Environmental annoyances: an urban-specific threat to quality of life?

Two questions are at the bases of this paper: (1) what is the importance of environmental features among all other factors contributing to threaten the individual's quality of life, and (2) are cities perceived as being worse than rural environments in terms of environmental quality? In order to respond to these questions, a French version of the Lazarus Hassle scale has been published in an issue of the periodic “Science et Vie”. 1791 individuals from all parts of France sent in their responses. Results show that environmental features are among the most severe hassles of daily life in French population. They are the most often mentioned and the highest ranked items. Looking at the size of the place of residence, it appears that inhabitants of rural areas do not consider themselves significantly less exposed to stressors like noise, air pollution, traffic problems or criminality than Parisians or inhabitants of other big agglomerations, and they do not feel significantly less irritated, frustrated or anxious by environmental problems, than others. In terms of people–environment relations, the results suggest that, whatever the objective environmental condition, people feel stressed by environmental problems, which indicates that the awareness of such issues seem to be at least partly dependent on normative social constructs.     

Homeworking and work-life balance: does it add to quality of life?

Work–life balance has recently emerged as part of a wider focus on quality of life issues. This paper adopts a personal well-being approach to the quality of life suggesting that a positive relation between self and place is essential to well being. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential contribution of homeworking to the quality of life. This paper draws from a recent study of homeworkers, funded by the ESRC. Interviews and questionnaire data are presented, with 123 homeworkers and 371 women working in the North East. The paper concludes by suggesting the benefits of flexible working are equally experienced and are differentiated by gender and type of work.     

Correction to: Expanding Nallur’s Landscape of Machine Implemented Ethics

Science and Engineering Ethics - Due to an unfortunate miscommunication with the copy editor an important reference was omitted from this recently published article. The reference that should be...     

Is personality stable in adolescence? Disentangling time-invariant and time-varying factors of personality in a trait–state–occasion model

This study applied trait–state–occasion (TSO) modelling to investigate the extent to which inter-individual differences in personality were accounted for by time-invariant and time-varying factors during adolescence. The participants were 753 high school students, and only 661 students were followed for 4 years. The mean age in the first year was 15.23 years and 52.8% were females. The results showed that the full TSO model had the best representation of adolescent personality, and the means of the proportions of variance explained by trait factors for the Big Five ranged between 56% and 83%, suggesting that inter-individual differences in personality are mainly accounted for by stable trait variance over the course of adolescence. Furthermore, the five dimensions of personality differed not only in the amounts of trait variance but also in the stability of time-varying factors. These findings have significant implications for personality research.     

Does the campaign against tobacco use necessarily reduce the attractions of smoking for young people? Identity issues surrounding initiation into tobacco consumption

The present study examines the attitude of Swiss adolescents towards tobacco consumption as a function of its implications for identity and their perception of the antismoking social norm. A total of 228 girls and 213 boys, aged 11–15 years, answered a questionnaire assessing personal attitude towards tobacco consumption (the main dependent variable), the salience of the antismoking norm (perceived attitudes of family, teachers, politicians and society in general), and their identification with smokers, as well as their self-image and their perception of the image (positive and negative) of smokers. The results show that a prosmoking attitude is associated with a stronger identification with smokers, a more positive (and less negative) image of smokers, a more negative self-image, and weaker salience of the antismoking norm. A pro-smoking attitude is also associated with a self-image that is closer to the image of the smoker, independently of the latter's valence. Finally, a prosmoking attitude is associated with a negative self-image specifically among those who identify more strongly with smokers but who also perceived a strong antismoking norm. This last result suggests that a strong antismoking norm can help to make smoking an attractive behaviour for young people, in particular those with a negative self-image.     

Sentence-reversion-based thought record (SRBTR): a new strategy to deal with “yes,but…” dysfunctional thoughts in cognitive therapy

The Dysfunctional Thought Record (DTR) is an effective and useful worksheet, widely used in cognitive therapy (CT), to help patients respond to automatic thoughts (ATs) and to change negative mood states. Some clients, however, seem not to improve with the use of the original DTR proposed by Beck et al. (1979). Padesky and Greenberger (1995) added two evidence columns to the original five-column DTR in order to generate more balanced alternative thoughts. In this paper, I present a case report and propose a modified thought record to deal especially with “yes, but…” dysfunctional thoughts.     

