关于道教思想史的若干思考

詹石窗在《哲学动态》2009年第2期撰文指出,道教思想的根本是以"道"作为最高信仰,以长生成仙作为它所追求的最终目标。道教的教理教义正是以此为核心而建立起来的。围绕这个核心道教从修道成仙的理论和方法两个方面展开探索和阐述,从而形成了独具特色的修道思想体系。     

道教养生学的形成与发展简述

道教养生学是道教徒在追求长生成仙和济世度人信仰目标过程中,通过无数实践积累起的保持身心健康的方法。道教养生学是道教关于长生成仙的系统学说,包含着多种多样的形式和内容,是一种综合性的养生学模式。 道教养生学来源于道教长生成仙的信仰,建立在道教宇宙观、人天观、身心观的基础之上,与道教的生道合一、重生贵生、天人相应、形神相依、我命在我、以德养生思想有着密切关系。道教养生     

道教文化与爱国主义精神

道教奉太上老君为教主,以《道德经》为主要经典,以“道”为最高信仰,以修道成仙为核心的我国传统宗教。一般理解,以修道成他为核心的道教与现实生活没有多大联系,但是纵观道救起源与道教发展衍变历史,中华道教文化传播与中华民族精神与爱国主义精神紧密相关。大律师傅宗天方丈在时常说：“道教文化与中华民族远古时期文化同根同源,道家文化起源于‘无极太极’,道教起源于‘无名天地之始,有名万物之母’,道家文化与道教教理教义,都是从无和有总根源开始衍绎发展”,形成为我国独具的宗教思想,并成为中华民族传统文化的重要组成部…     

文摘

对道教教义现代阐释的思考张继禹在2007年第6期《中国道教》上发表文章《道教思想四论——关于道教教义现代阐释的思考》。作者提出道教思想四论:一是道神一元论,重在梳理道教教义中的尊道与敬神即道教信仰的问题;二是道物依成论,重在梳理本体之道与万殊各异的个体之间的关系问题;三是生道合一论,重在梳理和论述关于道教生命价值观的问题;四是道俗圆融论,重在梳理道教入世济世与追求神仙超越的关系问题。     

正以修身得成真

修道成仙成真,是道教的信仰追求;获得生的快乐和幸福、成为长生久视之神仙,是修道者积极而美好的理想.成仙成真才是得道的标志,所以道教又称为神仙道教,尊称得道者为真人.     

《道教义枢》中"道性"意蕴与佛性思想

道性思想是在南北朝时期受佛性思想的影响而发展起来的,至孟安排的<道教义枢>时已经形成了较为完备的道性理论.<道教义枢>中的道性思想既继承了传统道教的思想,又进一步吸收了佛教的重要思想.<道性义>用理和中道来解说道性,为修道成仙提供形上学的根据.进而,又彰显染净说来为道教完善修行解脱理论.道性思想对于道教的发展有着重要的方法论和本体论意义.     

道教之“道”

道,是道教徒的最高信仰,道教哲学的最高范畴。从南北朝起,道教效仿佛教佛、法、僧三宝的名目,立道、经、师三宝,作为道教徒归依的对象,三宝以道为首为本。道教诸派的教旨不无歧异,但莫不以道为最高信仰和最高哲学范畴;道教教义随历史的进展而发展演变,但以道为最高信仰、最高哲学范畴,则始终未变。这大概是源流各异、名号不同的诸多教派所以能被统称为“道教”的主要原因。     

“度人”思想与道教笔记小说

神仙思想是道教的核心信仰,追求长生成仙是道教徒的终极目标。在道教产生之前,神仙思想就已经非常流行。道教产生后,这种追求“自度”的神仙思想发展成为一种更为精致的、对成仙充满自信的“自力本愿”的神仙思想。作为一种旨在济世救民的宗教,为扩大宗教影响,于是,“他力本愿”,度人成仙的神仙思想开始流行起来。①六朝时期,宣扬“仙道贵生,无量度人”思想的灵宝派兴起后,度人成仙思想在道教传播中的影响日益扩大。针对只重视个人修炼成仙思想的局限性,灵宝派指出:“圣人传授经教,教于世人,使未闻者闻,未知者知,欲以此法桥,普度一切人也。…     

道教饮食尚素的宗教学分析

道教崇尚素食为主之饮食方式。道教饮食尚素有坚实的义理基础;行之有效的道教戒律是道门饮食尚素之制度保障;扬善止恶的长生成仙信仰为道教饮食尚素提供精神动力;形式多样的道教斋仪,则是道教饮食尚素之重要体现。饮食是生命之基石,道教饮食尚素思想及践行是其宝贵文化遗产之一。     

道与神

"道",在道教的教义教理中居于核心位置,亦为道教的最高信仰.然而道教同时是一种神教,是信仰种种神灵的宗教.那么在道教中,道与神究竟是什么关系呢?本文就这个问题作了一些初步的探讨.认为道家的"道"给人们提供了终极关怀,这是道教崇奉老子为教主的内在根据;指出道教中视道本身为神或者神灵变化的本体,还以分气说阐明道一分多的神道观,并贯穿于修炼思想之中.文分三部份:一、先秦文献中"道"的用例和含义,以及道家的"道"在宗教信仰层面对道教的作用;二、道教信仰层面的"道"及其与神灵观念的关系;三、"道"的普世意义及其现代作用.     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.