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1.
Research has demonstrated a lack of agreement between parent and child reports across a range of parent and child variables.
These discrepancies hinder the interpretation of research findings as well as diagnostic and treatment decisions in clinical
practice. The current study examined the hypothesis that discrepancies between parent and child reports of parenting can be
useful as predictors of future child outcomes. The participants included 559 early adolescents and their primary caregivers
(79% African American, 21% Caucasian). Both respondents provided information on parental nurturance, harsh discipline and
inconsistent discipline. A year later, information of adolescents’ internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social
competence was collected. Structural equation modeling revealed that parent-child discrepancies in parenting reports could
be explained by a latent factor which was a significant predictor of child internalizing problems and social competence, but
not of externalizing problems, after adjusting for initial internalizing and externalizing problems. The three models applied
across gender and ethnicity. 相似文献
2.
Forty clinic-referred mothers completed questionnaires describing their children’s problems, the mothers’ parenting styles,
and their everyday mindfulness. Psychometric analyses of the questionnaires showed mother reports to be internally consistent,
except for one of the parenting style scales (i.e., permissive style). We dropped the scale and analyzed intercorrelations
between the remaining two scales, the mindfulness measure and the child problem measure. Results showed the authoritative
and authoritarian scales were not correlated, and each scale covaried with measures of mindfulness and child problems. Regression
analyses revealed two pathways between mothers’ mindfulness and child problems. Both pathways showed parenting styles to mediate
the connections between mothers’ mindfulness and their perceptions of child problems. We speculated on the nature of the mediating
process. 相似文献
3.
Hourigan SE Goodman KL Southam-Gerow MA 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,110(2):198-212
The ability to regulate one’s emotions effectively has been linked with many aspects of well-being. The current study examined discrepancies between mothers’ and children’s reports of child emotion regulation. This investigation examined patterns of discrepancies for key aspects of emotion regulation (i.e., inhibition and dysregulated expression) and for three emotions (anger, sadness, worry). A total of 61 mother-child dyads (mean children’s age = 9.3 years) participated. As hypothesized, discrepancies for inhibition subscales were of a larger magnitude than those for dysregulated expression subscales. Furthermore, age was related to discrepancies in both anger subscales, parent reports of child externalizing symptoms were related to anger dysregulated expression discrepancies, and child reports of internalizing symptoms were related to sadness dysregulated expression discrepancies. Overall, the findings suggest that patterns of discrepant reports are not random but rather may provide meaningful and useful information about the nature of emotion regulation. 相似文献
4.
Kimberly L. Goodman Andres De Los Reyes Catherine P. Bradshaw 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(4):366-383
Discrepancies often occur among informants’ reports of various domains of child and family functioning and are particularly
common between parent and child reports of youth violence exposure. However, recent work suggests that discrepancies between
parent and child reports predict subsequent poorer child outcomes. We propose a preliminary conceptual model (Discrepancies
in Victimization Implicate Developmental Effects [DiVIDE]) that considers how and why discrepancies between parents’ and youths’
ratings of child victimization may be related to poor adjustment outcomes. The model addresses how dyadic processes, such
as the parent–youth relationship and youths’ information management, might contribute to discrepancies. We also consider coping
processes that explain why discrepancies may predict increases in youth maladjustment. Based on this preliminary conceptual
framework, we offer suggestions and future directions for researchers who encounter conflicting reports of community violence
exposure and discuss why the proposed model is relevant to interventions for victimized youths. 相似文献
5.
