共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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情境模型与问题模型是数学问题解决研究中的两个重要概念,前者是对问题所述情境的日常化的定性表征,后者是基于图式知识对问题关键变量的数量关系表征。本文介绍了两种模型的发展历史以及目前存在的争议,并提出了未来研究需要解决的问题。 相似文献
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本研究探讨了图式化程度即例子的概括化程度对解决代数文字题的影响。结果表明 :(1 )例子的表层类似性与目标问题具有一种格式塔的同型效应 ,容易解决“属性”一一对应的问题。 (2 )由例子表层类似性构成的图式化程度低 ,迁移的范围比较窄 ;由例子结构类似性构成的图式化程度高 ,适用的范围比较宽。 (3 )尽管增加了例子与目标问题的难度 ,由结构类似性形成的代数图式仍然可以比较容易地解决目标问题 相似文献
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传统观点认为,问题表征是问题解决者构建问题的心理结构,是内在的知识、结构和神经网络,是问题解决的根本机制。但近来研究发现,问题的呈现方式、问题情景的成分和结构也对问题解决行为具有独立的指导、约束或决定作用,因此可以把问题表征划分为外部表征和内部表征。这两种表征具有不同的特征,对问题解决具有不同的作用机制。就学科问题解决来说,当前研究主要集中在表征的结构及影响因素方面,未来一个时期,此方面的研究迫切需要探明外部表征的结构、形式、内容及其与内部表征之间相互作用的机制,并建构适宜的研究方法体系。 相似文献
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问题解决中对问题的外部表征和内部表征 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
传统观点认为,问题表征是问题解决构建问题的心理结构,是内在的知识、结构和神经网络,是问题解决的根本机制。但近来研究发现,问题的呈现方式、问题情景的成分和结构也对问题解决行为具有独立的指导、约束或决定作用,因此可以把问题表征划分为外部表征和内部表征。这两种表征具有不同的特征,对问题解决具有不同的作用机制。就学科问题解决来说,当前研究主要集中在表征的结构及影响因素方面,未来一个时期,此方面的研究迫切需要探明外部表征的结构、形式、内容及其与内部表征之间相互作用的机制,并建构适宜的研究方法体系。 相似文献
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问题解决中图式与策略的关系:来自表征复杂性模型的说明 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用口语报告法收集了26名小学三年级儿童解决两道复杂的算术应用题时的口语报告和作业资料,探讨了问题解决中图式与策略的关系。结果发现,对二者关系的解释要以问题表征复杂性为中介:如果被试的关系图式水平较高,表征复杂性(特别是表征深度)也会较大,相应会选择领域专门性更强的快捷策略;如果缺乏必需的关系图式。表征深度就降低,甚至不能正确表征问题,这时只好使用常规策略甚至错误策略。这个结论适用于有多种表征和解题方式的问题中。 相似文献
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口语报告法比较研究物理问题解决中不同数理基础被试表征体系的动态差异 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
基于对物理问题解决表征体系特征的研究,本文用口语报告法,对不同数理基础的被试在解决物理问题过程中表征体系的动态特征差异进行了实证性研究。结果证明,数理基础扎实的被试,其物理问题解决表征体系的动态特征优于数理基础一般和数理基础差的被试 相似文献
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We surveyed 281 undergraduates to assess their sexual preference for a firstborn child and their willingness to use sex selection technology. Results indicated overall preference for a boy among these respondents whether or not they indicated a willingness to use reproductive technology. Black women reported a greater willingness to use technology than did White women (p < .05), and older respondents (p < .10) also reported a greater intention to use the technology. Catholics were less willing to use technology than all other religious sects (p < .05). Of the 51 respondents who indicated their willingness to use technology, 73% preferred sons (p < .01). This finding held across sex, race, religion, age, and income levels. Support for the women's movement was unrelated to either preference or projected use of sex selection technology. 相似文献
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Gene R. Medinnus 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):117-118
The development of the concept of time in third, fifth, and seventh graders of two Israeli social groups—advantaged Westerners (n = 144) and disadvantaged Easterners (n = 120)—was compared. Contrary to expectations, no difference in performance was found between the social groups throughout the entire age range. In both groups performance, while far from reaching perfection, increased with age. In addition, disparity between our findings and those of Siegler and Richards cast doubts on the generalizability of the rules they extracted through the rule-assessment method. 相似文献
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Heather B. Levingston Nancy A. Neef Traci M. Cihon 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(2):361-367
We examined the effects of teaching overt precurrent behaviors on the current operant of solving multiplication and division word problems. Two students were taught four precurrent behaviors (identification of label, operation, larger numbers, and smaller numbers) in a different order, in the context of a multiple baseline design. After meeting criterion on three of the four precurrent skills, the students demonstrated the current operant of correct problem solutions. These skills generalized to novel problems. Correct current operant responses (solutions that matched answers revealed by coloring over the space with a special marker) maintained the precurrent behaviors in the absence of any other programmed reinforcement. 相似文献
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智商对物理问题解决表征体系动态特征的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于对物理问题解决表征体系特征的研究,本文用口语报告法,对不同智商水平的被试在解决物理问题过程中表征体系的动态差异进行了实证性研究。结果证明,智商水平对物理问题解决表征体系动态特征的影响显著。 相似文献
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Pronouns encouraging a second‐person perspective (e.g., “you/your”) affect peoples' mental representations constructed while reading and improve learning. The present study applied these insights to a domain in that such pronoun effects have yet been unexplored: mathematical word problem solving. Specifically, we encouraged a second‐person perspective (using “your”) in an attempt to reduce the consistency effect, that is, the finding that more errors are made on word problems containing a relational keyword inconsistent rather than consistent with the required arithmetic operation. Primary school children solved consistent and inconsistent word problems (containing the relational keywords “less than”) presented in third‐person (i.e., store name) or second‐person (“your store”) perspective. Results demonstrated the consistency effect, but the perspective manipulation did not produce significant differences between conditions, that is, a second‐person perspective did not reduce the consistency effect. These findings suggest that reducing the consistency effect may require a less subtle approach than using personalized pronouns. 相似文献
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基于McDenott和Larkin的基本假设,该文提出了力学问题的表征体系,并用口语报告分析法实证研究了力学问题表征体系的动态特征。结果表明:问题解决者在解决力学问题过程中一般将建立4个不同层次的表征,并且在物理和数学表征层次所占时间显著多于在文字和朴素表征层次的时间。 相似文献