大流行性流感:古老的疾病,人类的灾难

300年来,有10次全球性流感大流行。流感大流行有一定的周期性、不可预见性、灾害性、持久性,至今人类依然没有找到准确预见、避免一场新的流感大流行的良策。2003年末以来,高致病性H5N1禽流感呈现前所未有的暴发,席卷整个亚洲、部分欧洲国家,尽管人类采取积极的控制措施,但H5N1在亚洲已经顽固地存在下来,成为地方病,并且病毒不断进化(宿主范围扩大、病毒致病性增强、环境中耐受力增强)、人类病例不断出现,已使世界比1968年以来任何时刻都更加靠近一场流感大流行。因此,人类紧迫地需要通力合作、全力准备、从容应对,延缓、减弱或避免这场大浩劫。     

科学预防--阻击流感

或许您不了解流感,或许您认为流感不严重,但流感每年会导致全球25～59万人死亡!近段时间以来,流感及其有关话题“使用频率”超过往年。一些人甚至产生了恐慌, “流感大流行”的谣言也在一些地方出现。这一切均源于世界范围内波及面扩大的高致病性禽流感及人们对H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒变异为可在人际间传播的流感病毒的担忧。 2005年“流感”成为世界话题的原因,首先是高致病性禽流感波及面在扩大。H5N1型高致病性禽流感自1997年在香港出现,2003年波及北美、东南亚,2005年又出现在欧洲一些国家,我国的部     

甲型H1N1流感普通型与重症型的处理

本文回顾性总结历史上几次世界性甲型流感流行和2009年H1N1流感流行情况.概述了2009年H1N1流感普通型病例的临床处理.重点阐述2009年H1N1流感重症型病例的高危人群、发生的危险因素以及临床表现.特别强调重症型流感抗病毒治疗的重要性及适应证.同时提醒关注神经氨酸酶抑制剂应用的耐药问题.     

关于甲型H1N1流感未来流行趋势的几点分析

2009年3月以来出现的甲型H1N1流感是一种全新的流感病毒,目前已在全球大流行.从半年的疫情监测结果判断,轻症患者居多,病毒似乎还没有产生明显的变异.但随着北半球冬季的到来,患者数目必然急剧增多.由于现有的疫苗不能充分满足需要,医疗和防疫部门仍需承担相当艰巨的任务.     

关于甲型H1N1流感未来流行趋势的几点分析

2009年3月以来出现的甲型H1N1流感是一种全新的流感病毒,目前已在全球大流行.从半年的疫情监测结果判断,轻症患者居多,病毒似乎还没有产生明显的变异。但随着北半球冬季的到来,患者数目必然急剧增多。由于现有的疫苗不能充分满足需要,医疗和防疫部门仍需承担相当艰巨的任务。     

流行性感冒近期会大流行吗?

流行性感冒是为数不多的可能造成世界大流行的急性传染病之一.大流行的基础是人与动物的流感病毒相互接触与不断变异,在复制过程中基因重组而产生新的亚型,并侵袭对新亚型毫无抵抗力的人群,迅速蔓延而成大流行.大流行的结果是人群的高发病率与高致死率,对人类生命财产和社会经济发展带来灾难性打击.目前,H5N1亚型可能已经具备了从禽鸟直接向人类传播的能力,流感大流行已向我们走来.面对威胁只有加强监测,力争在大流行来到之前,采取有科学依据的综合性措施,随时应对疫情先兆,方有可能遏制流行势头.     

甲型H1N1流感普通型与重症型的处理

本文回顾性总结历史上几次世界性甲型流感流行和2009年H1N1流感流行情况。概述了2009年H1N1流感普通型病例的临床处理。重点阐述2009年H1N1流感重症型病例的高危人群、发生的危险因素以及临床表现。特别强调重症型流感抗病毒治疗的重要性及适应证。同时提醒关注神经氨酸酶抑制剂应用的耐药问题。     

甲型H1N1流感防控策略的思考

自2009年3月以来,甲型H1N1流感在全球范围内迅速传播,现在冬季即将来临,第二波甲型H1N1流感有可能再掀高潮.对甲型H1N1流感是要严防死守,还是温和防控目前仍存在争议.     

审时度势科学应对——谈新甲型H1N1流感的应对

面对新甲型H1N1的流行,我国在早期采取了严格的防控措施.而随着疫情的不断发展,将其防控策略进行了调整.这在各界引起了诸多的争论.由于流感为呼吸道传染病,完全切断传播途径非常困难.而且新甲型H1N1传播迅速、人群普遍易感、控制传染源困难等原因,无法完全避免新甲型H1N1流感的流行.因此现阶段应将防控目标定位在压峰缓疫,医疗的重点应放在危重患者的救治上,降低病死率,尽可能减少疾病流行对全社会各方面的影响.     

