences Intellectuelles) were examined to verify the ability differentiation hypothesis. The whole sample (n = 574) was divided into three age groups (4–5, 6–7 and 8–9 years) and multisample confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results showed that correlations between subtests, factor loadings, correlation between factors, and residual variance of subtests were similar across age groups. This finding doesn't seem to be the consequence of a sampling bias or a positive correlation between age and reliability or variability of subtest scores. Like results of other recent research on this question, it challenges the hypothesis of a differentiation of abilities during childhood, at least when studies are conducted with intellectual composite scales applied to unselected samples of participants.     

Validation de l'échelle de mémoire transactive en langue française et adaptation au contexte académique

This study presents a validation of a French version of the Transactive Memory Scale (TMS, Lewis 2003) adapted to educational context. The system of transactive memory refers to three distinct components: coordination, credibility and specialization. Studies using this scale confirm the importance of this construct on the group processes and collective performance. The results of this study, among a field sample of 45 learning groups (N = 180), indicated that the French TMS scale adapted in an educational context is internally consistent, and had good convergent, predictive and discriminant validity. These findings provide a valuable instrument that managers can use to better understand and regulate the coordination between members of their work-teams.     

Le passage de haies : de la réalité sportive en heptathlon à la réalité subjective d'Emma

The major dimension of this article is to point out the importance of psychological follow-up with sporting teenagers. Emma's example illustrates the inherent transitions from this period of age in the specific context of the high level sport. For Emma, the passage of hurdle becomes the metaphor of its psychical conflict. The counter performance which appears in the passage of hurdle announces its ambivalence with regard to its personal history within realities of sport cultures. This making sense of the sporting problems within the framework of the psychological follow-up can help to exceed this difficulty of passage and to support its engagement like subject of its own desire on the way of its realization in the sporting act.