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1.
Although Bangladesh is known as one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world, qualitative research
and anecdotal evidence suggests its people report levels of happiness that are higher than those found in many other countries.
This includes ‘developed’ countries where people have larger per capita incomes and can access a wider range of public services
and goods. The paper explores this apparent paradox by analysing primary quantitative and qualitative data, and engaging with
existing literature on happiness and objective wellbeing in Bangladesh. The data and analysis presented makes an original
and timely contribution to the limited knowledge we have of the construction and experience of happiness and life satisfaction
in contexts of extreme and persistent economic poverty. It identifies and offers insights into the ‘personal’ as well as social
or ‘relational’ values and goals that people in Bangladesh consider important to achieve happiness in life. It also reflects
on how different people experience these values and goals in very different ways. This, we argue, leads to a better understanding
of the influence of the social and cultural context in the construction of people’s happiness. In the conclusion, we reflect
on the policy implications of our findings.
相似文献
Laura CamfieldEmail: |
2.
The present paper explored the relation of wealth and support for self-determination to national subjective well-being (SWB).
Support for self-determination was considered from both a political and cultural values standpoint. The results confirmed
associations between wealth, support for self-determination, and well-being in a large sample of countries. Importantly, political
and cultural value supports for self-determination remained significantly associated with national well-being (as measured
by happiness reports and life expectancy) even after controlling for national differences in wealth.
相似文献
Michelle DownieEmail: |
3.
This mail survey measured post-traumatic stress symptoms, spiritual and non-spiritual coping strategies, and positive spiritual
outcomes following the tragedies of 9/11/01 in a national, random sample of 1,056 Presbyterians. Respondents reported mild
to moderate degrees of re-experiencing and hyper-arousal symptoms of post-traumatic stress, unrelated to location or knowing
someone involved. People experiencing high stress used greater frequency and variety of both spiritual and non-spiritual types
of coping strategies. Positive spiritual outcomes were remarkably related to positive spiritual coping strategies, in contrast
to no association with negative coping. This study illustrates the significant degree of post-traumatic stress experienced
with vicarious exposure and a wide spectrum of coping strategies used following the major terrorist attacks.
相似文献
John P. Marcum |
4.
Kurt Mosser 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):1-20
Kant’s reputation for making absolutist claims about universal and necessary conditions for the possibility of experience
are put here in the broader context of his goals for the Critical philosophy. It is shown that within that context, Kant’s
claims can be seen as considerably more innocuous than they are traditionally regarded, underscoring his deep respect for
“common sense” and sharing surprisingly similar goals with Wittgenstein in terms of what philosophy can, and at least as importantly
cannot, provide.
相似文献
Kurt MosserEmail: |
5.
According to Self-Determination Theory, feelings of relatedness and value of a behavior are critical factors that affect internalization
and integration. The purpose of the current study was to identify factors that influence relatedness and value in an academic
setting. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of autonomy, mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance
goals, on two dependent variables: relatedness to the professor and value of the course. Participants were 222 undergraduate
students (90 males) enrolled in introductory psychology classes. Linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant
effect of mastery goals and autonomy on relatedness such that higher scores were associated with greater relatedness. A similar
pattern emerged for value. Neither performance-approach nor performance-avoidance goals were significantly associated with
relatedness or value. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed.
相似文献
Tonya DodgeEmail: |
6.
Stavros A. Drakopoulos 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(2):303-315
There is a common empirical finding in many countries that substantial increases in real per capita income do not correspond
to equivalent increases of individual happiness. These findings have puzzled many economists that some have called the “paradox
of happiness”. There have been a number of explanations regarding this paradox. This paper attempts to tackle the paradox
of happiness by employing the idea of hierarchical choice. The hierarchical approach implies that there are some basic human
needs which must be satisfied before non-basic needs come into the picture. The paper argues that the hierarchical structure
of needs implies that the satisfaction of basic needs provides substantial increases to individual happiness compared to the
subsequent satisfaction of secondary needs. This might also be an alternative explanation of empirical findings showing a
positive relationship between income and happiness up to certain level of income. It can also be combined with existing explanations
of the paradox and thus enhance our understanding of the issue.
相似文献
Stavros A. DrakopoulosEmail: |
7.
Masoud Moghaddam 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2008,9(4):577-587
This paper studies both pecuniary and non-pecuniary factors affecting happiness—an issue that has sparked a great deal of
interest in the economic literature. Using an ordered Probit model and the 1998 general social survey (GSS) data, the paper
empirically demonstrates the extent to which socioeconomic and demographic variables along with faith and emotionally based
factors may determine happiness. The 1998 survey was conducted nearly at the conclusion of one of the longest economic expansion—a
high income low inflation era in the US history. However, the findings tend to suggest that the absolute value of nominal
income insignificantly, but non-pecuniary elements (faith and emotionally based factors including financial security) significantly
determine happiness.
相似文献
Masoud MoghaddamEmail: |
8.
The China Puzzle: Falling Happiness in a Rising Economy 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hilke Brockmann Jan Delhey Christian Welzel Hao Yuan 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):387-405
Over the 1990–2000 decade happiness in China plummeted despite massive improvement in material living standards. This finding
contradicts the notion that income growth at low living standards leads to gains, not losses, in happiness. We explain this
puzzle by drawing on a specific version of relative deprivation theory, the concept of “frustrated achievers.” Our major finding
is that income inequality in China became increasingly skewed towards the upper income strata, so that related to the average
income the financial position of most Chinese worsened. Consequently, financial dissatisfaction rose and became an increasingly
important factor in depressing happiness. Other negative feelings emerging with rapid transitions, such as anomie and disaffection,
show a less depressive effect on Chinese happiness. We conclude with some speculations about the applicability of our findings
to transition economies in general.
