职业紧张因素的结构关系分析

运用经修订的库珀职业紧张量表对不同职业和性别的我国职工的职业紧张作了研究,发现不同职业和性别对于职务感受和个人因素解释及身体健康状况等各有显著影响,通过对量表的结构关系分析后认为目标要求、应付工作压力的策略和职工的内部控制感是影响职业紧张的深层原因。从而对现今国外有关职业紧张的理论提出了新的看法,为今后的研究与应用提供了理论根据和实践指导。     

职业紧张研究的回顾与展望

职业紧张是一个非常重要的变量,一直以来都颇受心理学和组织行为学的重视。本在查阅了大量国内外献的基础上,归纳了职业紧张理论模型、紧张源和紧张症状,以及职业紧张与其它变量之间的关系。最后提出了先前研究中的问题及今后努力的方向。     

职业紧张研究的回顾与展望

职业紧张(occupational stress)是一个非常重要的变量,一直以来都颇受心理学和组织行为学的重视。本文在查阅了大量国内外文献的基础上,归纳了职业紧张理论模型、紧张源和紧张症状,以及职业紧张与其他变量之间的关系。最后提出了先前研究中的问题及今后努力的方向。     

职业紧张对企业医院医务人员的影响

探讨企业医院医务人员职业紧张现状及其主要影响因素。随机抽取郑州市15家企业医院医务人员828人,采用OSI—R量表对其职业紧张进行测量。企业医院医务人员的职业任务过重和工作环境较差,个体紧张反应较高,人口学特征是职业紧张的重要影响因素。企业医院医务人员职业紧张水平较高,控制或消除生产环境和劳动过程中的紧张因素,是减少职业紧张危害的根本途径。     

职业紧张对企业医院医务人员的影响

探讨企业医院医务人员职业紧张现状及其主要影响因素.随机抽取郑州市15家企业医院医务人员828人,采用OSI-R量表对其职业紧张进行测量.企业医院医务人员的职业任务过重和工作环境较差,个体紧张反应较高,人口学特征是职业紧张的重要影响因素.企业医院医务人员职业紧张水平较高,控制或消除生产环境和劳动过程中的紧张因素,是减少职业紧张危害的根本途径.     

职业紧张量表的修订与应用

库珀等的职业紧张量表是职业心理健康研究与应用方面比较完善的一种测量工具。本研究采用库珀职业紧张量表中文版,以236名职工为被试进行试测,并对量表的项目结构、测量信度与效度等进行了系统的分析。结果表明,库珀职业紧张量表在我国背景下具有一定的测量信度与构思效度,但在项目结构上反映出明显的跨文化差异。本研究在项目分析的基础上对职业紧张量表进行了修订。     

职业紧张对眼底动脉硬化影响分析

为了探讨职业紧张与眼底动脉硬化情况的关系,选取45岁～60岁的350名男性职业紧张高暴露人群,并以45岁～60岁的350名的低暴露男性为对照进行分析.结果显示,职业紧张高暴露人群眼底动脉硬化及高血压、高血脂的患病率均高于对照组,因此合理安排工作,减少职业紧张相关因素,有利于减少心脑血管疾病的患病率.     

工作特征、控制感及职业紧张的关系分析

１理论基础随着我国经济体制改革的深人、市场经济的发展,职业紧张（（）ｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｌｌａｌＳｔｒｅｓｓ）已成为企业管理中的重要问题。新技术的不断引进造成对人的能力的新要求,责任制的普遍实行给人以心理上的压力,这些都成为职业紧张的潜在根源。如何从组织和管理的角度,提出解决职业紧张的方法,保障企业职工的身心健康,提高企业的工作效率,成为组织行为研究亟待解决的问题。关于职业紧张的理论研究主要是按照两个基本的思路开展的＿种是环境定向的研究,着重探讨职业环境中各种变量及个性特点与职业紧张的关系,包括Ｃｏ…     

高师大学生职业价值观研究

高师院校学生的基本职业定位主要是教师,他们对教师职业的价值判断直接影响着职业选择和教育质量.本文通过对浙江省某重点师范大学学生的抽样调查,分析了高师大学生职业价值观各因子在性别、年级、专业等变量上的差异,探索了转型期高师大学生职业价值观的特点,并提出了高师大学生职业价值观教育的若干对策:树立正确的职业价值取向、突出职业价值观教育的实践性、强化就业指导教育、培养高师大学生的敬业精神.     

