小胶质细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制中的作用

本文阐述近年来通过科学研究,科学工作者坚持科学精神,努力探索小胶质细胞在糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制中所起的作用,提出其可能通过炎症因子的刺激,释放炎症介质,参与免疫炎症反应,从而损伤视网膜血管。了解其作用机制,为糖尿病视网膜病变的防治提供了新的思路。     

老年非小细胞肺癌治疗策略

非小细胞肺癌被认为是老年疾病。迄今为止尚无专门针对治疗老年NSCLC的指导原则。作者就当今对老年NSCLC的治疗策略进行论述,并指出年龄不是影响NSCLC患者实施手术治疗、放射治疗以及化学治疗的单一因素。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段.针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效.然而,其中仍存在很多问题.本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战.     

老年非小细胞肺癌治疗策略

非小细胞肺癌被认为是老年疾病。迄今为止尚无专门针对治疗老年NSCLC的指导原则。作者就当今对老年NSCLC的治疗策略进行论述,并指出年龄不是影响NSCLC患者实施手术治疗、放射治疗以及化学治疗的单一因素。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段。针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效。然而,其中仍存在很多问题。本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战。     

老年非小细胞肺癌治疗策略

非小细胞肺癌被认为是老年疾病.迄今为止尚无专门针对治疗老年NsCLC的指导原则.作者就当今对老年NSCLC的治疗策略进行论述,并指出年龄不是影响NSCLC患者实施手术治疗、放射治疗以及化学治疗的单一因素.     

人的老化与社会情绪选择理论

当今世界人口老龄化带来的诸多影响日益受到人们的关注与重视,老化研究也逐渐成为心理学家关注的热点。社会情绪选择理论是基于老化问题而提出的一个新理论。总结这一理论的基本假设和理论框架,并对目前有关此理论的实证研究进行了整理概括,最后指出了该领域尚存在的一些问题,并对未来前景进行了展望。     

非小细胞肺癌 EG FR 基因突变检测与临床意义

采用荧光PCR法对199例晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC ）组织进行表皮生长因子受体（EGFR ）基因突变检测,分析EGFR基因突变的分布特征及其与临床病理特征的相关性。结果显示56例（28．1％）存在EGFR基因突变,其中27例（13．6％）为外显子19突变,25例（12．6％）为外显子21突变,2例为外显子18突变,1例外显子20突变,1例外显子18和20的共突变。另外,除广东及安徽省铜陵市外,辽宁地区NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率及主要突变类型与其他地区相符,常见于外显子19、21突变,其中腺癌、不吸烟患者突变率更高,更适宜EGFR-TKI靶向治疗。     

非小细胞肺癌分子分型及检测的临床路径探讨

根据遗传改变的不同,已从非小细胞肺癌中细分出EGFR突变型、KRAS突变型、EML4-ALK融合型等分子亚型,并实施针对性分子靶向治疗.但是,非小细胞肺癌中这些遗传改变受多种因素的影响,对不同背景的病例采取最佳的分子分型检测路径,可提高分型筛选的效率.本文提出了两种依据患者背景的检测策略.     

The Relationship between Contrast Sensitivity,Gait, and Reading Speed in Parkinson's Disease

ABSTRACT

Parkinson's disease (PD) results in reduced walking speed and visual difficulties, including difficulty reading (Davidsdottir, Cronin-Golomb, & Lee, 2005 Davidsdottir, S., Cronin-Golomb, A. and Lee, A. 2005. Visual and spatial symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Vision Research, 45: 1285–1296. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). PD is characterized by a reduction in dopamine, which is instrumental in determining a person's contrast sensitivity (CS). This study assessed the relationship between CS, gait (step length and walking speed), and reading speed in 18 non-demented PD volunteers with normal acuity. We found that CS correlated with walking speed (r = .57, p = .01), step length (r = .53, p = .02), and reading speed (r = .54, p = .02). Visual acuity (which has not been tied to dopamine in the same way) correlated with reading speed (r_s = –.65, p = .004), but not with gait measures. We also assessed the contribution of age, education, and cognitive status (Shipley Institute of Living Scale) to these variables. We conclude that CS and age both play an important role in determining gait in PD, while reading speed is related to both acuity and CS, but not age.     

超氧化物歧化酶与疾病关系的探讨

超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)是避免细胞损害的一种重要的抗氧化酶.对近年来有关SOD与疾病关系的研究进行分析整理后,认为SOD含量随病情的发展而变化,动态监测对判断病情及观察疗效有一定的指导作用.在慢性病的病程发展中,联合检测SOD、NO和MDA更有价值.     

