气候变化的心理影响及应对策略

气候变化是指人类活动直接或间接导致的气候方面的改变, 是本世纪人类面临的最大挑战之一。气候变化对个人的认知、情绪及行为均有影响, 这些心理影响对大多数人而言是渐进式的。目前已有的研究发现, 气候变化的应对策略包括问题聚焦、情绪聚焦和意义聚焦三种, 而意义聚焦可能是其中最有利于心理健康的应对策略。未来的研究需要进一步界定某些重要概念, 并使之能够操作化, 需要探讨气候变化应对策略与心理健康之间的关系, 研究中国人气候变化应对策略的特征等。     

论建筑施工中的信息管理及应对策略

随着全球信息时代的来临,信息成为企业竞争和生存的关键所在,建筑施工企业也不例外,对施工过程中的各种信息进行及时准确地收集、储存、传递、处理及应用,成为建筑施工项目管理的重点。尤其是在当前建筑市场竞争日益激烈的情况下,对施工项目信息管理的好坏,直接关系到项目各项目标能否顺利实现,关系到企业生存和发展的好坏。     

中国心理学原创性的缺失及应对策略

本文从社会历史、科学、文化、哲学以及研究者和学科层面,分析了我国心理学原创性缺失的原因。提出了面向中国传统文化和哲学,推进本土心理学的研究,强化我国科学技术的创新能力以及用涵化的方式处理引进与发展、创新的关系等策略,以提升我国心理学的原创性。     

农户对气候灾害认知以及应对策略分析

气候变化是国际社会普遍关注的热点问题之一。以江苏三个区域(苏南、苏中、苏北)的农户为实地调查对象,有约70%农户能认识到天气变化。江苏的农户主要通过自己感知的方式认知天气的变化,约90%的农户认为气候变化表现为温度上升。农户趋向于依靠自身的力量来规避气候灾害,而较少依靠外部力量。江苏各地区大部分农户对农业保险的保险服务基本上持满意态度。提出加大对农户教育培训经费的投入,强化对农户的有关气候变化知识的宣传教育和组织引导,提高农业气象预报的准确性和及时性,加强天气保险基础理论和精算技术的研究力度等政策建议。     

世界粮食安全走势与我国的应对策略

当前国际市场粮价大幅攀升,一场国际性"粮荒"正在波及许多国家和地区。中国是一个拥有13亿人口的大国,尽管我国目前粮食储备充裕,但也存在影响粮食安全的因素。现在经济全球化进程加快,国内外农产品市场关系越来越紧密。面对国内外粮食安全形势的变化,我国应采取积极的对策,确保粮食安全,始终做到"手中有粮"。     

中学生道德问题应对策略研究

按Carolyn Saarni对儿童在社会交往和情绪问题上应对策略的研究,在小样本初测基础上,以124名我国中学生为被试、以道德问题情境故事作为刺激材料、对他们的道德问题应对策略之选择及其相应的内心体验作了调查。结果表明,我国中学生道德问题应对策略有五类,他们大多能选择具有积极社会意义的策略,不同年级和面对不同道德问题时他们的选择会有差异,选择不同的应对策略时他们会有不同的内心体验,在“角色投射”时他们的内心体验更为强烈。     

初中生人格型乐观、应对策略与学业成绩的关系

采用生活取向测量、应对方式量表对514名初中生进行调查,旨在了解人格型乐观主义、应对策略与学业成绩之间的关系。运用相关分析和回归分析的方法对它们的关系进行了考察。结果发现初中生积极和消极应对策略在其乐观主义影响学业成绩中的中介效应不显著,在不同学业成绩群体中,乐观主义、应对策略和学业成绩的关系会产生变化,乐观主义和积极应对策略对学业成绩有显著的预测力。     

初中生道德情景应对的调查研究

目的：考查初中生的道德情景应对策略和情感体验。方法：采用道德情景故事问卷，对初一到初三的488名学生进行调查。结果：初中生在道德情景应对策略没有性别差异，而情感体验方面存在极其显著的性别差异。在道德应对策略上，存在类别和年级差异，情感体验上不存在类别差异，但存在年级差异。结论：应该加强初中生的道德情景应对策略和情感体验方面的训练。     

《儿童人际冲突应对策略量表》的编制

为研究儿童心理与行为发展的需要,对儿童人际冲突应对策略量表进行编制。抽取8-14岁小学儿童392名,采用团体测试的方法进行测量。通过因素分析提取5个因素:问题解决、求助、逃避、情绪内倾化和情绪外倾化。量表结构比较稳定。各分量表的内部一致性信度系数和分半信度系数分别为0.56-0.84和0.54-0.83;两周重测信度系数0.86。专家评定结果表明各分量表的内容效度理想。结果表明该量表是一种较实用的测量儿童人际冲突应对策略的工具。     

受欺负中小学生的应对策略与干预措施

在中小学里,欺负是一种较为常见的不良行为,其应对策略的选择是影响学生是否容易受到欺负的重要因素之一。本文从应对策略的内涵、选择、影响应对策略成功的因素及国外对欺负行为的干预等方面的研究作了简要评述,并针对国内的欺负行为的现状提出若干建议。     

Relations Among Children's Coping Strategies and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Coping Efficacy

The current study tests a model that depicts the relationships among coping strategies (active, distraction, avoidance, and support seeking) and anxiety symptoms. SEM is used to test if the relationship between these variables is mediated by coping efficacy. A large sample of Canadian children (N = 506) aged 8 to 11 years (boys = 249, girls = 245, unknown gender = 12) participated in the study. Results showed that coping efficacy is a partial mediator of the relations between active coping strategies and anxiety symptoms, however support was not found for it to be an effective mediator for other coping strategies. This study contributes to the understanding of childhood anxiety by highlighting the importance of the relationship between anxiety and the methods children use to cope with stress and how perceptions of their coping abilities influence this relationship.     

