11岁选择性缄默症女孩的箱庭治疗个案研究

采用箱庭疗法对11岁选择性缄默症女孩进行心理治疗的小M研究.经过18次个体箱庭和4次家庭箱庭治疗,来访者的箱庭作品由贫瘠、单调逐渐向丰富、多样转化,由孤立、静止走向开放、动态,自我力量逐步增强.来访者的学校适应、亲子关系也发生了积极改变.箱庭治疗使来访者的内心世界由创伤走向治愈.     

强迫思维女大学生的箱庭疗法个案研究

探讨箱庭疗法对强迫思维患者的有效性和治疗过程.采用个案研究法,对一名强迫思维女大学生进行12次箱庭治疗,结果发现:来访者的箱庭治疗经历了问题呈现-斗争对抗-转化成长-治愈整合四个阶段;来访者的箱庭作品主题呈现出由"受伤主题"向"治愈主题"的转化.经过箱庭治疗,来访者的强迫症状得以缓解,来访者的内心世界从创伤走向治愈.     

箱庭疗法的研究进展

箱庭疗法在国内又称沙盘疗法或沙箱疗法 ,是一种将分析心理学理论和游戏疗法相结合的心理疗法。在箱庭疗法实施过程中 ,让来访者选择一些模型 (玩具 )摆放在特定的沙箱里构成一些场景 (作品 ) ,以表现自己个性和社会性的多个层面 ,咨询者极为关注来访者对其具有象征意义作品的特有解释。箱庭疗法能帮助来访者区分内心世界和外部世界 ,促使无意识的心理内容直接转化为有意识的行动 ,进而澄清来访者的问题。 193 9年英国伦敦的小儿科医生Ｌｏｗｅｎｆｅｌｄ创始了箱庭疗法 ,当时称为“世界技法”。随后 ,Ｅｒｉｋｓｏｎ、Ｂｕｈｌｅｒ和Ｃａｌ…     

父母婚姻问题对子女心理成长的影响及表现——基于箱庭作品特征的视角

基于初始箱庭作品的视角,考察父母婚姻问题对子女心理成长的影响及表现。采用实验组VS对照组研究设计,对两组共60名被试的初始箱庭作品进行数据分析。结果发现：与对照组大学生相比,实验组大学生的箱庭作品在玩具选择类别和数量、箱庭场景和主题、动沙方式和制作时间方面存在显著差异。研究结论：初始箱庭作品能在一定程度上反映实验组被试内心不够丰富、防御性强、自我不够稳定、创伤感比较突出等心理特点。     

箱庭疗法治疗中青年无奈个体的过程及效果

箱庭疗法作为临床心理学领域中一种有效的心理治疗技术,在心理咨询与治疗领域的应用价值和独特优势日益受到关注。为了解箱庭疗法对中青年无奈个体的治疗效果,研究选择对一名有无奈感的中青年采用箱庭疗法进行治疗。结果表明此患者的无奈感如抑郁症状、人际关系敏感症状、压力都得到了较大的改善,证明箱庭疗法能有效促进中青年无奈个体的自我整合。     

箱庭疗法在心理临床中的应用与发展

本文作者于1998年将箱庭疗法介绍到中国,立足于东方文化和中国传统园林盆景艺术的精髓,探讨箱庭疗法在中国文化背景下的适用性.先后在北京师范大学、河北大学、辽宁师范大学、天津师范大学建立了箱庭治疗室,开展心理临床实践,并在<心理科学>上发表国内第一篇"箱庭疗法"的综述文章、个案报告和基础研究报告,其专著<箱庭疗法>亦将由人民教育出版社出版.这期间还成功地培养了一批从事心理咨询及箱庭疗法工作的心理咨询师,箱庭疗法在心理临床中的有效性已得到了验证,在中国心理学临床应用中将发挥重要作用并不断得到发展.     

