患者信任、参与行为对医患信任度影响研究

医患关系已不仅是医生和患者间的关系,还包括医疗机构、医疗服务等,直接影响诊疗活动效果。探讨患者信任、医患参与行为,分析影响医患信任度的主要原因,找出改善医患关系的建议,以此构建和谐的医患关系。采用问卷调查法对患者信任、医患参与行为等进行调查。个体差异对患者信任、参与行为具有影响,同时患者信任、医患参与行为等各因素对医患信任度也会产生一定作用。多种因素组合影响医患信任度,建议推进分级诊疗;提升诊疗技术服务价值;加强医患沟通,提高双方在诊疗中的参与行为;健全卫生医疗法律法规,规范媒体报道及舆论导向。     

社会阶层分化视角下医患信息行为对医患关系的影响

目前社会阶层分化进程中的医患关系比较紧张,医患信息行为起了很大作用.由于历史原因多数医师未能认识到医患信息行为对医患沟通及医患关系的影响.患者作为医疗信息掌握的弱势群体,其对从医师处获得信息的依赖将长期存在,医师与患者信息行为必然相互影响.针对信息行为建立相应的培训及评价机制是十分必要的.     

医患沟通模式的比较研究

医患关系是医疗人际关系中最重要最具特点的关系,和谐医患关系是一切医疗活动的基础,也是建构和谐社会的基本条件.而医患沟通是良好医患关系的最基本、最主要的因素之一.本文就长期以来形成的医患沟通的五种理论模式进行简单论述和评论,主要强调各个模式医患沟通目标的不同、各个模式中医生的职责和患者价值在其中的作用以及各个模式的优缺点及临床应用与实践.其目的在于通过评价和对比来为我国和谐的医患关系推荐一个比较好的医患沟通模式.     

医患关系紧张的心理成因探究——以急诊患者家属为例

随着经济社会的发展,医患关系日益成为人们关注的焦点.本文以急诊患者家属为例,从心理方面来探讨医患关系,分析医患关系紧张的原因:利益冲突、心理应激和缺乏沟通等;提出拉近医患关系的见解:医方要注重对患者家属的心理疏导与心理治疗,加强沟通,不断提高自身的能力素质.     

医生服务态度的实证研究

医生的服务态度是医学人文关怀的具体形态.采用自行设计的调查问卷,在江苏省某大型综合性三甲医院对医生服务态度的耐心、专注、语言、神态、情绪、倾听、告知、解释、微笑、共情十个方面进行双向调查.通过统计分析发现,医生的服务态度是影响医患关系的重要制约因素,且医患双方对于医生服务态度表现的评估有显著性差异.服务态度管理是医院管理的重要内容,对服务态度的考核应进入考核体系.服务态度的改善必将有利于医院人文形象的构建,有利于和谐医患关系的构建,有利于医疗质量的提高.     

美国院前急救医患沟通＂十条金律＂解析

医患沟通的能力和技巧是院前急救人员必备的重要素养之一,与院前急救服务的效率和质量密切相关.在美国急救医疗服务体系中,普遍遵循医患沟通＂十条金律＂,包括：（1）保持职业化状态;（2）始终保持与患者目光接触;（3）给予患者恰当的称呼;（4）使用患者听得懂的语言;（5）保持恰当的语速、语调和语气;（6）与他人谈论患者病情务必谨慎;（7）当心自身的肢体语言;（8）给患者留下回答问题或反应的时间;（9）告诉患者病情真相;（10）注重与特殊群体的沟通.本文简要解析了＂十条金律＂的内涵与意义,对我国院前急救人员或有借鉴意义.     

执业医师资格考试人文技能评价的探讨

医生人文技能对于改善医患关系和提高医疗服务质量至关重要,是英美等国家医师资格考试中的核心考查内容之一,主要涉及沟通能力、职业道德、医患人际交往能力等方面。医生人文技能评价方法包括标准化病人、影像视频和网络在线评价等。我国执业医师资格考试应尽快建立人文技能评价的有效制度,以促进合格医生选拔、医疗服务质量改善及医学教育改革。该项工作的推动需要注意与医学教育实践的衔接和借鉴国际经验,并可考虑把医患沟通能力评价作为突破口。     

非医疗事故鉴定案例中医患沟通障碍因素分析

采用自行设计的调查问卷,对某市医学会非医疗事故鉴定案例中存在医患沟通障碍因素的86份案例进行回顾性分析,其中大于60岁和14岁以下患者,初中及以下文化层次患者、中青年医师、外科医师较容易发生医患沟通障碍.医疗机构应提高医务人员的人文素养与沟通技能,合理配置人力资源等方式来加强医患沟通.     

医患沟通中患者的信息认知

医患沟通在医疗过程中发挥着重要的作用,沟通中的主要内容是信息交流,信息交流的主要目标是达到医患双方的相互理解.论述影响医患沟通中信息认知的几个因素,其中包括信息的形式,情绪因素,沟通行为因素三个方面.通过对这些因素的干预,提高患者对信息的认知能力将使医患沟通更加有效,从而有利于合作式的医患关系的形成.     