当代中国医生角色道德病症及其原因探析

医生在进行职业角色扮演的时候容易出现角色的紧张与冲突,其实质是医生所承担的角色内部及其之间利益的紧张与冲突。角色道德问题是当代中国医德发展所面临的一大难题。分析了当代中国医生角色道德病症及其原因,为当代中国医德研究开辟了一条新的路径。     

Risques psychosociaux au travail : le rôle modérateur des stratégies de coping

It is now a fact that health and well being at work are enhanced by organizational characteristics (Dupret, Bocéréan, Teherani, & Feltrin, 2012) and individual characteristics such as coping strategies used in a stressful situation (Truchot & Fisher, 2002). The purpose of this research is to study the interaction between organizational characteristics and coping strategies in the emergence of psychosocial risks factors. This study was conducted with 427 employees, as part of a psychosocial risk assessment. The analysis (Sobel tests and LISREL modelization) show the moderating influence between coping strategies and the organizational variables on occupational health and life quality.     

Testing the relationship between three-component organizational/occupational commitment and organizational/occupational turnover intention using a non-recursive model

This study explored the relationship between three-component organizational/occupational commitment and organizational/occupational turnover intention, and the reciprocal relationship between organizational and occupational turnover intention with a non-recursive model in collectivist cultural settings. We selected 177 nursing staffs out of 30 hospitals in Taiwan as our sample, and structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to test our hypotheses. The results showed that normative organizational commitment negatively correlates with organizational turnover intention most strongly, and affective occupational commitment negatively correlates with occupational turnover intention most strongly. Moreover, organizational turnover intention plays a mediating role in the relationship between normative organizational commitment and occupational turnover intention, while occupational turnover intention mediates the relationship between affective occupational commitment and organizational turnover intention. In particular, the reciprocal relationship exists between organizational and occupational turnover intention. Practical implications and suggestions for future research were also discussed.     

Explaining the protective effect of trait emotional intelligence regarding occupational stress: Exploration of emotional labour processes

This paper aims at understanding the processes explaining the protective effect of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) regarding occupational stress. The present study focuses on a widespread occupational stressor: emotional labour (EL). EL refers to the act of managing emotions and emotional expressions in order to be consistent with organizational ‘display rules’, defined as the organizationally required emotions during interpersonal service transactions. As these display rules interact with employees spontaneous feelings, they regularly induce a clash between inner/real and required feelings. Different strategies exist to cope with this dissonance, with either beneficial or deleterious outcomes regarding psychological and physical health. The hypothesis underlying this study was that individuals varying in the level of trait EI would use different EL strategies, with different outcomes in terms of burnout and somatic complaints. Globally, the results showed that, when confronted with emotional labour, high trait EI individuals experience lower levels of burnout and somatic complaints, and this effect was found to be mediated by the choice of emotional labour strategies. Implications of these results for research, theory and practice are discussed.     

Coping strategies in the workplace: Relationships with attributional style and job satisfaction

This paper examined the relationships between workplace coping strategies, occupational attributional style, and job satisfaction among a sample of 190 nurses employed with a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. As an occupational group, nurses experience high levels of chronic workplace stressors. Participants completed a questionnaire packet containing the Brief COPE, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)-Short Form, and the Occupational Attributional Styles Questionnaire (OASQ). Results indicated that a positive occupational attributional style was associated with greater use of problem solving/cognitive restructuring coping styles and less use of avoidance coping styles to deal with workplace stress. This pattern of coping strategies was also associated with greater job satisfaction. Further analyses indicated that the relationship between occupational attributional style and job satisfaction was mediated by the use of problem solving/cognitive restructuring, and avoidance coping strategies to deal with workplace stress. Implications for workplace interventions and work adjustment counseling are discussed.     

The Relationship between Psychological Capital,Coping with Stress,Well-Being,and Performance

This study examined coping with stress from an organizational perspective by positing a relationship between Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies (defined as change, accepting, or withdrawal). It was hypothesized that coping strategies would mediate the relationship between PsyCap and people’s well-being and performance. Questionnaire findings from a five hundred and fifty four employees showed a significant relationship between PsyCap and coping. Coping strategy in terms of change partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and the outcomes of well-being and performance. Coping strategy in terms of withdrawal partially mediated the relationship between PsyCap and performance. PsyCap was found to have a strong, positive, and direct correlation with well-being and performance. Well-being was not found to associate significantly with performance. These findings suggest that the central variable in the model is not coping but PsyCap. PsyCap appears to have a strong, direct, and significant effect on the dependent variables. The theoretical implications are examined and future research avenues suggested.     

