共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Connie Lamm Olga L. Walker Kathryn A. Degnan Heather A. Henderson Daniel S. Pine Jennifer Martin McDermott Nathan A. Fox 《Developmental science》2014,17(5):667-681
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is a temperament associated with heightened vigilance and fear of novelty in early childhood, and social reticence and increased risk for anxiety problems later in development. However, not all behaviorally inhibited children develop signs of anxiety. One mechanism that might contribute to the variability in developmental trajectories is the recruitment of cognitive‐control resources. The current study measured N2 activation, an ERP (event‐related potential) associated with cognitive control, and modeled source‐space activation (LORETA; Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography) at 7 years of age while children performed a go/no‐go task. Activation was estimated for the entire cortex and then exported for four regions of interest: ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal ACC), and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). BI was measured in early childhood (ages 2 and 3 years). Anxiety problems and social reticence were measured at 7 years of age to ascertain stability of temperamental style. Results revealed that BI was associated with increased performance accuracy, longer reaction times, greater (more negative) N2 activation, and higher estimated dorsal ACC and DLPFC activation. Furthermore, early BI was only associated with social reticence at age 7 at higher (more negative) levels of N2 activation or higher estimated dorsal ACC or DLPFC activation. Results are discussed in the context of overcontrolled behavior contributing to social reticence and signs of anxiety in middle childhood. 相似文献
2.
David Clewett Andrej Schoeke Mara Mather 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(3):501-518
The amygdala forms a crucial link between central pain and stress systems. Previous research indicates that psychological stress affects amygdala activity, but it is less clear how painful stressors influence subsequent amygdala functional connectivity. In the present study, we used pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) to investigate differences in healthy male adults’ resting-state amygdala functional connectivity following a cold pressor versus a control task, with the stressor and control conditions being conducted on different days. During the period of peak cortisol response to acute stress (approximately 15–30 min after stressor onset), participants were asked to rest for 6 min with their eyes closed during a PASL scanning sequence. The cold pressor task led to reduced resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdalae and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and this occurred irrespective of cortisol release. The stressor also induced greater inverse connectivity between the left amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region implicated in the down-regulation of amygdala responsivity. Furthermore, the degree of poststressor left amygdala decoupling with the lateral OFC varied according to self-reported pain intensity during the cold pressor task. These findings indicate that the cold pressor task alters amygdala interactions with prefrontal and ACC regions 15–30 min after the stressor, and that these altered functional connectivity patterns are related to pain perception rather than cortisol feedback. 相似文献
3.
The ability to keep information active in working memory is one of the cornerstones of cognitive development. Prior studies have demonstrated that regions which are important for working memory performance in adults, such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and superior parietal cortex, become increasingly engaged across school-aged development. The primary goal of the present functional MRI study was to investigate the involvement of these regions in the development of working memory manipulation relative to maintenance functions under different loads. We measured activation in DLPFC, VLPFC, and superior parietal cortex during the delay period of a verbal working memory task in 11-13-year-old children and young adults. We found evidence for age-related behavioral improvements in working memory and functional changes within DLPFC and VLPFC activation patterns. Although activation profiles of DLPFC and VLPFC were similar, group differences were most pronounced for right DLPFC. Consistent with prior studies, right DLPFC showed an interaction between age and condition (i.e. manipulation versus maintenance), specifically at the lower loads. This interaction was characterized by increased activation for manipulation relative to maintenance trials in adults compared to children. In contrast, we did not observe a significant age-dependent load sensitivity. These results suggest that age-related differences in the right DLPFC are specific to working memory manipulation and are not related to task difficulty and/or differences in short-term memory capacity. 相似文献
4.
Anna S. Engels Wendy Heller Jeffrey M. Spielberg Stacie L. Warren Bradley P. Sutton Marie T. Banich Gregory A. Miller 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):141-156
Brain activation associated with anhedonic depression and co-occurring anxious arousal and anxious apprehension was measured
by fMRI during performance of an emotion word Stroop task. Consistent with EEG findings, depression was associated with rightward
frontal lateralization in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but only when anxious arousal was elevated and anxious
apprehension was low. Activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was also reduced for depression under the same conditions.
