阿德勒心理治疗对人本主义心理治疗的影响

人本主义心理学家马斯洛和罗杰斯早年曾受教于阿德勒,其学术思想和临床实践深受阿德勒的影响。阿德勒心理治疗强调人格统一性、主观能动性以及社会文化属性,重视自我意识和自我价值在心理发展中的重要意义,注重探讨人的潜能、价值和发展问题,为人本主义心理治疗发展提供前提条件。在心理治疗理念上,人本主义心理治疗坚持自我整合观,重视内在价值诉求,倡导积极人性观。在治疗实践中,人本主义心理治疗注重治疗关系的建立,将无条件积极关注、真诚一致以及共情列为心理治疗的核心要素。     

试析后现代心理学影响下的心理治疗与咨询

后现代心理学强调心理现象的建构特性和心理学知识的文化相对性。后现代背景下的心理治疗和咨询接受社会建构主义的认识论主张,认为病理心理是语言的社会建构,并没有客观的意义。所有的治疗和咨询理论都是一种“建构”或“叙事”,而不是所谓的“真理”。承认这一点,将有助于在后现代多元化的基础上,实现各种治疗和咨询理论的整合。     

后现代心理治疗及其伦理问题思考

文章通过论述后现代对现代认识论和思维模式的质疑与超越,分析了后现代语境下心理治疗与现代心理治疗的差异,并关注在后现代这一新的思维模式下,心理治疗领域可能产生的伦理问题。作者指出,后现代心理治疗的不确定性、价值干预和文化介入,使心理治疗的伦理挑战被进一步复杂化,对治疗师也提出了更高要求。     

皮亚杰建构说在心理治疗中的临床价值

建构主义的平衡化理论是整个皮亚杰学说的精华部分,把皮亚杰的建构说运用于心理治疗的领域,是一项开创性的系统工程.本文从心理病理学、心理诊断和心理治疗三个方面,深入探讨了皮亚杰建构说在心理治疗领域中的临床价值,这将有力地促进心理治疗的重心从求乐论模式向适应社会环境的控制论模式转移,在心理治疗的发展史上具有重大的理论意义和实践意义.     

“罗杰斯治疗”简介

熟悉心理学史的人都知道,心理学同医学有着密切的联系。其表现之一是,许多学派的心理学家都论述了某些医学问题,这些理论与方法已被用于医学。例如,精神分析、行为矫正和生物反馈心理治疗就是精神分析心理学和行为主义心理学对医学的应用的产物。人本主义心理学也不例外;至于人本主义心理学的观点,国内已有较多评论,本文仅简介它的医学应用——“罗杰斯治疗”。罗杰斯治疗(Rogerian Therapy)是人本主义心理学的倡导者C、罗杰斯(CarlRogers)所提出的一种心理治疗,它属于经验主义(存在主义——现象学——人本主义)的心理治疗流派。这一流派的心理治疗家们认为,只有联系到通过自我调整而现实化了的     

人际沟通分析:帮助觉察并承担责任的个人成长理论

<正>人际沟通分析(transactional analysis,TA)由伯恩(Eric Berne)在上世纪60年代创立,是可观察的精神动力学人格与治疗理论。它是与存在主义心理治疗、人本主义心理治疗、完形心理治疗、萨提亚模式等同时代的理论模型,曾因为《人间游戏》一书而呈现给全世界的大众。这股风潮延续了十多年,倒逼很多专业人士学习和接受,是二十世纪心理治疗领域的奇异之花。1970年伯恩去世后,TA理论由伯恩发起的"周     

心理治疗视域中自我认识的嬗变与启迪

自我认识是多学科、多领域探索的主题;认识自我是心理学的根本命题,也是心理治疗过程中的焦点所在。对包括精神分析疗法、认知行为疗法及以人为中心疗法的传统心理治疗、后现代叙事疗法及正念疗法的自我观进行梳理,揭示出心理治疗自我观从传统心理治疗流派的实体自我到后现代叙事疗法的关系自我,再到正念疗法无常无我的演变轨迹,发现东方佛教与西方心理学自我观走向融合的趋势,心理治疗各流派的理论和技术也日趋走向整合。     

社会建构主义:后现代知识论的“终结”