流行性感冒近期会大流行吗?

流行性感冒是为数不多的可能造成世界大流行的急性传染病之一。大流行的基础是人与动物的流感病毒相互接触与不断变异,在复制过程中基因重组而产生新的亚型,并侵袭对新亚型毫无抵抗力的人群,迅速蔓延而成大流行。大流行的结果是人群的高发病率与高致死率,对人类生命财产和社会经济发展带来灾难性打击。目前,H5N1亚型可能巳经具备了从禽鸟直接向人类传播的能力,流感大流行已向我们走来。面对威胁只有加强监测,力争在大流行来到之前,采取有科学依据的综合性措施,随时应对疫情先兆,方有可能遏制流行势头。     

Planning a reader-oriented strategy for a publishing company: a case study

Scientific research in the sector of press readability and specifically magazines is not particularly extensive. This paper suggests a framework for the development of strategic decisions based on reader satisfaction measurements. The methodology is illustrated through a real-world application, i.e. customer-oriented strategy planning for the leading monthly IT magazine in Greece. This study implements the MUSA (Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis) method to evaluate reader satisfaction, in order to support the editor in making decisions while planning his editorial strategy. Reader satisfaction was analysed based on a tree containing seven main criteria and 32 sub-criteria. Readers proved to be very satisfied and non-demanding, which results in narrower margins for efficient improvement suggestions. However, the evaluation of the MUSA results led to putting forward suggestions that could support the editor in making amendment decisions. Some of these suggestions were successfully implemented within the scope of a new strategy. This revealed the need for two separate editions, an IT magazine for pupils and students as well as an IT magazine focused on women. The decision maker received suggestions on what these new publications' features should be, deriving from the study's quantitative results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Becoming a bilingual teacher in a Chinese university: a case study

Higher education in China has developed significantly over the past decades. Many universities have established cooperative partnerships with western universities, and overseas courses are being progressively introduced to China. At many Chinese universities, a cohort of teachers endeavor to open up bilingual subjects as a bridge to their students’ future learning; accordingly, there are higher expectations of the teachers involved in bilingual education and challenges for their professional development. In this case study, the researcher invites a Chinese professor to reflect on his experiences of bilingual instruction at a university situated in central China. After describing how the bilingual course in the case study was set up and the difficulties confronted, this study uses theories of hybrid identity and third space to contextualize how bilingual teachers experience hybrid identity construction and transformation in their adaptation to the new challenges. This in-depth study will shed light on the professional development of bilingual teachers in China’s higher education industry.     

Changing a culture: a brief program analysis of a social learning program on a maximum-security forensic unit

This report presents outcome data collected for a three-year period from a maximum-security forensic psychiatric program. Admission and discharge variables, restraint/seclusion, and client abuse/neglect data are presented from a one-year period that preceded the advent of the Behavior Management Treatment Program's (BMTP's) Social Learning Diagnostic Program to two years after implementing the Social Learning Diagnostic Program. Significant overall progress and improvement was observed in all variables analyzed after instituting a social learning program paradigm. This report provides a brief summary of the BMTP's Social Learning Diagnostic Program along with a discussion of the role played by Dangerousness Management Plans in the treatment of patients within the social learning milieu. Additionally the patient population served, and the rationale for implementation of a program based in social learning theory, are discussed.     

Spelunking as a manifestation of a counterclaustrophobia

Material is presented from the case history of a patient whose interest in spelunking (cave exploration) was found to be an unconscious expression of a type of counterclaustrophobia. Both oedipal and preoedipal determinants of the claustrophobic anxieties are delineated. Of particular note in this instance is the testicular element in the genesis of the patient's claustrophobia. His confusion of the movements of his testicles into his inguinal canals during childhood defecation with the movements of the feces themselves lent an special intensity to his fear of being flushed away from the mother by an expulsive anal birth from the claustrum. Childhood anxiety aroused when his testicles would become trapped in the inguinal canals was an important forerunner of the adult fear of being trapped in confined spaces. A counterphobic element of the spelunking per se was his enjoyment in hanging suspended by a rope in caves. In this manner, he was able to act out (by virtue of his body-testicle equation) his identification with, and control over, the disappearing testicles in the setting of a claustrophilic union with the mother.     

Mathematics has a front and a back

It is explained that, in the sense of the sociologist Erving Goffman, mathematics has a front and a back. Four pervasive myths about mathematics are stated. Acceptance of these myths is related to whether one is located in the front or the back.