超氧化物歧化酶与疾病关系的探讨

超氧化物歧化酶（supemxide dismutase,SOD）是避免细胞损害的一种重要的抗氧化酶。对近年来有关SOD与疾病关系的研究进行分析整理后,认为SOD含量随病情的发展而变化,动态监测对判断病情及观察疗效有一定的指导作用。在慢性病的病程发展中,联合检测SOD、NO和MDA更有价值。     

盆腔炎性疾病与不孕不育

盆腔炎性疾病(pelvic inflammatory disease,PID)是常见的妇科疾病,且迁延难愈.同时,盆腔炎(PID)发病率增高与性传播疾病(STD)发病人数增多相平行.这些可以引起一系列临床症状,统称为盆腔炎性疾病后遗症(sequelae of PID).除了长期慢性疼痛、月经不调、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作外,严重的还会影响女性的生育功能,导致不孕症或异位妊娠.此外,盆腔炎对于IVF-ET的成功率也存在一定的影响.     

高尿酸血症与冠心病之间的关系

高尿酸血症是一种嘌呤代谢障碍性疾病,早期人们主要关注高尿酸血症对关节及肾脏的影响,但随着尿酸水平的升高,患心血管疾病的风险也相应的增加,近年来越来越多的研究用于证明高尿酸血症与心血管疾病之间的相互作用,人们才逐渐关注高尿酸血症对心血管疾病的影响,并且一直是学者关注的焦点之一,高尿酸血症是否为冠心病的独立危险因素？高尿酸血症是否直接和冠心痛的预后相关？两者之间的关系一直存在争议,本文就高尿酸血症与冠心病关系、高尿酸血症对冠心痛影响的可能机制作一综述.     

盆腔炎性疾病与不孕不育

腔炎性疾病（pelvic inflammatory disease,PID）是常见的妇科疾病,且迁延难愈。同时,盆腔炎（PID）发病率增高与性传播疾病（STD）发病人数增多相平行。这些可以引起一系列临床症状,统称为盆腔炎性疾病后遗症（sequelae of PID）。除了长期慢性疼痛、月经不调、盆腔炎性疾病反复发作外,严重的还会影响女性的生育功能,导致不孕症或异位妊娠。此外,盆腔炎对于IVF—ET的成功率也存在一定的影响。     

Depression in Parkinson's Disease

Ethical values of 171 college students at California State University, Chico, were measured, using a subset of the Rokeach (1968, 1971) Value Survey. Nonparametric statistical analysis, four value measures, and four different consistent tests of significance and probability showed, surprisingly, that the younger students were more ethical than the older students. College students under 21 scored significantly higher ethically on three out of the four measures. Younger college students valued equality, freedom, and honesty more than their older classmates did. Surprisingly also, the younger students were significantly more concerned with being helpful and intellectual and were less involved in pursuing an exciting life and in social recognition than were the older students.     

性别与阿尔茨海默病相关性的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是以近期记忆障碍为主要临床症状,以老年斑及神经纤维缠结为主要病理改变的进行性神经变性疾病.目前发现男女患病率有明显差异,女性患病率是男性的1.5倍～3倍,这可能是由于绝经后妇女体内雌激素不足增加了AD的易感性,而男性血清总睾酮降低,能使AD患者病情恶化.     

Mental and Motor Switching in Parkinson's Disease

Switching difficulties in Parkinson's disease (PD) are expressed in both mental and motor tasks. The authors of the present study investigated whether those deficits coexist in the same patient and are positively correlated. They tested 8 nondemented PD patients and 6 age-matched control participants by using the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a motor switching paradigm that is based on the task of reaching toward visual targets, the location of which could unexpectedly be altered within the reaction time. In both mental and motor tasks, patients performed significantly worse than controls. There were no significant correlations between the two types of pathology in individual patients. Mental and motor switching deteriorate in PD patients, but the deficits are not necessarily of parallel severity.

basal ganglia     

Proprioception and Motor Control in Parkinson's Disease

ABSTRACT

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to a progressive decline in motor function. Growing evidence indicates that PD patients also experience an array of sensory problems that negatively impact motor function. This is especially true for proprioceptive deficits, which profoundly degrade motor performance. This review specifically address the relation between proprioception and motor impairments in PD. It is structured around 4 themes: (a) It examines whether the sensitivity of kinaesthetic perception, which is based on proprioceptive inputs, is actually altered in PD. (b) It discusses whether failed processes of proprioceptive-motor integration are central to the motor problems in PD. (c) It presents recent findings focusing on the link between the proprioception and the balance problems in PD. And (d) it discusses the current state of knowledge of how levodopa medication and deep brain stimulation affect proprioceptive and motor function in PD. The authors conclude that a failure to evaluate and to map proprioceptive information onto voluntary and reflexive motor commands is an integral part of the observed motor symptoms in PD.