箱庭疗法与禅北大核心

箱庭疗法（sandplay therapy）又称沙游疗法,是指在咨询者的陪伴下,来访者从玩具架上自由挑选玩具,在盛有细沙的特制箱子里进行自我表现的一种心理疗法[1]。箱庭疗法是在荣格分析心理学的基础上,整合东西方的哲学思想,借鉴了心理分析及地板游戏等技术,由瑞士心理学家卡尔夫（Dora Kailf）创立并发展的一种心理疗法。日本临床心理学家河合隼雄于1965年将这一技法介绍到日本,并将其译为＂箱庭疗法＂。     

箱庭疗法在灾后心理援助与辅导中的应用

本文简述了箱庭疗法引入灾后心理援助工作的在可行性,介绍了以"心"为主题的心理危机援助模式,并报告了存灾区活动板房内使崩箱庭疗法为一名初中一年级学生进行心理咨询的过程,还报告了一位女教师通过箱庭制作梳理负面情绪的过程,说明箱庭疗法可以作为灾后心理援助与辅导的重要方法.     

箱庭疗法应用于家庭治疗的理论背景与临床实践

心理咨询与治疗领域出现了整合的趋势,将箱庭疗法应用于家庭治疗是这一趋势下的成功尝试。箱庭疗法应用于家庭治疗的理论背景是家庭治疗与游戏治疗的整合以及箱庭疗法在团体治疗中的应用。箱庭疗法应用于家庭治疗的临床实践包括家庭评估、家庭治疗、夫妻治疗、家庭治疗师督导,这些临床实践的开展为儿童青少年心理咨询与治疗方法的发展提供了有益的启示。     

团体箱庭疗法干预初中生考试焦虑的效果

以19名考试焦虑初中生为被试,运用等组前后测实验方法,考察团体箱庭疗法干预考试焦虑的效果,并与放松训练进行比较。结果表明：团体箱庭疗法与放松训练一样能够有效地干预初中生的考试焦虑情绪,团体箱庭疗法干预效果的保持性优于放松训练。     

抽动症儿童的箱庭治疗个案研究

探讨箱庭治疗对抽动症儿童的有效性和作用机制。对一名抽动症儿童进行15次箱庭治疗,综合使用作品分析、访谈法和问卷法对治疗的过程及效果进行评估,结果发现个案的变化经过问题呈现、转变和自性三个阶段,箱庭治疗所提供的自由受保护的空间、矫正性的情绪体验以及良好的咨访关系等能够帮助个案减少抽动症状,提高情绪调节能力和人际交往能力。     

复杂哀伤丧亲女孩的箱庭疗法个案研究

通过19次个体箱庭和2次家庭箱庭治疗,对一名12岁复杂哀伤的丧亲女孩W进行了个案研究。发现:(1)箱庭治疗能提高丧亲青少年的个体和家庭功能,促进青少年个体和家庭哀伤任务的完成;(2)W的个体箱庭经历了在混乱重复中寻找秩序、重建自我、转化与整合、自我治愈力展现四个阶段;(3)W的哀伤经验经历了在治疗者促进下分享—象征性表达—主动地象征性表达—直接而主动地表达哀伤经验最终获得哀伤任务完成的变化过程。     

The effect of trauma on the conductor of the group: a type of identificatory countertransference

Trauma affects the conductor of the group as well as the group members. This identificatory countertransference of the group conductor is a resultant of the coming together of the conductor's internal and external worlds, the interplay of introjections, projections, and empathy. It is inconceivable that a conductor of a group can project a "blank screen " of technical neutrality when trauma impinges upon everyone. From a psychodynamic perspective, this article explores groups under the throes of trauma, the interplay of that trauma with the conductor's feelings, and the effects on his or her role in the group. The article also explores the effect of trauma upon the affective process within the group and upon the cognitive processes of the conductor and group members.     

A Sandtray a Day Keeps the Doctor at Play: Using Sandtray for Personal and Professional Development

This article details a year-long project in which the author created a series of 365 sandtrays and journaled about them as a professional and personal growth project. The author shares professional and personal lessons learned from this experience and describes how reflective practices can be used as a method to improve clinical work.     

