中学生的学习适应性与其人格特征、心理健康的相关研究

用学习适应性测验（AAT）、卡特尔16PF量表及症状自评量表（SCL-90）对高二学生进行了测查。结果表明,学习适应性与人格的独立性因子相关显著（P＜0．05）,与稳定性、有恒性。怀疑性、自律性、紧张性因子相关非常显著（P＜0．001）,说明学习适应性强的学生具有高稳定性、高有恒性、高独立性、高自律性、低紧张性、低怀疑性和低忧虑性的人格特征。学习适应性与症状自评量表中的躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、偏执、精神病性、总症指数、痛苦水平及阳性数目相关非常显著（P＜0．01、P＜0．001）,与强迫相关显著（P＜0．05）,说明学习适应性强的学生无论就总体水平,还是具体指标上,其心理健康水平均较好。     

初一学生人格特征、学习适应性与学习成绩关系的研究

以《中学生个性测验量表》和《学习适应性测验量表》为研究工具,以320名初一学生为被试,探讨初一学生个性因素、学习适应性与学习成绩的关系。结果发现,初一学生的个性特征、学习适应性与学习成绩都存在一定的相关关系;初一学生的个性因素中自控及情绪性因素和智力性因素对其学习成绩具有更好的预测作用,学习适应性因素中学习期望和家庭环境对其学习成绩具有较好的预测作用;研究同时认为,个性特征与学习适应性对初一学生学习成绩的影响可能是非常有限的。     

小学生学习适应性的实验研究

学生的学习适应性是关系到学生能否顺利完成学业,提高和发展多方面能力,形成健康人格,成为高素质人才的一个非常重要的问题,也是学校教育工作者、学生家长及社会各界普遍关注的焦点。本研究就是要调查了解小学生学习适应性的现状,探讨男女学生学习适应性有无差异,学习成绩优良与不良学生学习适应性有何区别,以便寻求影响学生学业不良的主要因素,为培养提高学生学习适应性,全面提高学生的素质,为科学深入地实施素质教育,提高教育教学质量,提供心理学的理论依据和指导性建议。     

对中学生的人格建构与学校适应的相关分析

以乔治·凯利(George Kelley)的个人建构理论为基础,采用他发明的角色建构库测验,辅以学生学习适应性测验、压力应对测验并收集学生学习成绩,考察中学生人格建构复杂性与学校适应的关系,研究对象为从初一到高三的512名中学生。结果发现：(1) 中学生人格建构复杂性与学习成绩、学习适应性和压力应对存在显著相关。人格建构复杂性高的学生,学业成绩较好,适应学校生活的能力比较强;人格建构复杂性低的学生易采取“幻想”、“逃避”等消极压力应对方式。(2) 多元分析证明,在同时考虑到年级、性别、学习适应性和人格建构复杂性等因素时,人格建构复杂性对学习成绩的贡献大约为2.8%。(3) 中学生人格建构复杂性通过三种途径对学习成绩产生影响：其一,人格建构复杂性直接影响中学生的学习成绩;其二,以学习适应性为中介间接影响学习成绩;其三,以消极压力应对、学习适应性为中介变量,间接影响学习成绩     

不同复原类型贫困大学生人格的差异分析

心理复原力是指个体从困境或生活威胁性情境中维持身心功能健康的能力。为探讨不同复原类型中影响贫困大学生心理复原力的人格差异,该研究使用卡特尔16种个性因素测验、大学生心理复原量表对1658名贫困大学生进行随机调查。结果表明:1)贫困大学生具有较强的心理复原力,性别、年级的主效应及其交互效应不显著;2)贫困大学生的心理复原力可分为复原强型、中间型和弱型3类;3)在不同复原类型组贫困大学生中,预测心理复原力的特质和次级人格因子有所不同。心理复原的个体差异部分来自人格。     

语文教学中学生心理的调适

学习适应性是指克服各种困难，取得较好学习效果的一种倾向，即学习适应能力，它是人的适应能力的一个重要组成部分。学生的学习适应性问题关系到学生能否顺利完成学业，提高和发展多方面能力，形成健康人格，成为高素质人才以服务于社会的一个非常重要的问题。其目的就是通过有效干预转变学生在学习过程中表现的不适应，提高其相关的成绩。健全他们的人格，增强学习心理适应性。     

