人类工效学文摘与动态

应广大读者的要求,本刊从这一期起开辟“人类工效学文摘与动态”栏目,登载国内外重要学术刊物发表的人类工效学研究报告摘要,该领域最近重要学术活动的各种消息和有关书讯等。其中,经与与国际人类工效学会正式刊物《人类工效学》杂志商定,本刊将与《人类工效学》杂志相互登载对方发表的研究报告摘要,以期促进学术交流与合作,推动我国人类工效学的研究与应用。     

第八届国际工效学会议在东京召开

1982年8月23—27日在日本东京举行了第八届国际工效学会议。笔者应邀参加了这次会议,现将会议情况向心理学界同志作一汇报。 工效学(Ergonomics)一词在我国有不同的译法,有人译为“人-机学”。在美国则多用“人类工程学”(Human Engineering),但美国的工效学组织称为“人素学会”(Human     

学习论视角下的教育工效学理论模型的发展与应用

教育工效学是工效学研究中长期被忽视的重要研究领域,其发展以各教育工效学模型的提出为主线。本文从模型设计、模型应用和学习论视角出发,分析了Kao模型,Smith模型和六角轴模型的理论基础,发现现有的这三个模型在设计上多从工效学角度出发,与学习论的结合不够紧密。为了给信息化教学系统设计提供更有价值的理论模型和更可行的设计方法,有必要从工效学原理与教学理论的深度衔接入手,并基于学习论的视角给模型应用和完善提供一些可行的建议。     

企业新产品开发决策的影响因素

本研究运用访谈、个案追踪分析和问卷法,探索了影响企业新产品开发决策的各类因素以及企业组织宏观环境不确定性的维度。影响企业新产品开发决策的因素既有宏观环境因素、企业内部环境因素,也有管理者本身心理因素。文章从理论上说明了对企业重大决策特别是象新产品开发那样的决策研究,必须从宏观工效学出发。     

欧洲法语国家工效学概况

本文主要介绍欧洲工效学(法语国家工效学)的特点及其研究近况,并提出了欧洲工效学研究的新趋势,对于我国人类工效学的研究和运用有许多借鉴之处.     

全国工业心理学与认知工效学1990年学术年会(简讯)

中国心理学会工业心理学专业委员会和中国人类工效学认知工效学专业委员会于11月5日～10日在杭州大学心理学系联合召开了“全国工业心理学与认知工效学1990年学术年会”.这次会议的目的是交流近年来的科研成果,促进学科的发展.来自全国各地各高等院校、科研机构和企、事业单位的70多名代表参加了这次会议.会议共收到学术论文80多篇,刊印了专的会议论文集.反映了近几年来我国管理心理学、工程心理学和认     

中国工业心理学、中国认知工效学学术年会在上海胜利召开

中国心理学会工业心理学专业委员会和中国人类工效学会认知工效学专业委员会联合于92年11月25日至28日在上海华东师范大学举行学术年会.参加这次会议的有来自全国工业心理学和认知工效学工作者代表、专家及上海企业界人士共70余人.香港大学心理学系周伟立博士应邀参加了会议.华东师大副校长江铭教授、中国人类工效学会理事长沈荣芳教授出席了会议开幕式并讲话.华东师大心理学系俞文剑教授与杭州大学心理学系王重鸣教授主持了开幕式.中国工业心理学专业委员会主任和中国认知工效学专业委员会主任朱祖祥教授在大会上就”加强应用研究、加速发展我国心理学“问题作了专题学术报告.     

论韩非思想对现代企业管理的借鉴意义

国家的振兴靠经济,经济的振兴靠企业,企业的振兴靠管理。对中国的实际情况来说,企业管理的出路在“法制”,这就需要提高全民的重“法”意识,从根本上改变我国重“礼”轻“法”的社会倾向。在企业管理中,就是要树立依“法”管理企业的思想,按照市场经济的客观要求,建立健全管理制度,以制度规范和约束企业及员工的行为,使现代企业管理走向理性和成熟。为此,我们有必要重温历史,研究和借鉴以韩非为代表的法家管理思想。     

略论宗教经济研究范式

美国学者罗德尼．斯达克教授和罗杰尔．芬克教授以经济学中的“理性人假设”为逻辑起点，从微观的个体宗教行为拓展到中观的宗教组织动力乃至宏观的宗教大市场．详细系统地提出了宗教经济研究范式。宗教经济研究范式批判了传统关于宗教非理性选择的认知．认为宗教行为是建立在回报与代价权衡基础之上的理性选择。宗教经济研究范式带有强烈的人类中心主义色彩，其主张用经济学理性假设来衡量、判断宗教理性的观点值得我们深入探讨。     

国外人类工效学发展的新动向

人类工效学是通过研究人与工作对象,工作环境之间的关系,使人机系统设计得更合理,运行得更有效的一门介于心理学和工业工程之间的新兴的边缘学科.人类工效学起源于第二次世界大战.由于人类工效学具有科学、实用、有效三大特点,近年来人类工效学在西方工业化国家得到了很大的发展,它的研究和应用领域也越来越广泛.当前人类工效学在国外的研究和应用领域可以概略地分为三大类:尖端技术领域中的人类工效学;电子计算机和信息系统中的人类工效学;传统的人类工效学.下面分别论述人类工效学在这三个方面的主要研究内容和特点.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.