In contrast, depression was associated with more activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal ACC and rostral ACC) and
the bilateral amygdala. Results imply that depression, particularly when accompanied by anxious arousal, may result in a failure
to implement top-down processing by appropriate brain regions (left DLPFC, right IFG) due to increased activation in regions
associated with responding to emotionally salient information (right DLPFC, amygdala). 相似文献
5.
Brooks SJ O'Daly OG Uher R Schiöth HB Treasure J Campbell IC 《Consciousness and cognition》2012,21(2):751-763
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is dysregulated in women with restricting anorexia nervosa (RAN). It is not known whether appetitive non-conscious stimuli bias cognitive responses in those with RAN. Thirteen women with RAN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) working memory task and an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) conflict task, while masked subliminal food, aversive and neutral images were presented. During the DLPFC task, accuracy was higher in the RAN compared to the HC group, but superior performance was compromised when subliminal food stimuli were presented: errors positively correlated with self-reported trait anxiety in the RAN group. These effects were not observed in the ACC task. Appetitive activation is intact and anxiogenic in women with RAN, and non-consciously interacts with working memory processes associated with the DLPFC. This interaction mechanism may underlie cognitive inhibition of appetitive processes that are anxiety inducing, in people with AN. 相似文献
6.
Cunillera T Fuentemilla L Periañez J Marco-Pallarès J Krämer UM Càmara E Münte TF Rodríguez-Fornells A 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2012,12(1):16-33
In this study, we sought to dissociate event-related potentials (ERPs) and the oscillatory activity associated with signals
indicating feedback about performance (outcome-based behavioral adjustment) and the signals indicating the need to change
or maintain a task set (rule-based behavioral adjustment). With this purpose in mind, we noninvasively recorded electroencephalographic
signals, using a modified version of the Wisconsin card sorting task, in which feedback processing and task switching could
be studied separately. A similar late positive component was observed for the switch and correct feedback signals on the first
trials of a series, but feedback-related negativity was observed only for incorrect feedback. Moreover, whereas theta power
showed a significant increase after a switch cue and after the first positive feedback of a new series, a selective frontal
beta–gamma increase was observed exclusively in the first positive feedback (i.e., after the selection of the new rule). Importantly,
for the switch cue, beta–alpha activity was suppressed rather than increased. This clear dissociation between the cue and
feedback stimuli in task switching emphasizes the need to accurately study brain oscillatory activity to disentangle the role
of different cognitive control processes. 相似文献
7.
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt Rudi De Raedt Chris Baeken 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(3):609-612
Neuroscience research has identified the involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in cognitive control. Questions
remain, however, about its lateralization correlates during Stroop task performance, an experimental cornerstone on which
a large amount of cognitive control research is based. After reviewing the literature, we find that three Stroop variants
have been used in an attempt to uncover different aspects of cognitive control related to DLPFC involvement. In sum, rapid
and sequential up-regulation of the attentional set seems to be related to the left DLPFC. These attentional adjustments are
based on participants’ expectancies regarding the conflicting nature of the upcoming trial, and not on the conflict itself.
In contrast, the right DLPFC is associated with an overall up-regulation of the attentional set when attentional conflict
is experienced. 相似文献
8.
Robert J. Snowden Nicola S. Gray Sally Pugh Gemma Atkinson 《Personality and individual differences》2013
Some aspects of executive function are thought to be dysfunctional in psychopathic individuals. We administered a small battery of neuropsychological tests (spatial alternation task, object alternation task, and Porteus Maze) to two samples of college students and obtained a measure of psychopathy via a self-report questionnaire. Psychopathic traits were related to the tests of object alternation and Porteus Maze but not to the spatial alternation task. Our results support the hypothesis of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction with sparing of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in psychopathy and provide a downward extension of this theory to sub-clinical levels of psychopathy. 相似文献
9.
