情绪的相容性对创造性思维的影响

为探讨具身内隐情绪和外显情绪之间的相容性和不相容性对创造性思维的影响,实验采用情绪视频启动范式诱发被试的积极情绪或消极情绪,同时采用面部表情操纵技术诱导其具身积极情绪或具身消极情绪,然后要求被试完成创造性思维测验中的替代使用任务（AUT）与顿悟字谜测验。结果发现：在积极情绪下,情绪相容组的AUT流畅性得分显著高于情绪不相容组;而在消极情绪下,情绪相容组的AUT原创性得分与顿悟字谜得分显著高于情绪不相容组;灵活性在两种情绪条件下的差异均不显著。结果表明,面部表情和外显情绪的相容性有利于创造性思维的表现,积极情绪和消极情绪下的情绪相容性分别影响着创造性思维的不同成分。     

大学生心理素质水平与正性负性情绪的外显和内隐相关

为了解大学生心理素质水平与正性负性情绪之间的关系,采用问卷调查和实验验证分别从外显和内隐的层面对心理素质水平与正性负性情绪之间的关系进行了研究。研究一调查了6所高校1685名大学生,结果发现,心理素质水平与正性情绪显著正相关,与负性情绪显著负相关。研究二以71名大学生为被试,采用简式内隐联想测验考察不同心理素质水平大学生对积极和消极情绪的内隐态度。结果发现,高心理素质水平大学生存在自动化地把自我词和积极情绪词相联系,把他人词和消极情绪词相联系的倾向,高心理素质水平大学生有更强的内隐正性情绪态度。且内隐测验和外显测试的相关不显著,是两个不同的建构。     

情绪的确定性评价对信息加工的影响

检验了情绪的效价和确定性评价对个体的信息加工策略选择的影响及其心理机制。结果表明,情绪效价对个体的信息加工方式的影响会受到情绪确定性评价的调节。高确定评价的情绪中,积极情绪的被试更倾向于采用启发式加工,消极情绪的被试更倾向于采用系统式加工。积极情绪中,高确定评价情绪的被试更倾向于采用启发式加工,低确定评价情绪的被试更倾向于采用系统式加工。当个体对自己产生情绪的原因进行合理归因后,情绪效价和确定性评价对个体信息加工方式的影响效应都消失了,说明情绪的效价和确定性评价均以信息的方式对对个体信息加工策略的选择产生影响。     

线索—提示任务下情绪对注意转换的影响

大量研究表明情绪状态会影响认知灵活性。本研究运用情绪影片片段作为情绪诱发的手段,以68名女大学生为被试,采用线索-提示任务范式考察了不同情绪效价(积极、消极)对认知灵活性重要成分之一注意定向转换的影响。结果发现,对于有效提示,积极情绪和消极情绪两种条件下的反应时差异不显著;对于无效提示,积极情绪下的反应时显著快于消极情绪;而且,积极情绪下的线索有效性效应不显著,但消极情绪下表现出显著的线索有效性效应。实验结果说明,积极情绪有助于注意定向的转换,消极情绪延缓了注意定向的转换。这一结果进一步支持了积极情绪扩展认知范围,而消极情绪缩窄认知范围的观点。     

情绪对职业决策的影响

职业决策是决策研究领域的重要课题,引起了心理学家和决策研究者的高度关注.本文在以往研究的基础上,引人情绪和职业种类变量探讨了情绪对职业决策的影响,结果显示:(1)无论是四种还是八种职业决策任务,积极情绪的被试同消极情绪的被试相比,信息搜索的时间较长,信息搜索的深度显著增加;(2)在职业选择策略上,积极情绪的被试更加倾向于基于选项的加工,而消极情绪的被试随着从四种职业决策任务到八种决策任务的转变,逐渐倾向于基于属性的加工;(3)情绪影响了决策者职业决策的信息加工能力.     

情绪对错误记忆的影响

通过音乐诱发情绪,并给予预警指导语,采用DRM范式和信号检测论的研究方法,检验不同情绪组被试对学习词、无关词、关键诱词两两之间的辨别感受性.结果发现:积极情绪组较之消极情绪组会产生更多的错误记忆,并且消极情绪组对各类词之间的辨别感受性均高于积极情绪组.这说明编码过程和提取过程会共同影响错误记忆效应.研究结果较支持激活监测理论.     

情绪调节策略对日常生活事件与情绪体验关系影响的多层分析

运用经验抽样法对154名大学生的日常情绪体验、生活事件进行为期14天的追踪调查,通过多层线性模型（HLM）探讨日常生活事件与情绪体验的关系及情绪调节策略对二者关系的影响。结果表明：大学生积极情绪体验多于消极情绪体验。在个体内和个体间水平,消极事件都对积极情绪有显著的负向预测作用,对消极情绪有显著的正向预测作用;积极事件对积极情绪有显著的正向预测作用。积极事件对消极情绪的负向预测作用只在个体间水平显著。表达抑制这种情绪调节策略能够增强消极生活事件与消极情绪体验的关系。     

情绪调节自我效能感在神经质、尽责性与心盛之间的中介作用

以412名大学生为被试,运用问卷调查法探讨情绪调节自我效能感在神经质、尽责性与心盛之间的中介作用。结果表明,(1)神经质与表达积极情绪效能、调节消极情绪效能、心盛呈负相关;(2)尽责性与表达积极情绪效能、调节消极情绪效能、心盛呈正相关;(3)表达积极情绪效能、调节消极情绪效能与心盛呈正相关;(4)神经质通过情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用间接影响心盛,同时尽责性不仅直接影响心盛,还能通过情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用间接影响心盛。     

具身的情绪调节:面部表情对内隐情绪的影响

研究一编制内隐积极消极情绪测验(IPANAT)为中文版。测验包括内隐积极情绪和内隐消极情绪两维度,共36个项目,信效度良好。研究二,诱发被试消极情绪后,对其分三组进行表情操控:微笑组,牙齿横咬筷子;不笑组,嘴唇竖含筷子;对照组,不使用筷子。IPANAT得分及反应时分析表明:不笑组,相比微笑组与对照组,内隐消极情绪恢复得更多。这表明面部表情对内隐情绪调节存在影响,并拓展了具身情绪调节的"匹配假说"。     

情绪效价和动机情绪对创造力的影响

以图片材料为情绪启动刺激,以多用途测验(AUT)为创造力测量工具,探究情绪与创造力的关系。采用2(情绪效价类型:积极、消极)×2(动机情绪类型:高生存动机、低生存动机)的被试间设计,结果表明:情绪效价主效应显著,积极情绪组的创造力流畅性、灵活性、新颖性及总分显著高于消极情绪组;动机情绪主效应显著,低生存动机情绪组的创造力流畅性、灵活性及总分显著高于高生存动机情绪组;情绪效价和动机情绪的交互作用不显著。研究表明,积极情绪比消极情绪引发更多的创造性活动;低生存动机情绪下的创造力水平高于高生存动机情绪下的创造力水平;情绪效价与动机情绪对创造力的影响不存在交互作用。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.