Discussion

In the January 2002 issue of Studies in Philosophy and Education, Erevelles (Voices of Silence) argues that recent debates over a means of communication known as facilitated communication reveal a tendency by virtually all discussions to ``uphold traditional notions of autonomy.' While agreeing with Erevelles' basic critique concerning the societal dominance of the notion that independent agency resides in the individual, the author points out that Erevelles' case would be considerably more compelling, and also more sympathetic to the struggles of people with disabilities who use facilitation to communicate, were her analysis to include a detailed accounting of the ``evidence' that objectivists find inconvenient and not worth mentioning.     

Discussion

Some essential adaptations to the method for determining clinically significant change originally introduced by Jacobson, Follette and Revenstorf [Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C. & Revenstorf, D. (1984a). Psychotherapy outcome research: methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behavior Therapy, 15, 336-352.] are presented. One adaptation deals with the failure in the original method to distinguish between analysis at the individual versus analysis at the group level. A second adaptation entails the provision of a closer approximation of the underlying true scores. This refinement represents an enhancement in precision. Specific aspects of this refinement may be understood in terms of a correction for error-based regression to the mean. Taking into account these adaptations, new procedures are described for determining (clinically significant) change. Some guidelines for the publication of outcome findings are also presented.     

Discussion

The American Journal of Psychoanalysis -     

Discussion

Psychoanalysis is a challenging and difficult job, and the psychoanalyst, whatever he believes he is doing, is always trying to grapple with those challenges. He uses anything available to help, including scientific theories from neurobiology, cognitive psychology, or personality development, but those theories as science offer little more assistance than he gets from common sense. What they may offer is a symbol or mantra that assists in maintaining an optimal “analytic” stance or position toward the patient and the analytic process.

New concepts of “emotional memory” are flexible enough to be assimilated by any of the current approaches to psychoanalysis.