儒家诗乐思想初探

本文将《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书·孔子诗论》与传世相关文献联系,辅以《郭店楚墓竹简》相关篇章,探讨儒家诗乐思想源流,分析《毛诗大序》、《乐记》的时代以及二者之间的关系等问题。根据较为可信的传世文献资料,依照古书通例,认为《毛诗大序》、《乐记》为学派著作,成书于战国时期;二者可能有共同的思想来源,我们不当以“抄袭”的观点看待二者。     

Transforming and Redescribing Critical Thinking: Constructive Thinking

The author describes a published symposium which debated “Is Critical Thinking Biased?” The symposium meant to address concerns about critical thinking that are being expressed by feminist and postmodern scholars. However, through the author's critique, and the symposium respondent's, we learn the participants ended up begging the question of bias. The author maintains that the belief that critical thinking is “unbiased” is based on an assumption that knowers can be separated from what is known. She argues that critical thinking is a tool which has no life of its own, it only has meaning and purpose when fallible, biased people use it (weak sense bias). She challenges the idea of a transcendental epistemological perspective, thus all knowledge is provisional and perspectival (strong sense bias). The author begins to redescribe a transformed critical thinking as constructive thinking.     

Tradition and Reason: Two Uses of Reason, Critical and Contemplative

Abstract: Reason, as it is proper to the task of theology, has two uses: critical and contemplative. This twofold appropriation of reason sets the stage for this article, a stage occupied in turn by Newman and by Aquinas. The critical function of theological work is expressed via the 1877 preface which Newman wrote for his Lectures on the Prophetic Office of the Church. The critical office of theology is vital not only to the practice of theology itself but to the liturgical and spiritual life of the church, and to the exercise of church leadership if that leadership is not to descend into tyranny. For the theologian, reason is not antithetical to contemplation; rather, contemplation includes a form of reasoning. Theology is ‘a schooling in the discipline of contemplating the self‐revealing God’, a discipline of ‘metaphysical ascesis’ which compels both intellectual conversion and moral practice. Such an ascesis was practised well by Aquinas, and Kerr reflects on the Summa Theologiae as ‘a training in a form of metaphysical reasoning’, being schooled in the knowledge of God which strips away our ‘idolatorous inclinations’.     

Mark,Image, Sign: A Semiotic Approach to Spinoza

Instead of reading Spinoza's account of the imagination in an anthropocentric way, as dependent on the traditional doctrine of human faculties, the author considers it as a consequence of his physics and cosmology. Knowledge by signs, as Spinoza calls imagination, has to be rooted in his theory of marks and images, and concerns all beings (human and non human) that are capable of marking and being marked by other bodies in the infinite semiosis of nature.     

Integrating Social Science and Design Inquiry Through Interdisciplinary Design Charrettes: An Approach to Participatory Community Problem Solving

Interdisciplinary collaborations that aim to facilitate meaningful community outcomes require both the right mix of disciplinary knowledge and effective community participation, which together can deepen collective knowledge and the capacity to take action. This article explores three interdisciplinary design charrettes, intensive participatory workshops that addressed specific community problems and provided a context for integrating design and social science inquiry with local community knowledge. Evaluation data from the charrettes shed light on how students from the design and social science disciplines experienced the charrettes, and on their interactions with community members. Key advantages to this interdisciplinary, community-based collaboration included expanded knowledge derived from the use of multiple modes of inquiry, particularly the resulting visualization tools that helped community members understand local issues and envision novel solutions. Key drawbacks included difficulties in balancing the two disciplines, the tendency for social scientists to feel out of place on designers' turf, and the increased disciplinary and interpersonal conflicts arising from a more diverse pool of participants.     

A Case Study and Balance Sheet Approach to Unemployment

The authors describe positive and negative aspects of employment and unemployment in a balance sheet framework. They also discuss the value of the balance sheet approach in understanding individual differences in reactions to unemployment.     

《佛说善生子经》中的伦理思想浅探

《佛说善生子经》中的伦理思想，诸如孝养父母、尊师重道、尊重妇女、夫妻和睦、恩厚朋友、善待下属、尊敬供养清净福田僧、积极行善、谨慎交友、克己利人等，是佛教中国化的契合点之一，并充实和填补了中国传统伦理思想。佛经所散发出的这些优良品德和处事态度，至今仍是人类遵循的道德规范，从而也体现了佛教“庄严国土、利乐有情”的大乘菩萨精神的生命力。     

Solving a Murder Case by Asking Critical Questions: An Approach to Fact-Finding in Terms of Argumentation and Story Schemes

In this paper, we look at reasoning with evidence and facts in criminal cases. We show how this reasoning may be analysed in a dialectical way by means of critical questions that point to typical sources of doubt. We discuss critical questions about the evidential arguments adduced, about the narrative accounts of the facts considered, and about the way in which the arguments and narratives are connected in an analysis. Our treatment shows how two different types of knowledge, represented as schemes, play a role in reasoning with evidence: argumentation schemes and story schemes.     

反思能力进路的正义理论:一个批判性的考察

近年来,努斯鲍姆在批评契约论的基础上,发展出一种能力进路的正义理论。可以说,努斯鲍姆的能力进路开启了正义研究的新视野。然而,这一理论进路也存在不少疑点。从正义的尺度上看,单纯能力难以衡量个人的福祉;从正义原则的内容上看,能力清单难以成为重叠共识的对象;从正义原则的可行性上看,能力进路难以达到公开性的要求;从正义的论题上看,能力进路错失了相互性的正义维度。至少就目前来说,能力进路还不足以成为我们研究正义问题的主要理论框架。