教师应付方式及其与心理健康的相关研究

该研究旨在探讨教师应付方式及其与心理健康的关系。结果表明：城乡教师、不同教龄教师、男女教师、中小学教师应付方式有显著差异。教师应付方式与其心理健康水平之间有关系．但关系并不密切。     

Perceived and Actual Effectiveness of Coping Strategies Used When Forgiving

This study examined coping strategies that young adults use when forgiving and the perceived and actual effectiveness of these strategies in predicting forgiveness behaviors. Results showed that participants used positive reinterpretation/growth and active coping most and perceived these 2 strategies as being effective when forgiving. Although positive reinterpretation/growth did predict forgiveness behaviors, active coping did not, which suggests that young adults may not be aware of the most effective coping strategies for forgiving others. Contributions of the study, including results on the coping strategies that predict forgiveness behaviors, are discussed.     

儒家式应对思想及其对心理健康的影响

研究中国人的应对有两种思路,一是以西方应对理论为研究基础,二是从中国社会文化现状构造研究依据。 文章首先分析了儒家式应对的内容和特征,进而编制了儒家式应对问卷。530个样本的数据分析表明,儒家式应对包括4个因素：挫折内在乐观性、“命”认识、人的责任性、挫折作用评价。儒家式应对与本研究中体现心理健康的CES-D、SAS、SWLS有确切的关系,儒家式应对思想有利于心理健康。文章最后讨论了儒家式应对在心理健康中的作用机制     

Gendered Mental Disorders: Masculine and Feminine Stereotypes About Mental Disorders and Their Relation to Stigma

Research indicates that stereotypes can intersect. For example, the intersection of stereotypes about gender and mental disorders could result in perceptions of gendered mental disorders. In the current research, Studies 1 and 2 showed that people view specific disorders as being masculine or feminine. The masculine stereotype included antisocial personality disorder, addictions, and paraphilias. The feminine stereotype included eating disorders, histrionic personality disorder, body dysmorphia, and orgasmic disorder. In both studies, the perception of disorders as masculine was positively correlated with stigma. Study 3 showed that the positive correlation between masculinity and stigma also occurred when examining specific symptoms rather than full mental disorders. The findings provide further evidence for the intersection of stereotypes and indicate a novel factor in the understanding of stigma.     

Coping Strategies and Psychological Outcomes: The Moderating Effects of Personal Resiliency

Certain coping strategies alleviate stress and promote positive psychological outcomes, whereas others exacerbate stress and promote negative psychological outcomes. However, the efficacy of any given coping strategy may also depend on personal resiliency. This study examined whether personal resiliency moderated the effects of task-oriented, avoidance-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping strategies on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, positive affect, negative affect, and satisfaction with life. Results (N = 424 undergraduates) showed higher personal resiliency was associated with greater use of task-oriented coping strategies, which were in turn associated with more adaptive outcomes, and less reliance on nonconstructive emotion-oriented strategies, which in turn were associated with poorer psychological outcomes. In addition, individual differences in personal resiliency moderated the effects of task-oriented coping on negative affect and of emotion-oriented coping on negative affect and depression. Specifically, proactive task-oriented coping was associated with greater negative affect for people lower in personal resiliency. Moreover, high personal resiliency attenuated the negative effects of emotion-oriented coping on depression and negative affect. The effects of avoidance-oriented coping were mixed and were not associated with or dependent on levels of personal resiliency.     

Emotion Regulation and Coping Strategies in Pedagogical Students with Different Attachment Styles

Abstract : Emotion regulation (ER) and coping strategies were compared in 242 pedagogical students from the Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, with different attachment styles: secure (51.3%), fearful (31.9%), preoccupied (14.2%), and dismissive (2.7%). The students’ ages ranged from 18 to 24 years ( M = 19.02; SD = .92), and the majority were female (95.0%). They completed three questionnaires assessing their attachment styles and their use of ER and coping strategies. It was determined that the students used the majority of ER and coping strategies sometimes. Somewhat different patterns in the use of ER and coping strategies were, however, present in each attachment‐based group. Significant differences between these groups appeared in their use of the ER strategies of social support, suppression, and comfort eating, and in the coping strategies of seeking social support and escaping or avoiding stressful situations.     

Coping Strategies and Resolution in Mothers of Children With Cerebral Palsy

“Parental resolution” represents parents coming to terms with their child’s health condition. Differences in the use of coping strategies between mothers who were resolved versus unresolved to their child’s diagnosis was investigated, and a possible moderating effect of these strategies was explored. A strategy aimed at mobilizing the family to acquire and accept help (institutional, formal support) was shown to be a significant moderating variable, in a way that its more frequent use allowed mothers of children with better functional status (but not mothers of children with poorer functional status) to reach resolution.     

一种古老而后现代的与文化相关的精神障碍——膜拜痴迷意识转换状况

以临床观察为根据 ,以文献回顾为基础 ,提出了“膜拜痴迷意识转换状况”是一种古老而后现代的与文化相关的精神障碍的观点 ,并讨论了与发病相关的社会文化与个体心理因素     

Stressors and Coping Strategies of State University Students in a Developing Country

The study examined stressors and coping strategies of 281 Social Sciences students at the Midlands State University in Zimbabwe (49% female, 51% male). A questionnaire was used to collect data. The results showed that the 7 most common stressors were: finance, reading resources, accommodation, food, transport, inadequate infrastructure and lecturer related problems. The students mentioned 34 coping strategies that were categorized and then analysed for effectiveness. The effects of sex, residence status and academic year differences were evaluated using Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis rank order analysis of variance. There were no significant differences in coping strategies for stressors by demographic variables.