经阴道超声检查的医学伦理学思考

经阴道超声（transvaginal ultrasound,TVS）检查是妇产科的一项重要检查技术,应坚持将患者的利益放在首位。在检查前应首先充分告知患者检查的必要性、安全性,让患者理解,并征得其同意,检查时应注意保护患者的隐私,检查后不泄露患者的秘密,全心全意为患者服务,真正做到以患者为中心,共建和谐医院、和谐社会。     

如何有效缓解门诊医患矛盾

医患矛盾是每个医生都必须面对的问题。近年来,这个问题也越来越尖锐。很多医患冲突的发生、伤医事件的报道,无时无刻不在触动着我们每个医生的神经。住院患者由于临床医生有更多的时间跟患者及其家属进行沟通,有逐步建立信任感的时间和空间,因此矛盾相对缓和些。而门诊患者,因其与医生接触时间短,交流少,很多教授与患者的接触时间只有短短几分钟,门诊检查费用高且大多不能报销,很多检查无法短时间内完成,因此门诊是医患矛盾的高发地。主要探讨三级医院外科门诊在大量门诊病源的前提下如何有效缓解医患矛盾。     

创伤外科医患冲突原因分析及换位思考的应用

医患关系是医疗人际关系中的关键.当今医患关系不和谐的现象时有发生,创伤外科领域尤甚,医患双方缺乏相互之间的沟通、交流与理解、信任是导致不和谐的主要因素,当今社会因素和媒体的影响也在一定程度上激化了医患之间的矛盾.如果在矛盾发生时,医患双方能够进行适时的角色互换,诸多医疗纠纷将迎刃而解,医患关系也将更加和谐.     

医患矛盾报道中媒体的社会责任

社会转型期医疗纠纷复杂程度增加,医疗纠纷的特殊性和轰动性使其成为新闻热点而频频出现在各种媒体上.媒体有失公正的报道加深了患者及受众对医方的不信任感,导致了医患矛盾的加剧.媒体客观的报道有利于医患矛盾的调和,从媒体的社会责任入手,探讨媒体理性报道对医患矛盾的调和作用.     

人权视野中的医患关系转归

试图从人权的视角来审视医患关系,展示尊重和保障人权在医患关系中的重要作用:尊重和保障人权,医患关系将变得更为人性化、理性化、规范化,医患关系将走向法制化和全球化.旨在规范医患行为,为形成良好的医患关系,缓和医患矛盾和解决医患纠纷提供对策.     

医患互动与新生儿先天性HCMV感染的诊疗

在新生儿先天性巨细胞病毒感染的诊疗中,乃至儿科疾病的防治中,应注重调节好医患矛盾的两方面.医患双方处理好知情同意,避免诊疗中的医疗纠纷,对于建立积极主动的、和谐信任的医患互动模式非常重要.这也体现了双方对新生命的最大的珍惜和尊重.     

循证医学在构建和谐医患关系中的应用

医患关系是一种特殊的人际关系.采用循证医学的原理和方法,规范医疗服务行为,缓解医患矛盾,构建和谐的医患关系,已越来越成为人们的共识.试图从循证医学的角度探索改善医患关系的途径,通过对循证医学理论的应用来缓解医患冲突,改善医患关系.     

医患关系的三种表现形式

医患关系是医学伦理学最基本的问题.对医患关系本质属性的定位是医患关系研究的逻辑起点.在探讨和辨析医患关系本质属性定位的分歧后,从医患关系的主体建构角度,将医患关系归结为情感关系、契约关系和消费关系,这对分析医疗纠纷原因,消解医患矛盾冲突及构建和谐医惠关系有着重要意义.     

不对称伦理：境遇危机下医患诚信的一种解读

医患诚信是一种不对称伦理形态,主体责任和缺失补偿不对等构成其伦理特质,崇敬生命承载其价值本质,原则倒置表征其正义诉求.我国医患诚信深陷境遇危机,人们对医患诚信的读误致使医患冲突进一步加剧.从伦理视域直面医患矛盾,重新解读深陷境遇危机的医患诚信,对于重建医患诚信具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

医患关系的博弈分析

医患关系是医疗中最基本最重要的关系,也是最复杂的人际关系,建立良好的医患关系是保证医疗工作顺利进行的必备条件.但是这种关系从开始就是有矛盾的,在信息不对称的情况下分析医患关系的博弈情况及其原因,发现医患关系的核心是信任,它为创造和谐医患关系提出对策,并能促进构建和谐医患关系.     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.