卫生系统反应性视角下和谐医患关系的构建

医患关系紧张已成为一个严重的社会问题,如何缓解医患矛盾,构建和谐医患关系迫在眉睫。卫生系统反应性的内核是一种人文关怀,旨在保护患者人权和满足患者就医过程中的合理期望,强调对患者非医疗服务方面的满足,对构建和谐医患关系意义重大,反应性低则是造成医患关系紧张的重要原因。提高卫生系统反应性,维护患者权利与尊严,保护患者隐私与信息安全,加强医患沟通,加强人文关怀,以患者为中心的服务,是改善医患关系的有效措施。     

Attitude Strength and Perceived Prevalence of Attitude Positions

Two studies are reported that evaluate the hypothesis that people with involved or extreme (as opposed to moderate) attitudes on an issue will tend to overestimate the extent to which others' attitudes are polarized toward both extremes (cf. Judd & Johnson, 1981). Unlike previous tests of this hypothesis, the present studies included a complete range of subject attitude groups and target categories, obtaining prevalence estimates on a variety of nuclear-related issues. However, support for the hypothesis was limited, being clearest for pronuclear subjects' estimates of pronuclear positions but almost nonexistent for other subjects and target categories. It is suggested that the cognitive mechanism proposed by Judd and Johnson needs to be supplemented by broader social, functional, and knowledge-based considerations.     

The Influence of Attitude upon Scaling of Attitude Items

Summary

Subjects had their expectation of pay for serving in a conformity experiment disconfirmed by receiving amounts either greater or lesser than were expected, while control subjects received their expected pay. The dissonance theory prediction of an energization of either compliance or noncompliance was not obtained, nor support given to social-exchange-theory predictions of conformity as a direct function of pay level. No differences in conformity behavior or tendencies to respond to questionnaires in a socially desirable direction were obtained between high and low scoring Ss on the Marlowe-Crowne SD (7). The finding of no differences in conformity between Ss judged aware of the manipulations and those unaware might be mediated by a general predisposition to seek and comply with demands in an experimental setting.     

态度强度对内隐-外显态度关系的调节作用研究

本研究探讨了态度强度对个体的内隐一外显年龄态度间关系的调节作用。研究发现,随着态度强度的增强,内隐——外显态度间一致性随之增大,随着态度强度的减弱,内隐——外显态度间一致性随之减少,支持了态度强度的调节作用。这一研究为解决Fazio和Bargh关于态度自动激活效应的争论提供了新的视角。本研究支持了Fazio的观点。     

The Nature of Attitude

ABSTRACT

Previous research has shown that acute alcohol consumption is associated with negative responses toward outgroup members such as sexual minorities. However, simple alcohol cue exposure without actually consuming alcohol also influences social behavior. Hence, it was reasoned that priming participants with words related to alcohol (relative to neutral words) would promote prejudiced attitudes toward sexual minorities. In fact, an experiment showed that alcohol cue exposure causally led to more negative implicit attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In contrast, participants’ explicit attitudes were relatively unaffected by the priming manipulation. Moreover, participants’ typical alcohol use was not related to their attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In sum, it appears that not only acute alcohol consumption but also the simple exposure of alcohol cues may promote negative views toward lesbians and gay men.     

态度结构一致性及其对态度和行为的影响

态度结构一致性指态度的情感或认知成分与总体态度的一致程度以及态度的情感与认知成分两者间的一致程度。本文介绍了结构一致性的界定和操作方法,回顾了结构一致性对态度和行为的影响,包括其在态度形成中的作用以及对态度可获得性和态度-行为关系的影响。同时指出未来研究应关注各种结构一致性的交互,将结构一致性研究推广到群体水平,并进一步应用于社会预警研究。     

Attitude processing strategies

Several models of memory-based attitude processing were examined in a laboratory experiment. After receiving stimulus information with implications for either one or both of two attitudes (toward a person and toward a behavior with respect to this person), subjects were asked to recall the information and to report their attitudes. Information was received under instructions to form only one of these two attitudes. Consistent with past research, information was subsequently better recalled when it had implications for the attitude being evaluated than when it did not. However, null effects of the instructional set on reported attitudes suggested that subjects relied on their memory-for-attitude (or additional implications) rather than on memory-for-facts. The present findings extend the generality of this conclusion to behavioral attitudes, large stimulus sets, and heterogeneous stimulus items. Low correlations between recalled stimuli and reported attitudes also supported a memory-for-attitude model. However, correlations between behavioral attitudes and recall of behavioral outcomes increased under certain conditions. Results are discussed in relation to recent findings in person perception research.     

品牌态度强度与品牌态度可达性的关系性质

运用态度量表和反应时实验比较了品牌态度强度与品牌态度可达性的关系性质。研究发现,女性被试对保健品品牌要素的态度评价越肯定,态度通达和提取的时间就越快,两者之间形成有规律的函数关系;但在否定性态度条件下,没有出现类似的规律性;当要求被试把模糊性态度明确为肯定或否定态度时,67％的被试明确为否定态度,但所用时间显著慢于明确为肯定态度所用的时间     

How Emotional Media Reports Influence Attitude Formation and Change: The Interplay of Attitude Base,Attitude Certainty,and Persuasion

This study examined the influence of an emotionally arousing writing style on attitude formation and change. It has been proposed that different writing styles induce attitudes based on either affect or cognition and with either high or low certainty. Previous work indicates that the interplay of these attitude characteristics determines the persuasiveness of emotional and rational media appeals. To test the hypotheses, participants in an experimental study read articles from a magazine about a fictitious attitude object. In the first step, 4 different types of attitudes varying in base and level of certainty were induced through a respectively manipulated article. In the second step, these attitudes were challenged by an additional article, which presented either an emotional or rational persuasive appeal. The results supported hypotheses on attitude induction through media stimuli and 3 of 4 hypotheses regarding the persuasiveness of emotionally and rationally written articles.