We examined whether instructional materials describing how to rate child ADHD symptoms would improve the accuracy of mothers’
ratings of ADHD symptoms presented in standard child behavior stimuli, and whether instructions would be equally effective
across a range of maternal depressive symptoms and family incomes. A community sample of 100 mothers with 5 to 12 year old
sons were randomly assigned to either receive or not receive the instructions. All mothers watched standard video recordings
of boys displaying nonproblem behavior, ADHD symptoms, ADHD plus oppositional behaviors, or ADHD plus anxious behaviors, and
then rated the ADHD symptoms of the boys in the videos. These ratings were compared to ratings of the boys’ ADHD symptoms
made by objective coders. Results indicated an interaction such that the instructional materials improved the agreement between
mothers’ and coders’ ratings, but only for mothers at lower family income levels. The instructional materials improved all
mothers’ open-ended responses regarding knowledge of ADHD. All mothers rated more ADHD symptoms in boys with comorbid oppositional
or anxious behaviors, and this effect was not reduced by the instructional materials. The potential utility of these instructions
to improve the accuracy of ratings of child ADHD symptoms is explored. 相似文献
6.
The specific parenting domains measured by the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) make it particularly relevant to interventions concerned with the modification of parenting practices. This study assessed the validity and clinical utility of parent reports on the APQ using observational data of parents and children (N=56, aged 4–8 years) participating in a parent training intervention for childhood conduct problems. Parent reports on the measure were found to converge well with observations of parents’ use of praise, and harsh/aversive parenting. APQ scores also reflected change in parenting practices across treatment, and were associated with clinical child outcomes. Comparisons of the five original APQ subscales with a three-factor empirically-derived form of the measure indicated greater support for the original subscales, which were found to be valid and clinically informative in the treatment of childhood conduct problems. 相似文献
7.
Martha C. Tompson Claudette B. Pierre Kathryn Dingman Boger James W. McKowen Priscilla T. Chan Rachel D. Freed 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):105-117
Across development, maternal depression has been found to be a risk factor for youth psychopathology generally and youth depression
specifically. Maternal Expressed Emotion (EE) has been examined as a predictor of outcome among youth with depression. The
present study explored the associations between youth psychopathology and two predictors–maternal depression within the child’s
lifetime and maternal EE–in a study of children at risk for depression. One hundred and seventy-one youth, ages 8–12, and
their mothers participated. To assess maternal and youth psychopathology, dyads were administered structured diagnostic assessments,
and mothers and children completed self-report measures of their own depressive symptoms. In addition, mothers completed the
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist–Parent Report Version (CBCL) for their children. Maternal EE was assessed based on the
Five Minute Speech Sample. History of maternal depression was associated with high maternal EE, and the combination of maternal
depression history and maternal EE was associated with children’s own reports of higher depressive symptoms. Current maternal
depressive symptoms were associated with mothers’ reports of children’s Internalizing scores on the CBCL, and maternal depression
history, current maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal EE were strongly associated with mothers’ reports of children’s
Externalizing and Total Problem scores on the CBCL. History of maternal depression and a rating of high or borderline Critical
EE (characterized by maternal critical comments and/or reports of a negative relationship) were independently associated with
children’s depression diagnoses. 相似文献
8.
Steven Friedlander Daniel S. Weiss John Traylor 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1986,14(1):123-133
The relative effects of maternal depression, child gender, and child psychiatric status on mothers' ratings of their children were assessed in a study of the validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Both maternal depression and gender were found to be significantly associated with mothers' ratings of their children on the CBCL. Nevertheless, mothers' ratings continued to differentiate groups of children with and without psychiatric problems even after the variance accounted for by maternal depression and child gender was removed. These findings support the criterion validity of the CBCL, and point also to the importance of assessing parents as part of the clinical evaluation of children. 相似文献
9.
Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Brad J. Nakamura Bruce F. Chorpita Charmaine K. Higa-McMillan John R. Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):373-384
This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology and discriminative analyses to examine the correspondence
of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales and empirically-derived syndrome scales with clinical diagnoses in a clinic-referred sample of children and
adolescents (N = 476). Although results demonstrated that the CBCL Anxiety, Affective, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional and
Conduct Problems DSM-oriented scales corresponded significantly with related clinical diagnoses derived from parent-based structured interviews,
these DSM-oriented scales did not evidence significantly greater correspondence with clinical diagnoses than the syndrome scales in
all cases but one. The DSM-oriented Anxiety Problems scale was the only scale that evidenced significantly greater correspondence with diagnoses above
its syndrome scale counterpart —the Anxious/Depressed scale. The recently developed and rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales thus generally do not add incremental clinical utility above that already afforded by the syndrome scales
with respect to corresponding with diagnoses. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Michelle R. Gryczkowski Sara S. Jordan Sterett H. Mercer 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(5):539-546
We examined differences in mothers’ and fathers’ parenting practices in relation to child externalizing behavior. Data were
collected from a community sample of 135 cohabiting couples with a child aged 6–12. The couples were recruited through undergraduate
and graduate students. Both parents were required to complete a series of questionnaires assessing demographic, parental,
and child variables. Results indicated that after controlling for parental depression and marital conflict, all parenting
variables were significantly related to child externalizing behavior; however, parent and/or child sex moderated these relations.
Specifically, parental involvement was only significant for fathers and sons, positive parenting was only significant for
mothers and sons, poor monitoring/supervision was only significant for girls, and only mothers’ inconsistent discipline was
related to externalizing behavior. These results offer practical information regarding identification of children at risk
for behavioral problems, as well as potential targets for prevention and intervention. 相似文献
11.
Positive and Negative Affect in Parents and Adolescents: Gender and Assessment Method Considerations
This study examined adolescents’ self-reports and parents’ reports of adolescents’ positive and negative affect toward their
parents, as well as mothers’ and fathers’ self-reports of positive and negative affect toward their adolescents. Based on
behavioral observations, adolescent–parent interactions were examined to determine the relation between adolescent–parent
behavior, adolescents’ perceptions of parental affect, and parents’ perceptions of adolescent affect. Gender of adolescents,
gender of parents, and adolescent gender by parent gender interaction effects were studied as was adolescents’ age. Findings
suggest that parent gender (i.e., mothers and fathers) and adolescent gender (i.e., boys and girls) are important considerations
when studying affect in parent–adolescent relationships. Age-related differences were not evident. Results are discussed with
an eye toward improving the assessment of parent–adolescent affect by using multiple methods of assessment such as direct
behavioral observations and multiple informants on questionnaire measures. 相似文献
12.
Ruth Gaunt 《Sex roles》2006,55(7-8):523-533
This study draws on Bem’s conceptualization (The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993) of biological essentialism to explore fathers’ and mothers’ involvement in child care. The relationships between parental
essentialist perceptions, gender ideology, fathers’ role attitudes, and various forms of involvement in child care were examined.
Two hundred and nine couples with 6–36-month-old children completed extensive questionnaires. Analyses revealed that fathers’
essentialist perceptions predicted involvement in child care tasks and hours of care by the mother, whereas mothers’ essentialist
perceptions predicted hours of care by the father. Parents’ attitudes toward the father’s role predicted involvement in child
care tasks. Parents’ attitudes and perceptions contributed to involvement in child care even after the effects of the parents’
employment were controlled. The importance of examining various aspects of parents’ views, and distinguishing different forms
of involvement in child care is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Christina M. Rodriguez 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):631-639
Although considerable research has investigated parenting stress and children’s externalizing behavior problems, comparatively
less has considered parenting stress in relation to children’s internalizing difficulties. Even less research on parenting
stress has incorporated children’s report of their internalizing symptoms or the potential mediating role of children’s attributional
style. The current study hypothesized that children’s independent reports of internalizing symptoms would be associated with
mothers’ reports of parenting stress through children’s attributional style. A community sample of 92 mother–child dyads participated.
Results suggest maternal parenting stress from both child and parent sources were significantly associated with children’s
anxious and depressive symptoms. Parenting stress was associated with children’s internalizing symptoms partially mediated
by children’s maladaptive attributional style, primarily negative attributions for positive outcomes. Findings are discussed
in terms of future directions to tease apart specific areas of parenting stress that may be most pertinent as well as to explore
other cognitive mechanisms in children that may relate to parenting stress and children’s adjustment. 相似文献
14.