近年来,一种试图超越后现代思想的哲学理念正悄然兴起,这就是社会建构主义(social con-structivism或者social constructionalism①)。“建构主义是社会科学家阻止后现代主义潮流的理念,而共建就是建构主义达到这一目的的方法。”(Pettman,p.13)但何谓社会建构主义?更为深层的问题是,如何理解社会建构主义?国内外学界往往把社会建构主义理解为后现代语境的新康德主义、方法论的相对主义或“修辞学转向”。这是对社会建构主义的误解,其实质是把社会建构主义中的某些极端诉求或个别思想家在特定语境中的过激言论,当作社会建构主义的理论实质…     

后现代视野中的心理治疗及其思考

现代心理治疗与后现代心理治疗在关于认识论、知识的性质、标准、构造以及语言的作用等方面存在诸多差异。前者是对客观与理性的探寻．后者是对主观建构的追求。尽管人们对后现代心理治疗尚有诸多争论,但却能引发人们在扩展对心理治疗性质之认识、推进心理治疗本土化、克服心理治疗中的非人格化倾向等方面的有益思考。     

心理治疗的医学模式和人文模式的述评

本考察了心理治疗史的百年发展，从千差万别的治疗流派中发现了两种较为典型的治疗模式，即以古典精神分析为代表的医学模式和以人本主义心理治疗为代表的人模式，从总体上看，在心理治疗的三大主要的理论体系中，人模式的出现晚于医学模式从第一理论体系的内部的发展进程上看，同样表现出由医学模式向人模式的演进。因此，从不同理论体系发展的殊途同归这一总体趋势中，我们可以看到在心理治疗领域，由医学模式向人模式嬗     

We Have Failed

SUMMARY

This article explores the changing nature of the psy-chotherapeutic world in relationship to the values crisis evident in our lack of reaction to the Gulf War. It attempts to examine the underlying valuelessness of the new post-modem psychotherapeutic systems with special attention to the impact of that changing value structure on humanistic psychotherapy, the mental health community and the significance of this shifting as it relates to the Gulf War. The author examines these philosophic systems that underlie various post-modern approaches and their challenge to universal humanism and humanistic values. Finally the reader is encouraged to reassess the underlying value base of their therapeutic, methodological, and philosophical systems.     

On the Future of Group Therapy Theory

The author presents a hypothetical view of group therapy theories as they may evolve over the first decades of the New Milennium. Looking at the problem of prediction from the standpoint of postmodernism and social constructivism, the importance of these perspectives as frameworks of the social sciences is emphasized. The influence of general systems theory, Foulkesian group analysis, object relations theory, self psychology, cognitive-behavioral psychology, and neuropsychiatry are briefly examined with respect to the expected evolution of increasingly sophisticated, detailed, and nuanced theories of group psychology and group psychotherapy.     

心理治疗两种范式的对立及其整合

心理治疗有两种不同的范式:科学主义治疗范式和人文主义治疗范式。前者主要由行为疗法和认知—行为疗法的诸种治疗形式所构成;后者则包括当事人中心疗法、存在疗法等。两种范式在人性观、心理诊断、治疗关系、治疗方法和治疗目的等方面存在着明显的对立。对此进行分析,并提出两者整合的构思,以期裨益于心理治疗实践。     

Reauthoring One's Own Life in the Face of Being HIV+: Promoting Healthier Narratives with Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy

We describe here a narrative-based psychotherapy for a woman in her 40s who had been HIV+ since the age of 21 and who suffered from posttraumatic symptoms related to having received the diagnosis. She had also suffered from self-stigma and had lost the capacity to envision a future filled with hope. Treating individuals with HIV who face posttraumatic symptoms and stigma can be challenging for the clinician. A narrative approach to therapy can be helpful for these persons, in order to overcome symptoms, build a more benevolent self-image, feel accepted by society, and promote posttraumatic growth. Current evidence indicates that such an approach is mostly lacking. We describe how we applied metacognitive interpersonal therapy—an approach rooted in narrative constructivism. By using this treatment, the patient could overcome posttraumatic symptoms, participate in social activities after years of avoidance and isolation, and recover her sense of being a person able to make plans for the future with strength and dignity. Discussion includes ideas of how to generalize some of the mechanisms that have likely been effective in this therapy to other individuals with HIV.     

