School psychology in the U.S.S.R.

Soviet psychologists perform various tasks and provide useful psychological services for pupils and educators. This article describes the general characteristics of education and the preparation and research of psychologists in the U.S.S.R. Also discussed are current practices and emerging trends relating to the establishment of school-based psychological services as well as future developments that may lead to the enhancement of the profession of school psychology in the Soviet Union.     

Environmental psychology in the U.S.S.R.

A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 19th National Convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Boston, November, 5, 1987.     

Women's body images: The results of a national survey in the U.S.A.

This investigation was a representative survey, conducted in 1993, of the body images of 803 adult women in the United States. Included in the survey instrument were selected subscales from the standardized Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, which had been used in a U.S. survey in 1985. The results indicated substantial levels of body dissatisfaction, possibly surpassing levels observed in the 1985 survey. Nearly one-half of the women reported globally negative evaluations of their appearance and a preoccupation with being or becoming overweight. Whereas age effects were minimal, significant race/ethnicity effects were found, with clearly more positive body images among African American than Anglo or Hispanic women. The social and clinical implications of the findings were discussed.     

A Report from the U.S.S.R.: The Problem of Providing Employment to Secondary School Graduates

This article gives an account of the steps taken by the U.S.S.R. to provide employment for its secondary school graduates.     

Graduate education in qualitative methods in U.S. psychology: current trends and recommendations for the future

The visibility of qualitative research methods (QRM) in U.S. psychology has increased with the dissemination of qualitative research in journals and books, formation of professional and scientific organizations, and recognition in educational institutions. While gains have been made, the current state of doctoral training in qualitative methods remains uncertain. It is unclear what training graduate students receive in U.S. psychology programs about qualitative methodologies and how further gains can be made in expanding visibility of QRM in graduate education. In this mixed-methods study, we surveyed a sample of faculty in U.S. psychology graduate programs about the frequency of QRM course offerings, graduate training, and students’ use of QRM in their dissertation research. We also explored qualitative responses from faculty regarding their attitudes about QRM and how these attitudes might help increase or diminish the frequency of methods training available to students. We found that even within graduate programs where there was support for QRM, enduring perceptions about the value of qualitative research limit faculty and graduate students’ use of qualitative methodologies in their research. With these findings in mind, we offer several recommendations for increasing the visibility of QRM in U.S. graduate education and the discipline of psychology as a whole.     

美国新学院大学的法兰克福学派批判理论传统

本文系统地考察了美国的西方新马克思主义研究重镇——纽约新学院大学的法兰克福学派的批判理论传统。这一考察进行了三个层次的分析和梳理:一是该大学的左翼历史传统的形成及其主要代表人物,尤其是第二次世界大战期间该校建立的"流亡大学"的作用;二是该校法兰克福学派批判理论的演进及其第三代的发展现状;三是该校左翼学术传统的主要特点:批判性、欧陆性、犹太性和多元性。本文试图为从事法兰克福学派的美国线索的研究、尤其是对其第三代的研究提供一个视角。     

"Panic": the impact of Le Bon's crowd psychology on U.S. military thought

The controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. Army writings and officer training on morale, leadership, and battlefield psychology rested substantially on his theory of crowds, particularly regarding races and panic. Le Bon's racial psychology took on additional importance when the African-American 92 nd Infantry Division panicked during combat in Italy. This new evidence offers an excellent case study of the direct and enduring impact of a peculiar type of social psychology on the institutional culture of the army from the classrooms at the Army War College to the battlefield itself.     

Computers in psychology: A survey of instructional applications

This paper describes the results of a survey of psychology department chairpersons and faculty concerning the use of instructional computing in undergraduate instruction. The survey summarizes characteristics of departments and faculty, past and future change in instructional computing, current instructional computing activities, and perceived needs for future development in this rapidly changing area.