Mark D. Rapport Scott V. LaFond Stephen A. Sivo 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(4):309-319
A majority of research investigating aggression and its development in children relies on rating scales such as the Child
Behavior Checklist (CBCL). These scales typically are developed using a conventional factor analytic approach for the selection
and retention of scale items, but may contain insufficient items to assess the unidimensionality and developmental trajectory
of youths’ aggressive behavior. Rasch analysis was employed to determine the extent to which CBCL Aggressive and Delinquent
clinical syndrome scale items reflect the unidimensionality and expected developmental trajectory of aggressive behavior based
on parent endorsements of 455, 6 to 16 year old boys referred to community mental health centers. The two scales showed considerable
promise as a unidimensional aggression scale and mimic the expected developmental pattern of aggressive behavior in extant
literature. Future development of an aggressive CBCL dimensional subscale, however, must eliminate redundant and non-contributing
items, and include severe aggressive behavior items exhibited by persistently aggressive youths. 相似文献
15.
This study was intended to examine the relationship among children’s emotionality, parental meta-emotion, and parent–child
attachment. The sample consisted of 546 5th and 6th grade children and their mothers. The test instruments used in this study
were the Emotionality subscale of the EAS Temperament Survey (mothers’ ratings only), the Parental Meta-Emotion Survey (mothers’
ratings only) and the Attachment Security Scale (children’s ratings only). Our results showed that maternal meta-emotion (emotion
coaching plus emotion dismissing) was associated with children’s attachment security vis-à-vis their mothers. Mothers who
tended to adopt an emotion-coaching philosophy were more likely to achieve secure parent–child attachments, as reported by
their children. Children whose mothers tended to adopt an emotion-dismissing philosophy reported lower levels of attachment
security. There were no direct or indirect effects of children’s emotionality on their attachment security. Parental meta-emotion,
but not children’s emotionality, was significantly associated with children’s attachment security. The results indicate the
importance of parenting factors in determining the parent–child relationship. Parental education programs that focus on parental
attitudes and practices related to emotion should be advocated. 相似文献
16.
Objective assessment of child and adolescent behavioral and emotional symptoms is traditionally obtained from multiple sources.
However, a substantial body of research indicates that parental and child reports provide significant amounts of contradicting
diagnostic information. Although a large and growing body of research attempts to identify potential influences of discrepant
reports, the current research improves upon previous research in three primary ways: using identical item measures, using
expanded statistical analyses, and evaluating cultural influences on observed discrepancies. A total of 2,153 parent–child
dyads completed ratings of child behavior and emotional functioning. Specifically, parents and children completed the Ohio
Scales, an empirically supported, identical item measure. Generally, reporter agreement was greater than typically reported.
Similar to previous research with clinical populations, parents reported greater levels of child problems than their children.
While age was not associated with observed discrepancies, parents and daughters demonstrated greater discrepancies on fewer
specific items while parents and sons demonstrated more pervasive yet less severe discrepancies. Additionally, Hispanic dyads
demonstrated less discrepancy than did African American and Caucasian dyads independent of discrepancy analysis. Discrepancies
must be measured using multiple statistical methods in order to understand patterns. Furthermore, discrepancy research must
address key demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, gender). 相似文献
17.
As advancements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in increasing survival rates, the psychosocial functioning
of child patients has become an increasingly important issue. In this pilot study, we investigate the relationships among
parents’ characteristics, children’s characteristics, and the quality of life experienced by children who are diagnosed with
cancer. Forty-seven mothers, sixteen fathers, and nineteen children completed measures about their own psychological functioning
as well as measures about the children’s quality of life. Mothers’ ratings of their children’s quality of life were correlated
positively with the ratings provided by both fathers and the children themselves. In addition, significant relationships were
found between mothers’ depression and parenting stress and children’s quality of life as well as between mothers’ and fathers’
anxiety and children’s quality of life. Finally, using regression analyses, mothers’, fathers’, and children’s ratings of
their own characteristics predicted significantly their ratings of the children’s quality of life. The importance of examining
the psychological characteristics of family members when assessing the quality of life of children who are diagnosed with
cancer is discussed. 相似文献
18.
