解决“乙肝”问题亟须“四化”

乙型病毒性肝炎是一个严重的社会问题,而不是简单的医患之间的医疗和接受医疗的问题,它涉及到医疗机构、制药厂家以及社会、家庭、婚姻、就业等很多问题。要想从根本上解决乙型病毒性肝炎所带来的诸多问题需要全社会共同努力,形成一种“社会监督法制化、诊疗方案规范化、社会关爱人性化、具体施治个性化”的格局。     

乙肝病毒感染儿童面临的社会伦理学问题

我国是乙型病毒性肝炎高发区,母婴传播感染是一条极其重要且不易阻断的感染途径,由母婴传播导致的儿童乙肝病毒感染问题,不仅仅是现阶段我国严重的公共卫生问题,同时也是严重的社会伦理问题.HBV感染儿童在成长过程中所面临的社会歧视和自身权利保障是每一个患儿家庭迫切关心的,也是社会伦理学工作者的研究范畴.     

乙肝病毒感染儿童面临的社会伦理学问题

我国是乙型病毒性肝炎高发区,母婴传播感染是一条极其重要且不易阻断的感染途径,由母婴传播导致的儿童乙肝病毒感染问题,不仅仅是现阶段我国严重的公共卫生问题,同时也是严重的社会伦理问题。HBV感染儿童在成长过程中所面临的社会歧视和自身权利保障是每一个患儿家庭迫切关心的,也是社会伦理学工作者的研究范畴。     

提倡"理性医疗"

"理性医疗"是对疾病进行科学、客观地综合分析,由此筛选出一个理性的处置方案的医疗过程."理性医疗"不但有利于社会,有利于医患双方,更符合自然科学的规律,同时,对传统的伦理学观念也是一种补充与完善."理性医疗"的实现需要医患双方的共同协作.     

解决"以药养医"问题的演化博弈分析

能否妥善解决"以药养医"问题已经成为保持社会的稳定与和谐、促进经济健康发展亟待解决的社会问题之一.以探讨其经济学原因为起点,以政府和医院作为博弈方进行演化博弈分析,推论出政府与医院之间的互动演化关系,并提出完善医疗体制的融资渠道、发挥电子信息技术优势等政策建议.     

走出慢性乙型、丙型病毒性肝炎诊断的误区

我国病毒性肝炎是一个非常重要的肝病,病毒性肝炎的诊断不仅依靠临床表现,肝功能指标的改变,也依赖于病毒标志物的检测.病毒血清学检查是确定诊断的唯一标准.乙、丙、丁型病毒性肝炎的血清标志物项目繁多,临床意义相差较大,正确理解能为诊断提供很大帮助.     

临床工作中应重视"安慰剂"效应

目前我国临床工作中对"安慰剂"效应重视不够."安慰剂"效应建立在患者对医生的信任之上.生物医学模式重视疾病的生物学意义而忽视社会、心理因素的影响,导致医生对患者态度冷漠,患者对医生缺乏信任,已成为我国医患关系恶化的重要原因,继而弱化了医疗的"安慰剂"效应.推行生物-心理-社会医学模式,提倡临床工作以人为本而非以疾病为主,建立医患共赢的医疗体制,改善医疗环境,有利于产生和加强临床工作的"安慰剂"效应,切实促进医疗和谐.     

论医疗行为中的"可容性危险"原则

对合法的医疗行为进行认定,分析医疗的局限性和社会认知差异,认为在医疗活动中,为谋求对疾病认识,应允许医疗活动带有危险性.对可容性危险原则进行法理分析,结合实际案例,分析医疗行为中的"可容性危险"原则的运用以及司法界对该原则的认知.     

"人造美女"的生命伦理学思考

"人造美女"是一个纯粹的市场炒作的概念,其背后隐匿着深刻的生命伦理难题,并直接面对现实的医学伦理学问题.其中,生命价值、技术对生命干涉限度、美容与健康的冲突、医疗商业化等生命伦理学难题格外突出,而医疗伤害、技术滥用等是更为现实的医学伦理学问题.     

我国医院"品牌建设"浅探

随着社会生产力的提升和商品经济的发展,全球经济进入品牌时代.经济全球化的发展将使我国医疗机构进一步与国际接轨、参与竞争,医院"品牌建设"势在必行.从品牌的价值、医疗市场的竞争以及我国医院"品牌建设"的现状入手,重点讨论品牌经营战略.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.