Development of Family Therapy and Systemic Therapy in Germany

The roots of systemic therapy in Germany date back to the sixties. Systemic therapy is one of the most widely applied forms of psychotherapy and counseling in Germany. The majority of therapists and counselors in child guidance centers, couples therapy counseling centers and youth protective services have been trained in systemic therapy. A high number of clinical psychologists, social workers and medical doctors have received training in this model of therapy. In the beginning, multigenerational, experiential, as well as structural-strategic and Milan systemic approaches were popular. Today, the post-modern systems concepts, solution-oriented and narrative approaches and self-organization theory appear to be predominant. Some centers provide research and training in behavioral and psychodynamic family and couples therapy. However, systemic approaches are clearly leading the field with over 10,000 people who have received systemic training and about 150 training institutes across the country. The critical attitude shared by many leading figures towards empirical research has limited its success in university programs. In addition, training is usually provided in the form of post-graduate courses rather than at academic institutions. Currently, three journals and one online-journal publish articles on various systemic topics. Many publishing houses have a series of books on systemic therapy and one publishing house specializes exclusively on systems oriented books. In 2008, systemic therapy gained recognition as an evidence-based treatment. Four years later, the appropriate authorities have not initiated the process of assessing it as a treatment paid for by public health insurances. In consequence, systemic therapy is not available on a large scale in the public outpatient psychotherapy system. Some additional remarks are provided on the history and current situation of systemic therapy in Austria and Switzerland.     

Challenges of patient‐led mental health services to psychoanalytic clinicians

This paper considers implications to psychoanalytic psychotherapy of the British Government's decision to implement a patient choice agenda for state‐funded mental health services in England and Wales. It places the patient choice agenda in the context of consumerist society and argues that the complex nature of psychoanalytic psychotherapy leaves it more vulnerable than other psychological therapy modalities to compete in the current reality of ‘consumer’‐led public mental health, which, in turn reflects a profoundly changed social context from that to which psychoanalysis traces its roots. Unless psychoanalytic clinicians recognize and find ways to adjust to this context they will jeopardize the survival of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in an increasingly market‐orientated model of mental healthcare provision in the public sector, eager to promote more ‘consumer friendly’ psychological therapy models.     

表演心理学与社会治疗

从后现代主义心理学思潮中脱颖而出的社会治疗最初是由美国心理学家弗莱德&#183;纽曼创建于20世纪70年代,其理论基础是路易斯&#183;赫兹曼等人提出的表演心理学。表演心理学融合了当前学科研究的趋势,是对主流心理学的挑战。表演心理学的社会治疗观并不是直接帮助人们解决现有问题,而是通过发展创造性的表演活动为人们构建一种全新的生活形式。     

试论存在主义对人本主义心理学的影响

从人本主义心理学产生发展的背景,研究命题与体系式思想．研究方法及在咨询和治疗上的应用四个方面来探讨存在主义对人本主义心理学的积极影响。主要关注存在主义作为一种哲学思潮在对人性,人的生存方式和独特性的看法上给予人本主义心理学的启示．以及存在主义的创新的本体论对于人本主义心理学在跳出传统心理学模式走上“第三条道路”上的推动作用。     

Cultural Psychotherapy: A Consideration of Psychosocial Class and Cultural Differences in Group Treatment

Most psychotherapists are aware of the many social issues and cultural factors that influence development throughout each individual life. Human nature, being a social nature, exists within relationships to others, the community, and a culture, sometimes a mixture of cultures. One social parameter, social class, redefined here as psychosocial class, has not received the same attention from psychotherapists as gender issues or ethnicity, two other important sociocultural spheres of influence on everyday life. It is suggested that group therapists are in a unique position to develop a cultural psychotherapy that addresses psychosocial class and cultural aspects of mental health. This paper includes a preliminary model of cultural psychotherapy that highlights the psychology of social class and culture for psychodynamic group psychotherapy.     

The self in cyberspace. Identity formation in postmodern societies and Jung's Self as an objective psyche.

Jung's concept of the Self is compared with current theories of identity formation in post-modern society concerning the question: is the self constituted through experience and cultural influences--as it is argued by current theories in the social sciences--or is it already preformed inside the person, as Jung argues? The impact of communication media on the formation of identity in today's societies is discussed with a focus on internet communication and virtual realities. The resulting types of identities are conceptualized as polycentric which has surprising parallels to Jung's idea of the Self. The epistemology of constructivism and parallels in Jung's thought are demonstrated. Jung's work in this respect often appears contradictory in itself but this can be dealt with by a postmodern approach which accepts a plurality of truths.