Zipora Magen 《Current Psychology》1994,13(2):172-184
A series of exploratory studies examined children’s perceptions of good parenting, focusing specifically on adolescents, through
an open-ended question “What is a good parent?” First, developmental differences were investigated by comparing youngsters
aged 8–9, 14–15, and 17–18 years. Second, the perceptions of adolescents (aged 14–15 years) were compared to those of their
parents at two socioeconomic levels (SES). Third, adolescents (aged 14–15 years) were examined under city and kibbutz conditions.
The findings revealed different patterns in the three age groups, highlighting the distinct expectations from parents appearing
at each developmental stage. Discrepancies were also found between parents and their adolescent children in several content
areas. These findings were obtained regardless of gender, SES group, or ecological condition. Parent-adolescent discrepancies
evidenced in this study may clarify the appropriate targets for family intervention programs aimed at fostering more effective
channels of communication between adolescents and their parents.
This research was presented at the Centennial Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC,
August, 1992. 相似文献
10.
Szatkowska I Bogorodzki P Wolak T Marchewka A Szeszkowski W 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,90(2):475-478
This study investigated the effective connectivity between prefrontal regions of human brain supporting motivational influence on working memory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the interaction between the lateral orbitofrontal (OFC), medial OFC, and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) regions in the left and right hemisphere during performance of the verbal 2-back working memory task under two reinforcement conditions. The "low-motivation" condition was not associated with monetary reinforcement, while the "high-motivation" condition involved the probability of winning a certain amount of money. In the "low-motivation" condition, the OFC regions in both hemispheres positively influenced the left DLPFC activity. In the "high-motivation" condition, the connectivity in the network including the right OFC regions and left DLPFC changed from positive to negative, whereas the positive connectivity in the network composed of the left OFC and left DLPFC became slightly enhanced compared with the "low-motivation" condition. However, only the connection between the right lateral OFC and left DLPFC showed a significant condition-dependent change in the strength of influence conveyed through the pathway. This change appears to be the functional correlate of motivational influence on verbal working memory. 相似文献
11.
Eveline A. Crone Carter Wendelken Linda Van Leijenhorst Ryan D. Honomichl Kalina Christoff Silvia A. Bunge 《Developmental science》2009,12(1):55-66
Relational reasoning is an essential component of fluid intelligence, and is known to have a protracted developmental trajectory. To date, little is known about the neural changes that underlie improvements in reasoning ability over development. In this event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, children aged 8–12 and adults aged 18–25 performed a relational reasoning task adapted from Raven's Progressive Matrices. The task included three levels of relational reasoning demands: REL‐0, REL‐1, and REL‐2. Children exhibited disproportionately lower accuracy than adults on trials that required integration of two relations (REL‐2). Like adults, children engaged lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and parietal cortex during task performance; however, they exhibited different time courses and activation profiles, providing insight into their approach to the problems. As in prior studies, adults exhibited increased rostrolateral PFC (RLPFC) activation when relational integration was required (REL‐2 > REL‐1, REL‐0). Children also engaged RLPFC most strongly for REL‐2 problems at early stages of processing, but this differential activation relative to REL‐1 trials was not sustained throughout the trial. These results suggest that the children recruited RLPFC while processing relations, but failed to use it to integrate across two relations. Relational integration is critical for solving a variety of problems, and for appreciating analogies; the current findings suggest that developmental improvements in this function rely on changes in the profile of engagement of RLPFC, as well as dorsolateral PFC and parietal cortex. 相似文献
12.
