共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 1 毫秒
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Philosophical Studies - 相似文献
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Houdé O 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2008,12(5):173-4; author reply 174-5
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Philosophia - Nina Emery and Christopher Hill proposed a pragmatic approach toward the debate about counterpossibles—i.e., counterfactuals with impossible antecedents. The core of this... 相似文献
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Anderson US Perea EF Becker DV Ackerman JM Shapiro JR Neuberg SL Kenrick DT 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(5):804-808
A number of studies have found a disjunction between women’s attention to, and memory for, handsome men. Although women pay initial attention to handsome men, they do not remember those men later. The present study examines how ovulation might differentially affect these attentional and memory processes. We found that women near ovulation increased their visual attention to attractive men. However, this increased visual attention did not translate into better memory. Discussion focuses on possible explanations, in the context of an emerging body of findings on disjunctions between attention to, and memory for, other people. 相似文献
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Matthias Jenny 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2018,52(3):530-560
I develop a theory of counterfactuals about relative computability, i.e. counterfactuals such as
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Ondersma SJ 《The American psychologist》2002,57(2):141-142
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A growing body of research finds that the activities of the immune system—in addition to protecting the body from infection and injury—also influence how we think, feel, and behave. Although research on the relationship between the immune system and psychological and behavioral outcomes has most commonly focused on the experiences of those who are ill or experiencing an acute immune response, we propose that the immune system may also play a key role in influencing such outcomes in those who are healthy. Here, we review theory and research suggesting that inflammation—a key component of the immune response to pathogens and stressors—may play an important modulatory role in shaping emotions, motivation, cognition, and behavior, even among those without symptoms of illness. Moreover, because inflammation occurs in response to a number of everyday social experiences (e.g., loneliness and stress), we propose that it may be an important mediator of many psychological and behavioral outcomes that are of interest to social and personality psychologists. We close by discussing potential opportunities for researchers looking to incorporate psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) into their area of inquiry. 相似文献
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Neurons of primary sensory cortices are known to have specific responsiveness to elemental features. To express more complex
sensory attributes that are embedded in objects or events, the brain must integrate them. This is referred to as feature binding
and is reflected in correlated neuronal activity. We investigated how local intracortical circuitry modulates ongoing-spontaneous
neuronal activity, which would have a great impact on the processing of subsequent combinatorial input, namely, on the correlating
(binding) of relevant features. We simulated a functional, minimal neural network model of primary visual cortex, in which
lateral excitatory connections were made in a diffusive manner between cell assemblies that function as orientation columns.
A pair of bars oriented at specific angles, expressing a visual corner, was applied to the network. The local intracortical
circuitry contributed not only to inducing correlated neuronal activation and thus to binding the paired features but also
to making membrane potentials oscillate at firing-subthreshold during an ongoing-spontaneous time period. This led to accelerating
the reaction speed of principal cells to the input. If the lateral excitatory connections were selectively (instead of “diffusively”)
made, hyperpolarization in ongoing membrane potential occurred and thus the reaction speed was decelerated. We suggest that
the local intracortical circuitry with diffusive connections between cell assemblies might endow the network with an ongoing
subthreshold neuronal state, by which it can send the information about combinations of elemental features rapidly to higher
cortical stages for their full and precise analyses. 相似文献
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George W. Albee 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1999,12(2):133-146
If our goal is the reduction or elimination of emotional disorders in our country, or in the world, a major social revolution is required. Individual psychotherapy is available to a small number only. No mass disorder has ever been eliminated by treating one person at a time. Psychotherapy is useful in teaching the possibility of unlearning damaging habits and thus it contradicts the organic-brain disease model advanced by political conservatives. Organic explanations of mental disorder find causes inside the person and ignore or deny the pathological environments of poverty, racism, sexism and exploitation. The organic model is supported by corporate power and conservative citizens' groups. It is time for radicals to come together to expose the power elite for its control of invalid ruling ideas. 相似文献
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Humans are remarkably insensitive to large changes in a visual display if the change occurs simultaneously with a secondary perceptual event. A widely held view is that this change blindness occurs because the secondary perceptual event prevents the change from capturing attention. However, whereas some studies have shown that top-down attentional priming can attenuate change blindness, the evidence regarding the effect of bottom-up attentional capture on change blindness is less clear-cut. Here, we compare the effects of attentional capture on change detection with participants' performance on a well-established attentional paradigm (a Posner-style cuing task). Experiment 1 established the time course of attentional capture in our paradigm. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this attentional capture was associated with facilitated change detection at short (150-msec), but not long (480-msec), latencies. These data show that reflexive attentional shifts facilitate change detection and are consistent with the view that shifts of attention are a necessary precondition for visual awareness. 相似文献
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《Philosophical Papers》2012,41(1):35-66
Abstract Closest-possible-world analyses of counterfactuals suffer from what has been called the ‘problem of counterpossibles’: some counterfactuals with metaphysically impossible antecedents seem plainly false, but the proposed analyses imply that they are all (vacuously) true. One alleged solution to this problem is the addition of impossible worlds. In this paper, I argue that the closest possible or impossible world analyses that have recently been suggested suffer from the ‘new problem of counterpossibles’: the proposed analyses imply that some plainly true counterpossibles (viz., ‘counterlogicals’) are false. After motivating and presenting the ‘new problem’, I give reasons to think that the most plausible objection to my argument is not compelling. 相似文献
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Silvia Abu-Jamra Zornig 《International Forum of Psychoanalysis》2013,22(1):59-62
Abstract Christopher Bollas: Being a Character: Psycho-analysis and Self Experience. London: Routledge, 1993. “Unconscious Logic. An Introduction to Matte Blanco's Bi-Logic and its Uses” by Eric Rayner. London: Routledge 1995. 相似文献
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Anxiety has profound influences on a wide range of cognitive processes, including action monitoring. Eventrelated brain potential
(ERP) studies have shown that anxiety can boost early error detection mechanisms, as reflected by an enhanced error-related
negativity (ERN) following errors in high-anxious, as compared with low-anxious, participants. This observation is consistent
with the assumption of a gain control mechanism exerted by anxiety onto error-related brain responses within the dorsal anterior
cingulate cortex (ACC). However, whether anxiety simply enhances or, rather, alters early error detection mechanisms remains
unsolved. In this study, we compared the performance of low-versus high-trait-anxious participants during a go/no-go task
while high-density EEG was recorded. The two groups showed comparable behavioral performance, although levels of state anxiety
increased following the task for high-anxious participants only. ERP results confirmed that the ERN/Ne to errors was enhanced
for high-anxious, relative to low-anxious, participants. However, complementary topographic analyses revealed that the scalp
map of the ERN/Ne was not identical between the two groups, suggesting that anxiety did not merely increase early error detection
mechanisms, but also led to a qualitative change in the early appraisal of errors. Inverse solution results confirmed a shift
within the ACC for the localization of neural generators underlying the ERN/Ne scalp map in high-anxious participants, corroborating
the assumption of an early effect of anxiety on early error-monitoring functions. These results shed new light on the dynamic
interplay between anxiety and error-monitoring functions in the human brain. 相似文献
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