The relation of master and disciple against the background of Józef M. Bocheński’s logic of authority

Studies in East European Thought - The aim of this article is to apply Józef M. Bocheński’s logic of authority to a key interpersonal relation of philosophical interest: the...     

Les études des relations sociales précoces : sommes-nous trop « sécure » avec l'attachement ou trop « attaché » à la sécurité ?

During the past thirty years, empirical research has amply demonstrated the central role of early mother-child relations for subsequent social, cognitive and affective development. However, this confirmation of the vital role of primary attachment for later personal development has been accompanied by a relative neglect of the contribution of other social partners to the emerging competence of the young child. A critical review of the attachment literature underscores the need to replace the monotropic model of primary attachment by a more systemic model of development within the polyadic context of the family. For both theoretical and empirical reasons, a social ecological approach to early development permits overcoming the prosocial, positivistic biases of a single dimension, dyadic model of early socialization. The formulation of more systemic, multi-dimensional models of early family relations promises to advance our understanding of the complex adaptive processes that serve as developmental foundations for children’s emerging interpersonal competence.     

Utilisation d'un hypermédia et apprentissage : deux activités concurrentes ou complémentaires ?

This article presents a review of the empirical literature about the use of hypermedia for learning. It uses the cognitive load theory as a framework to interpreter the results. This framework enables us to structure the review in four main parts, corresponding to the principal sources of the variations of the cognitive cost: the hypermedia, the learner, the leaning task, and the using task, and to their under-components. According to us, the user of an hypermedia for learning carries out a learning activity and a hypermedia using activity, the first being the goal, the second being the means and representing a specific overcost. We propose to interpret the data observed not in reference to a linear correlation training-use but in reference to the implication training-use.     

Quel type d'approche scientifique pour la description de la personnalité ?

The purpose of the introduction to the special issue “scientific approaches of personality: challenges and controversies” is to present three different approaches to the scientific study of personality and personality judgment: the factorial approach, psychosocial approach, personality assessment at the level of the individual. The theoretical foundations of each field are exposed in the first part of the introduction. In the second part, we present the articles that compose this special issue.     

Quel cadre pour les groupes d'analyse de la pratique ?

The article recounts an uncommon experience in which analysis of clinical situations in a group setting is led and animated by a psychologist who is a member of the same institution as the group of personnel requesting the clinical analysis. Due to the fact that the psychologist is also a member of the institution, this setting seems to go against the psychoanalytical theory, which serves as the main reference for this type of analysis. However, the author hypothesizes that this type of setting may allow a genuine process of subjective elaboration, provided that certain conditions are established in order to respect the principles of "transitional analysis" as defined by D. Anzieu. In this way, it is possible to respond to certain situations, which are organized by experiences or impressions of the "basic default" as theorized by M. Balint, and presented as very little differentiated request.     

Demenz – Ein syndromatologisches Chamäleon

psychopraxis. neuropraxis - Wir präsentieren den Fall eines Patienten, bei dem nur durch eine jahrelange Verlaufskontrolle eine relativ exakte Diagnosestellung möglich war. Der Patient...     

La formation en psychologie : du savoir à la culture

What do we exactly do, when we use academic studies to train a psychologist? This paper explores the idea that, besides transmitting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, we accompany the students through an intense identity reorganisation, a migration crisis which for them is implied by the discovery of the psychological culture. It is based upon the author's practice, as a psychologist and teacher, with mature students, whose experience constitutes a magnifiying glass to understand the process of this reorganization. Along this way, psychological knowledge cannot be envisioned only as an object to be transmitted, but as an object to be constructed: the model of knowledge acquisition is transformed into a model of reinforcement of thought.     

Analyse de l'activité et mouvements dialogiques dans le cadre de l'instruction au sosie

In this paper, the author is interested in two questions: how to impulse the analysis of the activity in a developmental way for the subjects involved? Which scientific knowledge is useful to explain and understand such a process? Based on Vygotski's work, for whom thought undergoes many changes as it turns into speech, we will first suggest to transform the point of view on “what is difficult to say” for the subjects in work analysis to consider it as resources for the analysis. In the continuity of Vygotski's work, we try to understand what constitutes the heart of this development process, in particular the nature of the changes between internal and external language. We will then present the method called “instructions to the double” as it is taken up in our research team “Clinique de l'Activité”. Finally, analyzing a piece of instructions to the double realized by an employee in a group of social workers dedicated to professional integration, we will identify the dialogical movements present in the analysis process. Bakhtin becomes then an essential reference to understand the migrations of the thought.