Miriam Rosenberg-Lee Marsha C. Lovett John R. Anderson 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(3):270-285
Recent research into math cognition has identified areas of the brain that are involved in number processing (Dehaene, Piazza,
Pinel, & Cohen, 2003) and complex problem solving (Anderson, 2007). Much of this research assumes that participants use a
single strategy; yet, behavioral research finds that people use a variety of strategies (LeFevre et al., 1996; Siegler, 1987;
Siegler & Lemaire, 1997). In the present study, we examined cortical activation as a function of two different calculation
strategies for mentally solving multidigit multiplication problems. The school strategy, equivalent to long multiplication,
involves working from right to left. The expert strategy, used by “lightning” mental calculators (Staszewski, 1988), proceeds
from left to right. The two strategies require essentially the same calculations, but have different working memory demands
(the school strategy incurs greater demands). The school strategy produced significantly greater early activity in areas involved
in attentional aspects of number processing (posterior superior parietal lobule, PSPL) and mental representation (posterior
parietal cortex, PPC), but not in a numerical magnitude area (horizontal intraparietal sulcus, HIPS) or a semantic memory
retrieval area (lateral inferior prefrontal cortex, LIPFC). An ACT-R model of the task successfully predicted BOLD responses
in PPC and LIPFC, as well as in PSPL and HIPS. 相似文献
13.
Recent theories of the neural basis of performance monitoring have emphasized a central role for the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Replicating an earlier event-related potential (ERP) study, which showed an error feedback negativity that was modeled as having an ACC generator, we used event-related fMRI to investigate whether the ACC would differentiate between correct and incorrect feedback stimuli in a time estimation task. The design controlled for response conflict and frequency and expectancy effects. Although participants in the current study adjusted their performance following error feedback, we did not observe error feedback-evoked ACC activity. In contrast, we did observe ACC activity while the same subjects performed the Stroop task, in which an area of the ACC activated during both conflict and error trials. These findings are inconsistent with previous dipole models of the error feedback negativity, and suggest the ACC may not be involved in the generation of this ERP component. These results question involvement of the ACC in the detection of errors per se when controlling for conflict. 相似文献
14.
Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
It is controversial whether different cognitive functions can be mapped to discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The localisationist tradition has associated one cognitive function - inhibition - by turns with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior frontal cortex (IFC), or orbital frontal cortex (OFC). Inhibition is postulated to be a mechanism by which PFC exerts its effects on subcortical and posterior-cortical regions to implement executive control. We review evidence concerning inhibition of responses and task-sets. Whereas neuroimaging implicates diverse PFC foci, advances in human lesion-mapping support the functional localization of such inhibition to right IFC alone. Future research should investigate the generality of this proposed inhibitory function to other task domains, and its interaction within a wider network. 相似文献
15.
The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and associated regions of the medial frontal wall have often been hypothesized to play an important role in cognitive control. We have proposed that the ACC's specific role in cognitive control is to detect conflict between simultaneously active, competing representations and to engage the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to resolve such conflict. Here we review some of the evidence supporting this theory, from event-related potential (ERP) and fMRI studies. We focus on data obtained from interference tasks, such as the Stroop task, and review the evidence that trial-to-trial changes in control engagement can be understood as driven by conflict detection; the data suggest that levels of activation of the ACC and the DLPFC in such tasks do indeed reflect conflict and control, respectively. We also discuss some discrepant results in the literature that highlight the need for future research. 相似文献
16.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, intuition is “the ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning.” In other words, people
continuously, without conscious attention, recognize patterns in the stream of sensations that impinge upon them. The result
is a vague perception of coherence, which subsequently biases thought and behavior accordingly. Within the visual domain,
research using paradigms with difficult recognition has suggested that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) serves as a fast detector
and predictor of potential content that utilizes coarse facets of the input. To investigate whether the OFC is crucial in
biasing task-specific processing, and hence subserves intuitive judgments in various modalities, we used a difficult-recognition
paradigm in the auditory domain. Participants were presented with short sequences of distorted, nonverbal, environmental sounds
and had to perform a sound categorization task. Imaging results revealed rostral medial OFC activation for such auditory intuitive
coherence judgments. By means of a conjunction analysis between the present results and those from a previous study on visual
intuitive coherence judgments, the rostral medial OFC was shown to be activated via both modalities. We conclude that rostral
OFC activation during intuitive coherence judgments subserves the detection of potential content on the basis of only coarse
facets of the input. 相似文献
17.