Revisioning Fordham's ‘Defences of the self’ in light of modern relational theory and contemporary neuroscience

This paper explores the evolution of Michael Fordham's ideas concerning ‘defences of the self’, including his application of this concept to a group of ‘difficult’ adult patients in his famous 1974 paper by the same name. After tracing the relevance of Fordham's ideas to my own discovery of a ‘self‐care system’ in the psychological material of early trauma patients (Kalsched 1996 ), I describe how Fordham's seminal notions might be revisioned in light of contemporary relational theory as well as early attachment theory and affective neuroscience. These revisionings involve an awareness that the severe woundings of early unremembered trauma are not transformable through interpretation but will inevitably be repeated in the transference, leading to mutual ‘enactments’ between the analytic partners and, hopefully, to a new outcome. A clinical example of one such mutual enactment between the author and his patient is provided. The paper concludes with reflections on the clinical implications of this difficult case and what it means to become a ‘real person’ to our patients. Finally, Jung's alchemical views on transference are shown to be useful analogies in our understanding of the necessary mutuality in the healing process with these patients.     

'To walk the last bit on my own' - narcissistic independence or identification with good objects: issues of loss for a 13-year-old who had an amputation

This paper describes two years of psychotherapy with Michael, a 13-year-old boy who had undergone a recent emergency amputation of his leg and hip for bone cancer. The work follows Michael's struggle with the enormity of the loss, in the face of his, as well as the system's, use of denial. The amputation as an 'attack' on his physical and emotional autonomy strikes at his early adolescent development. The therapeutic process is aided by his capacity 'to go back to the unhappiness'. The therapy develops from his initial shock, to despair and self-blame, as he struggles with a tendency - in the middle period of the therapy - to lose his mind as well as his leg in a retreat to withdrawal and mindlessness, or to mania. He struggles between an omnipotent, at times self-destructive, wish to 'go it alone', versus a capacity to feel sad and to value life. His capacity to think about the trauma and to find meaning emerges. The paper raises questions about whether some trauma can ever be fully assimilated, and whether, for Michael, the mourning process could lead to a reintegrated sense of self and of a 'psychic intactness', dependent on the survival of his good 'internal couple'. Hospital and ward-based child psychotherapy and its limitations are explored.     

Trauma and traumatic neurosis: Freud's concepts revisited

The authors examine Freud 's concepts of 'trauma', 'protective shield against stimuli ' and 'traumatic neurosis' in the light of recent findings. 'Protective shield against stimuli' is regarded as a biological concept which appears in mental life as the striving to avoid unpleasant affects. 'Trauma' is a twofold concept in that it relates to mental experience and links an external event with the specific after-effects on an individual 's psychic reality. A distinction needs to be made between mentally destructive trauma and affective trauma. A destructive trauma does not break through the protective shield but does breach the pleasure-unpleasure principle, so that in the course of its subsequent mastery it leads to a traumatic neurosis. An affective trauma can be warded off under the rule of the pleasure-unpleasure principle and leads to a psychoneurosis.     

Understanding Betrayals in Marriage: A Synthesized Model of Forgiveness

Forgiveness is an issue that is problematic for many couples, particularly those in marital therapy. However, little attention has been paid to this construct in the psychological literature. The purpose of this article is to describe a synthesized model of forgiveness using constructs from multiple theories, including forgiveness, trauma recovery, cognitive-behavioral, family systems, and insight-oriented theories. Forgiveness is conceptualized as a process consisting of three stages, each of which has cognitive, behavioral, and affective components. Furthermore, these stages seem to parallel a person's natural response to traumatic stress. First, there is a response to the initial impact; second, there is an attempt to give the event some kind of meaning, or put it into context; and finally, the person begins to move forward and readjust. Forgiveness is conceptualized as attaining: (a) a realistic, nondistorted, balanced view of the relationship; (b) a release from being controlled by negative affect toward the participating partner; and (c) a lessened desire to punish the participating partner. Implications for marital therapy also are discussed.