贫困大学生社会支持与心理健康及其人格特征的相关研究

目的：探讨贫困大学生心理健康状况和社会支持状况及人格特征的关系。方法：选取学校贫困生125名为研究组,相对应的120名非贫困生为对照组,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)。结果：(1)贫困生在DSCL-90量表测量的总均分、躯体化水平、强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性上的因子分显著高于非贫困生;(2)社会支持评定量表的主观支持和支持利用度得分贫困生普遍得分低于非贫困生;(3)社会支持各维度与SCL-90各因子负相关,与EPQ人格P和N维度呈显著负相关,而与人格E维度呈显著正相关。结论：社会支持对大学生心理健康和人格发展有重要影响,在高校心理健康教育中,要重视学生非智力因素的培养。     

语文教学中学生心理的调适

学习适应性是指克服各种困难,取得较好学习效果的一种倾向,即学习适应能力,它是人的适应能力的一个重要组成部分。学生的学习适应性问题关系到学生能否顺利完成学业,提高和发展多方面能力,形成健康人格,成为高素质人才以服务于社会的一个非常重要的问题。其目的就是通过有效干预转变学生在学习过程中表现的不适应,提高其相关的成绩。健全他们的人格,增强学习心理适应性。     

中小学学习困难学生焦虑的研究

本研究以152名中小学学习困难学生为研究对象,用一般性焦虑测验量表(GAT)为工具,通过与181名学习优秀学生的比较,研究他们的焦虑特点。结果发现,学习困难学生的平均焦虑水平与学习优秀学生无显着差异,但学习困难学生中高焦虑者和低焦虑者明显多于学习优秀学生。在学习困难学生中,女学生的焦虑水平明显高于男学生。     

从家庭教育入手，提高学生学习适应性

学习适应性是指克服种种困难取得较好学习效果的一种倾向，即学习适应能力。他是人适应能力的一个重要组成部分。学生的学习适应性问题，关系到学生能否顺利完成学业，提高和发展多方面能力，形成健康人格，成为高素质人才以服务于社会的一个非常重要的问题。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者MED术前心理状态调查与分析

为了研究腰椎间盘突出症患者行MED微创治疗前的心理状况,对442例行MED手术治疗的患者应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行术前心理评估。结果显示MED微创治疗前患者SAS、SDS测量分明显高于常模组。患者性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、病程长短等都与心理状况的改变相关。有34.9%的患者SAS得分和36.7%的患者SDS得分显示阳性。因此,临床骨科医师应重视心理因素的作用,在MED术前应对患者进行心理状况评估,并对心理状况较差的患者进行术前干预,才能取得更好的临床疗效。     

中西方关于心理健康标准问题的探讨及对我们的启示

分析了国内外学者在制定心理健康标准时所作的探讨,提出了适应与发展应是心理健康考察的基本对象,对心理健康的评估应是对心理机能的评估,我国在制定心理健康标准时应借鉴西方的有关理论和经验。     

高师生心理健康教育实验研究

本文采用自然教学实验的研究方法,探讨心理健康教育对高师生健康信念、健康行为和健康水平的影响,以高师９５级大学三年级学生１２６个为实验组,进行５４个课时的心理健康课程教学,并以同校同级学生１０９个对照组。采用健康信念和健康行为调查表和Ｃａｗｔｅ健康量表,对实验组和控制组被试进行调查和测试。结果表明,心理健康教育不仅明显改善了高师生的健康信念和健康行为,而且提高了他们的身心健康水平。     

深化卫生事业改革应关注卫生经济伦理学研究

卫生经济伦理学是应用伦理学的一个分支,相对于经济学和卫生经济学的发展,卫生经济伦理学的建立和发展滞后,导致卫生经济体制改革的经济效果与社会效果的一定程度的偏离。卫生经济伦理学的理论前提是社会结构变迁要求各个相对独立社会领域的规则整合,其研究任务是为社会经济主体的行为提供一个规范性的评判,实现社会的和谐发展。     

Primary health care for women: What is it and who provides it?

Recent federal policy has highlighted historically underrecognized women's health issues. Women comprise the majority of the population, especially the elderly. Women's health care needs, utilization patterns, and outcomes vary from those of men, and often among each other. Primary health care services for women are multidisciplinary and emphasize prevention, education, and early intervention as well as treatment. Psychologists and other primary health care providers can collaborate to provide their services in a cost-effective manner that optimizes quality of care and comprehensive health care.     