The current study investigated the influence of maternal ADHD symptoms on: (a) mothers’ own social functioning; (b) their
child’s social functioning; and (c) parent–child interactions following a lab-based playgroup involving children and their
peers. Participants were 103 biological mothers of children ages 6–10. Approximately half of the children had ADHD, and the
remainder were comparison youth. After statistical control of children’s ADHD diagnostic status and mothers’ educational attainment,
mothers’ own inattentive ADHD symptoms predicted poorer self-reported social skills. Children with ADHD were reported to have
more social problems by parents and teachers, as well as received fewer positive sociometric nominations from playgroup peers
relative to children without ADHD. After control of child ADHD status, higher maternal inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity
each predicted children having more parent-reported social problems; maternal inattention predicted children receiving more
negative sociometric nominations from playgroup peers. There were interactions between maternal ADHD symptoms and children’s
ADHD diagnostic status in predicting some child behaviors and parent–child relationship measures. Specifically, maternal inattention
was associated with decreased prosocial behavior for children without ADHD, but did not influence the prosocial behavior of
children with ADHD. Maternal inattention was associated with mothers’ decreased corrective feedback and, at a trend level,
decreased irritability toward their children with ADHD, but there was no relationship between maternal inattention and maternal
behaviors for children without ADHD. A similar pattern was observed for maternal hyperactivity/impulsivity and mothers’ observed
irritability towards their children. Treatment implications of findings are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Molly Nikolas Kelly L. Klump S. Alexandra Burt 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2013,41(2):239-251
Prior work has suggested that inter-parental conflict likely plays an etiological role in child behavior problems. However, family-level measurement of inter-parental conflict in most traditional child twin studies has made it difficult to tease apart the specific causal mechanisms underlying this association. The Children’s Perception of Inter-parental Conflict scale (CPIC) provides a child-specific measurement tool for examining these questions, as its subscales tap multiple dimensions of conflict assessed from the child’s (rather than the parent’s) perspective. The current study examined (1) the degree of genetic and environmental influence on each of the CPIC subscales, and (2) etiological contributions to the covariation between the CPIC scales and parental reports of child behavioral problems. The CPIC was completed by 1,200 child twins (aged 6–11 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Multivariate models were examined to evaluate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to both the CPIC scales and to their overlap with child behavioral outcomes. Modeling results indicated no significant moderation of sex or age. Significant environmental overlap emerged between the CPIC conflict properties scale and child internalizing and externalizing problems. By contrast, significant genetic correlations emerged between the CPIC self-blame scale and externalizing problems as well as between the CPIC threat scale and internalizing problems. Overall, findings suggest that the subscales of the CPIC are somewhat etiologically diverse and may provide a useful tool for future investigations of possible gene-environment interplay. 相似文献
20.
Andrea V. McPherson Kristen M. Lewis Amy E. Lynn Mary E. Haskett Tara S. Behrend 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):61-69
We examined a model of parenting stress for abusive mothers (n = 80) and nonabusive mothers (n = 86) using linear regression analyses. Predictors in the model included (a) the degree to which mothers were bothered by
child misbehavior, (b) mothers’ general psychological functioning, and (c) observed child behavior during parent–child interactions.
Whether abuse status moderated the relations between each predictor and parenting stress was also explored. Results indicated
that mothers’ psychological functioning significantly predicted parenting stress; however, neither mothers’ intolerance for
their children’s misbehavior nor observed child behavior were significant predictors of parenting stress in the regression
model. A test of moderation revealed a significant interaction between parental intolerance and abuse status such that intolerance
predicted parenting stress level only for abusive mothers. A comparison of correlations indicated that abusive mothers’ level
of parenting stress was more closely related to their intolerance for child conduct problems than to the child’s behavior
during play with their mothers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions to reduce parenting stress
experienced by nonabusive and abusive mothers. 相似文献