P. H. Rudebeck D. M. Bannerman M. F. S. Rushworth 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2008,8(4):485-497
Damage to the ventromedial frontal cortex (VMFC) in humans is associated with deficits in decision making. Decision making,
however, often happens while people are interacting with others, where it is important to take the social consequences of
a course of action into account. It is well known that VMFC lesions also lead to marked alterations in patients’ emotions
and ability to interact socially; however, it has not been clear which parts of the VMFC are critical for these changes. Recently,
there has been considerable interest in the role of the VMFC in choice behavior during interpersonal exchanges. Here, we highlight
recent research that suggests that two areas within or adjacent to the VMFC, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC), may play distinct but complementary roles in mediating normal patterns of emotion and social behavior.
Converging lines of evidence from human, macaque, and rat studies now suggest that the OFC may be more specialized for simple
emotional responses, such as fear and aggression, through its role in representing primary reinforcement or punishment. By
contrast, the ACC may play a distinct role in more complex aspects of emotion, such as social interaction, by virtue of its
connections with the discrete parts of the temporal lobe and subcortical structures that control autonomic responses. 相似文献
18.
Elliott EM Cherry KE Brown JS Smitherman EA Jazwinski SM Yu Q Volaufova J 《Memory & cognition》2011,39(8):1423-1434
In the present study, we examined adult age differences in short-term and working memory performance in middle-aged (45–64 years),
young–old (65–74 years), old–old (75–89 years), and oldest–old adults (90 years and over) in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study.
Previous research suggests that measures of working memory are more sensitive to age effects than are simple tests of short-term
memory Bopp and Verhaeghen (Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 60:223–233, 2005), Myerson, Emery, White, and Hale, (Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 10:20–27, 2003). To test this hypothesis, we examined output serial position curves of recall data from three span tasks: forward and backward
digit span and size judgment span. Participants’ recall patterns in the size judgment span task revealed that the two oldest
groups of adults showed the largest decreases in recall performance across output serial positions, but did not differ significantly
from each other. Correlation analyses indicated the strongest negative correlation with age occurred with the size judgment
span task. Implications of these findings for understanding strategic processing abilities in late life are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Fan-pei Gloria Yang Navid Khodaparast Kailyn Bradley Min-Chieh Fang Ari Bernstein Daniel C. Krawczyk 《Brain and language》2013,124(2):194-203
Research to-date has not successfully demonstrated consistent neural distinctions for different types of ambiguity or explored the effect of grammatical class on semantic selection. We conducted a relatedness judgment task using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to further explore these topics. Participants judged relatedness within word pairs. Consistent and inconsistent conditions were included along with filler items. Imaging results revealed a main effect of ambiguity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortices. A main effect of grammatical class was observed in the parahippocampal and lingual gyri, and a main effect of consistency was found in the DLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and occipital cortices. Interactions among these factors were observed in the cingulate gyrus and motor cortices in addition to the DLPFC. These results suggest that both ambiguity type and grammatical class modulate semantic selection through different neural regions. 相似文献
20.
An effective connectivity study was carried out on 16 young, healthy subjects performing an alertness task. The objective of this study was to develop and to evaluate a putative network model of alertness by adapting structural equation modeling to fMRI data. This study was designed to evaluate the directed interactivity of an attentional network during intrinsic and phasic alerting tasks. On the basis of theoretical hypotheses, clinical observations, behavioral data and neuroimaging studies, it was hypothesized that neural circuits in the right hemisphere including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal cortex and the thalamus were involved. The results of this study support the existence of a common network of activated areas with significant path coefficient differences between intrinsic and phasic alertness. Functional interactivity was significantly reinforced during the phasic alertness task and appeared to preferentially involve activity in the DLPFC region, whereas the path coefficients of the model were well-balanced during intrinsic alertness. This study highlights the predominant role of the DLPFC region in maintenance of a state of alertness and in temporal preparation during an alertness task. 相似文献