Exploring families’ experiences of health: contributions to a model of family health

Child health and developmental outcomes are influenced by the health of the family and the context created. Research suggests symptoms of poor family health (e.g. suboptimal family interactions, parenting stress) yet there is limited understanding of the factors which contribute to robust family health which may unveil opportunities for targeted intervention and family health promotion. The present study examined families’ experiences of family health and factors contributing to family health. We performed a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory methods to guide our understanding of family health for families with typically developing children aged 5–18. Interviews were conducted in family homes and all members were invited to participate. Data from interviews were transcribed, coded, thematically analyzed, and verified with select families. Ten families, including 10 mothers, 8 fathers, and 15 children participated in the study. Participants described family health as a process of balance, living purposefully, and sharing experiences together in alignment with family identity. Mediating family health were processes of awareness and reflection, and adapting, adjusting, and changing in response to family life including external stress factors. Results highlight the possibility for healthcare practitioners to facilitate families’ self-reflection and awareness about their health in order to mediate family health development.     

A Big Five approach to self-regulation: personality traits and health trajectories in the Hawaii longitudinal study of personality and health

Self-regulatory processes influencing health outcomes may have their origins in childhood personality traits. The Big Five approach to personality was used here to investigate the associations between childhood traits, trait-related regulatory processes and changes in health across middle age. Participants (N = 1176) were members of the Hawaii longitudinal study of personality and health. Teacher assessments of the participants’ traits when they were in elementary school were related to trajectories of self-rated health measured on 6 occasions over 14 years in middle age. Five trajectories of self-rated health were identified by latent class growth analysis: Stable Excellent, Stable Very Good, Good, Decreasing and Poor. Childhood Conscientiousness was the only childhood trait to predict membership in the Decreasing class vs. the combined healthy classes (Stable Excellent, Stable Very Good and Good), even after controlling for adult Conscientiousness and the other adult Big Five traits. The Decreasing class had poorer objectively assessed clinical health measured on one occasion in middle age, was less well-educated, and had a history of more lifespan health-damaging behaviors compared to the combined healthy classes. These findings suggest that higher levels of childhood Conscientiousness (i.e. greater self-discipline and goal-directedness) may prevent subsequent health decline decades later through self-regulatory processes involving the acquisition of lifelong healthful behavior patterns and higher educational attainment.     

Preventive behaviour and health status among the elderly

Abstract

The research describes the range of preventive health behaviours undertaken by the elderly, investigates the dimensionality of preventive health behaviour, and explores the relationship between preventive health behaviour, self-assessed and medically assessed health status. Previous research has relied mainly on self-reports of health status. Data from medical examinations and interviews with 115 elderly individuals (aged 65–75) indicated that most elderly persons performed some intentional preventive health practices, as well as a broad range of normative preventive health practices. Particular clusters of preventive health behaviour emerged when the data were subjected to cluster analysis. A short index consisting of five personal preventive health behaviours found in other studies to have a protective effect on long-term health was found to have a low to moderate correlation with the medical and self-assessments of health status employed in the study. These findings indicate particular types of preventive health behaviour of importance for health promotion programmes with the elderly.     

The Social Determinants of Health: Why Should We Care?

A growing body of empirical research examines the effects of the so-called “social determinants of health” (SDH) on health and health inequalities. Several high-profile publications have issued policy recommendations to reduce health inequalities based on a specific interpretation of this empirical research as well as a set of normative assumptions. This article questions the framework defined by these assumptions by focusing on two issues: first, the normative judgments about the (un)fairness of particular health inequalities; and second, the policy recommendations issued on this basis. We argue that the normative underpinnings of the approach are insufficiently supported and that the policy recommendations do not necessarily follow from the arguments provided. Furthermore, while many of the policies recommended—such as improving people's living conditions and reducing inequalities in wealth and power—are justified in their own right, the way these recommendations are tied to health is problematic.     

让公众走近现代健康理念——从陈晓旭剃度出家及英年早逝说起

现代健康观是文明进步的产物。让公众走近现代健康观,是追寻人类理想,建设和谐社会,管好国家核心资源,全面提高人民群众健康水平的需要。按照现代健康观的基本精神开展健康教育,是当今社会的重要课题。