共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Francis T. McAndrew Emily K. Bell Contitta Maria Garcia 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(7):1562-1577
College students ranked the interest value of 12 different gossip scenarios; likelihood of spreading the gossip; and the people to whom they would be most likely to tell the gossip, depending on whether the gossip was about male or female professors, relatives, friends, acquaintances, strangers, or a same‐sex rival or a romantic partner. Damaging, negative news about rivals and positive news about friends and lovers was especially prized and likely to be passed on. Aside from romantic partners, males and females were more interested in information about same‐sex others than about opposite‐sex others. Overall, men were most likely to confide in their romantic partners, but females were equally likely to share gossip with their lovers and their same‐sex friends. 相似文献
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William Bülow 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2014,17(4):775-789
This paper discusses whether the collateral harm of imprisonment to the close family members and children of prison inmates may give rise to special moral obligations towards them. Several collateral harms, including decreased psychological wellbeing, financial costs, loss of economic opportunities, and intrusion and control over their private lives, are identified. Two competing perspectives in moral philosophy are then applied in order to assess whether the harms are permissible. The first is consequentialist and the second is deontological. It is argued that both of them fails and therefore it is hard to defend the position that allowing for these harms would be morally permissible, even for the sake of the overall aims of incarceration. Instead, it is argued that these harms imply that imprisonment should only be used as a last resort. Where it is necessary, it should give rise to special moral obligations. Using the notion of residual obligation, these obligations are defended, categorized and clarified. 相似文献
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In this essay, I reconstruct tolerance as a moral virtue, by critically analysing its definition, circumstances, justification
and limits. I argues that, despite its paradoxical appearance, tolerance qualifies as a virtue, by means of a restriction
of its proper object to differences that are chosen. Since this excludes the most important and divisive differences of contemporary
pluralism from the scope of the virtue of tolerance, the moral model of toleration cannot constitute the micro-foundation
of the corresponding political practice. However, if the political ideal of toleration must be founded on independent political
reasons of justice, the moral model can bridge the gap between private morality and public reason, providing citizens with
moral motives to supplement the political obligation to neutrality.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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A dogma of contemporary normative theorizing holds that some reasons are distinctively moral while others are not. Call this view Reasons Pluralism. This essay looks at four approaches to vindicating the apparent distinction between moral and non-moral reasons. In the end, however, all are found wanting. Though not dispositive, the failure of these approaches supplies strong evidence that the dogma of Reasons Pluralism is ill-founded. 相似文献
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Douglas W. Portmore 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(4):369-388
In this paper, I argue that those moral theorists who wish to accommodate agent-centered options and supererogatory acts must
accept both that the reason an agent has to promote her own interests is a nonmoral reason and that this nonmoral reason can
prevent the moral reason she has to sacrifice those interests for the sake of doing more to promote the interests of others
from generating a moral requirement to do so. These theorists must, then, deny that moral reasons morally override nonmoral
reasons, such that even the weakest moral reason trumps the strongest nonmoral reason in the determination of an act’s moral
status (e.g., morally permissible or impermissible). If this is right, then it seems that these theorists have their work
cut out for them. It will not be enough for them to provide a criterion of rightness that accommodates agent-centered options
and supererogatory acts, for, in doing so, they incur a debt. As I will show, in accommodating agent-centered options, they
commit themselves to the view that moral reasons are not morally overriding, and so they owe us an account of how both moral
reasons and nonmoral reasons come together to determine an act’s moral status.