Collective efficacy: A resource in stressful occupational contexts

Introduction and objectiveWe examined the effect of collective efficacy on the strategies adopted to cope with stress in occupational contexts (problem-focused coping), comparing it with that of self-efficacy and self-determination.Method and resultsWe studied two groups working in two different sectors of the foodservice industry, both characterized by high perceived stress but differing in their perceived interdependence (fastfood industry versus traditional restaurants). We showed that (1) collective efficacy is a more effective resource for dealing with stress than self-efficacy; (2) the relationship between self-efficacy and adaptive strategies is mediated by self-determination, but no such mediation is observed between collective efficacy and adaptive strategies, (3) these results are only observed in the presence of high levels of perceived interdependence (e.g., fastfood industry).ConclusionThe managerial implications for mobilizing collective resources to overcome occupational stress are discussed.     

The art of stress

This article argues that the later work of Foucault, notably that set out in The History of Sexuality, can make a useful contribution to organizational and occupational psychology. It goes on to analyse accounts of stress, related by client‐service workers during interviews, using concepts informed by this work. Such a method of analysing a key work experience takes us beyond the positivism that dominates the large stress literature. Our emphasis is on Foucault's ideas relating to the creation of oneself as a work of art and the moral problematization of pleasure, rather than the more commonly applied surveillance and disciplinary controls. We consider stress discourse in this light and note the often overlooked heterogeneity of these stress accounts and self‐portraits. We note that creation of self may itself be a ‘stressful’ process. This use of Foucault allows a rich reading of stress discourses and could, the authors believe, be applied in other organizational and occupational research.     

Effects of Organizational Level and Gender on Stress in the Workplace

Occupational stress adversely affects productivity, absenteeism, and job turnover, and contributes to health-related problems. The effects of organizational level and gender on the specific sources of occupational stress assessed by the Job Stress Survey (JSS) were evaluated for a heterogeneous sample of 1,791 working adults (860 males, 931 females) employed in 2 industrial companies and a large state university. Significant main or interactive effects of organizational level and/or gender were found for the JSS Item Index, Severity and/or Frequency scores of 29 of the 30 JSS items. Organizational level effects were both more numerous and larger in magnitude than gender effects. Employees at higher organizational levels reported that they experienced stress more often while making critical decisions and dealing with crisis situations than did workers at lower levels, for whom inadequate salary and lack of opportunity for advancement were more stressful. For males, work stress was more strongly related to concerns about their role in the power structure of an organization, whereas female employees reported experiencing more severe stress when there was a conflict between job requirements and family relationships.     

Management style and its effect on prison officers’ stress

This study investigates the impact of the work environment on the level of perceived job stress in prison officers. Two models of prison administration were assessed in an attempt to identify the organizational structures and processes which were related to level of occupational stress. To identify the impact of occupational stress on prison officers, the bureaucratic and unit management models of prison administration are compared with respect to officer job characteristics and management processes. The Occupational Role Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered to 112 prison officers. A multivariate analysis identified a significant main effect for prison management type. On all measures, prison officers from the bureaucratic management model (Pentridge Prison) scored higher than officers from a unit management model (Barwon Prison). Role boundary, physical environment, and trait anxiety were the most salient discriminators between officers from Pentridge and Barwon. Private Practice.     

Managing occupational stress: A national and international perspective

Theoretical models of occupational stress are important because they suggest a focus for intervention, and inform practice. The gap between research and practice was exposed most recently by Burke (1993) claiming little awareness of research findings by practitioners (managers, consultants, clinicians), little intervention activity being undertaken at the organizational level, little research being undertaken to determine the effectiveness of individual level interventions, and only modest use of work research findings for intervention and policy development (p. 85). This paper discusses the issue of intervention, and examines values, assumptions and the politics of applied research. A critical review of the evaluation studies of individual vs. organizational level interventions is undertaken and finally the problem of occupational stress as a national and international issue is considered.