相似文献
Douglas W. PortmoreEmail: |
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Gunnar Bj?rnsson 《The Journal of Ethics》2012,16(4):367-393
Many philosophers think that moral objectivism is supported by stable features of moral discourse and thinking. When engaged in moral reasoning and discourse, people behave ??as if?? objectivism were correct, and the seemingly most straightforward way of making sense of this is to assume that objectivism is correct; this is how we think that such behavior is explained in paradigmatically objectivist domains. By comparison, relativist, error-theoretic or non-cognitivist accounts of this behavior seem contrived and ad hoc. After explaining why this argument should be taken seriously (recent arguments notwithstanding), I argue that it is nevertheless undermined by considerations of moral disagreement. Even if the metaphysical, epistemic and semantic commitments of objectivism provide little or no evidence against it, and even if the alternative explanations of ??objectivist?? traits of moral discourse and thinking are speculative or contrived, objectivism is itself incapable of making straightforward sense of these traits. Deep and widespread moral disagreement or, rather, the mere appearance of such disagreement, strongly suggests that the explanations operative in paradigmatically objective discourse fail to carry over to the moral case. Since objectivism, no less than relativism, non-cognitivism and error-theories, needs non-trivial explanations of why we behave ??as if?? objectivism were correct, such behavior does not presently provide reason to accept objectivism. 相似文献
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Harris JR 《Journal of personality》2000,68(3):625-637
Lykken's proposal that people should be required to apply for a license before they can become parents is based on his belief that the increase in crime over the past 40 years is due largely to the increase in the number of children reared in fatherless homes. I argue that the absence of a father is a correlate of criminal behavior in the offspring but not its cause. Other correlations that are usually interpreted as the effects of good or bad child-rearing practices are similarly ambiguous and subject to other explanations. I conclude that the increase in crime over the past 40 years cannot be blamed on the absence of fathers or inept child rearing, and offer two alternative hypotheses. 相似文献
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Sven Ove Hansson 《The Journal of value inquiry》1998,32(3):407-416
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Scott D. Moffat 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(4):478-489
Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive skill that is necessary for everyday functioning in the environment. However, navigational
skills are not typically measured in most test batteries assessing cognitive aging. The present paper reviews what we know
about behavioral differences between older and younger adults in navigational skill and reviews the putative neural mechanisms
that may underlie these behavioral differences. Empirical studies to date clearly identify navigation as an aspect of cognitive
function that is vulnerable to the aging process. The few functional and structural neuroimaging studies that speak to neurological
correlates of these age-related differences point to the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus (retrosplenial
cortex), parietal lobes and pre-frontal cortex as structures critically involved in age effects on navigation. Outstanding
issues in the field are addressed and productive avenues of future research are suggested. Among these outstanding issues
include the necessity of performing longitudinal studies and differentiating between hippocampal and extra-hippocampal contributions
to aging in navigation. The field may also be advanced by empirical assessment of navigational strategies and investigations
into the multisensory nature of navigation including assessing the relative contributions of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive
function to age differences in navigational skill. 相似文献
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Most commonly, the biology of menopause is equated with the biomedical model of menopause. The biomedical model emphasizes the central importance of estrogen and has an overriding focus on disease. A broader-biological model is presented, which emphasizes the role of hormones in healthy functioning. Hormones are team players in complex, multidetermined systems that have a purpose. Hormones act in concert with other physiological systems and with sensory and social inputs. Human biology is both similar to and different from that of other animals. The implications of these assumptions for understanding menopause are discussed, especially the kinds of questions that are asked and the kinds of evidence needed before conclusions are drawn with regard to clinically significant areas. A broader-biological model of menopause provides a framework within which health-related issues can be considered from a perspective that is, on the one hand, more holistic, and on the other hand, more attentive to individual differences. 相似文献
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Philosophy of physics is a small but thriving research field situated at the intersection between the natural sciences and the humanities. However, what exactly distinguishes philosophy of physics from physics is rarely made explicit in much depth. We provide a detailed analysis in the form of eleven theses, delineating both the nature of the questions asked in philosophy of physics and the methodology with which they are addressed. 相似文献
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With a large and growing share of American families now forming outside of marriage, triangular infant–mother–father relationship systems in “fragile families” have begun to attract the interest of family scholars and clinicians. A relatively novel conceptualization has concerned the feasibility of intervening to support the development of a sustained and positive coparenting alliance between mothers and fathers who have not made an enduring relationship commitment to one another. At this point in time, there are very few published outcome studies of programs explicitly conceived to help build coparenting alliances in such families. This article reviews what we currently know from this evolving field of study, and from those related responsible fatherhood and marriage and relationship enhancement (MRE) initiatives that included any explicit targeting, strengthening, and assessment of fragile family coparenting in their designs. We summarize lessons learned thus far from Access and Visitation (AV) programs for non‐residential fathers, from MRE programs for low‐income, unmarried couples, and from newer programs for fragile families directly designed to target and support coparenting per se. We close with recommendations for charting this important new family process terrain. 相似文献
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Kai-Tak Poon 《Basic and applied social psychology》2019,41(2):132-146
Two experiments tested whether cyberostracism increases people’s perceived moral impurity and their tendency to purchase cleansing products. In both experiments, participants were first either ostracized or included in a web-based social interaction. Next, they completed self-report measures to assess their perceived moral impurity and tendency to purchase cleansing products. The results showed that participants who were ostracized reported a higher level of moral impurity and a higher tendency to purchase cleansing products. These findings advance our current understanding on the effect of online social interaction on people’s moral self-perception. 相似文献
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《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2013,23(2):67-86
J. W. Fowler (1993) suggested that psychological theories of religious development need to be modified to take into account women's ways of knowing and acting. After recalling results of research on gender differences of religiousness and insights by Carol Gilligan (1982f1993) and Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, and Tarule (1986), that contention is examined. The parallelisms posited by Fowler between women's epistemological orientations and his developmental stages are analyzed, and a different interpretation is proposed. Whereas the insights under discussion may be helpful when interviewing women and scoring the results, the conclusion is that at present theories of religious development need not be modified on that account. As regards gender- sensitive research on the religiousness of adults, it may be more fruitful to use feminine and masculine "orientations" as variables rather than being female or male. 相似文献