相似文献
Jan DelheyEmail: |
9.
This study examined the individual functioning, interpersonal relations, and academic performance of 115 male juveniles who
were divided into 5 demographically matched groups (sexual offenders with peer/adult victims, sexual offenders with child
victims, violent nonsexual offenders, nonviolent nonsexual offenders, and nondelinquent youths). Parents and youths completed
self-report instruments, behavior rating inventories, and a videorecorded interaction task, and teachers completed a rating
measure. Results showed that juvenile sexual offenders, like juvenile nonsexual offenders, had more behavior problems, more
difficulties in family and peer relations, and poorer academic performance than did nondelinquent youths. However, juvenile
sexual offenders and nonsexual offenders did not differ on any of the measures of individual or interpersonal adjustment.
The implications of these findings for research, theory, and treatment are discussed.
相似文献
Charles M. BorduinEmail: |
10.
Based on the affective expectations model and research on mental effort mobilization, two experiments manipulated affective
expectations (no expectations versus positive expectations) and ego involvement (low versus high) and assessed participants’
affective reactions to hedonically neutral stimuli. In Experiment 1, evaluations were more positive when participants had
positive expectations about neutral photos—but only when ego involvement was low. High ego involvement neutralized this affective
expectation assimilation effect. Experiment 2 replicated these findings for experienced mood after reading a hedonically neutral
short essay. Furthermore, high ego involvement led to longer response latencies in the affect ratings in Study 1. The findings
support the idea that high ego involvement resulted in relatively high mental effort that was necessary to detect discrepancies
between affective expectations and stimuli’s real affective potential and therefore moderated the assimilation effect to affective
expectations.
相似文献
Guido H. E. GendollaEmail: |
11.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
12.
13.
Carlo Tomasetto Maria Cristina Matteucci Felice Carugati Patrizia Selleri 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(2):191-211
Research on academic learning indicates that many students experience major difficulties with introductory statistics and
methodology courses. We hypothesized that students’ difficulties may depend in part on the fact that statistics tasks are
commonly viewed as related to the threatening domain of math. In two field experiments which we carried out in the ecological
context of introductory statistics courses, the representation of a statistics task administered to undergraduate students
in Psychology (Study 1; n = 127) and Biology (Study 2; n = 166) was manipulated. In both studies we found that students who reported the least favorable prior attainments in math
had their performance thwarted when the task was presented as related to the math domain, whereas no performance impairment
was observed when the task was presented as related to the verbal/linguistic domain. Implications of the findings for the
design and delivery of introductory statistics and research methodology courses are discussed.
相似文献
Carlo TomasettoEmail: |
14.
Jo-Ann Tsang 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(3):198-204
Gratitude and indebtedness have often been equated in psychology. Emerging research, however, suggests that these emotions
are experienced differently and occur in response to different situations (Gray, Emmons, & Morrison, 2001). The current set
of experiments investigated the effects of helper intention on grateful and indebted reactions to a favor. Study 1 utilized
scenario methodology to present participants with a favor that was given with benevolent or ulterior motives. Participants
felt significantly more grateful when the helper had benevolent intentions. Reactions of indebtedness did not vary as a function
of helper intention. In Study 2, participants recalled favors that had been done for them for either unselfish or selfish
reasons. Participants reported significantly more gratitude for the favor when they were instructed to recall an unselfish
favor. Levels of indebtedness were not affected by helper intention. Study 3 provided participants with an ambiguous favor
scenario to better assess individuals' natural reactions to receiving help, and replicated the results of Study 1. Together,
these three experiments provide support for differences between grateful and indebted emotions.
相似文献
Jo-Ann TsangEmail: |
15.
Conventional wisdom in much of the educational and psychological literatures states that the ethnic and racial identity of
African American students is related to their academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ethnic
identity and anti-white attitudes predicted the academic achievement of African American students at a historically Black
university. A hypothesized path model was proposed that included ethnic identity, attitudes toward other ethnic groups, anti-white
attitudes, perceptions of caring faculty, academic self-concept, and devaluing academic success. The path analysis model explained
27% of the variance in grade point average and revealed three direct effects on grade point average: (a) academic self-concept
(positive), (b) devaluing academic success (negative), and (c) anti-white attitudes (negative). Ethnic identity was indirectly
linked with grade point average (GPA) through academic self-concept and devaluing academic success. Tests of two alternative
nested models suggest that even in an indirect role, ethnic identity may be more important than anti-white attitudes in a
model of African American academic achievement.
相似文献
Collette ChapmanEmail: |
16.
When individuals think about their future, feedback on their strengths and weaknesses may often serve as a useful source of information. Three studies investigated the influence of positive and neutral moods on feedback seeking. In Studies 1 and 2, positive mood increased interest in feedback about weaknesses when this information was useful for self-assessment and self-improvement. But when the feedback was not useful for these superordinate, long-term goals then positive mood directed participants’ interest to strength-focused feedback, thereby serving short-term, affective concerns (e.g., feeling good about oneself). Study 3 directly manipulated self-evaluative goals. When a learning goal was activated, positive mood increased interest in weaknesses-focused feedback, but when an affective goal was activated, positive mood increased interest in strength-focused feedback. These results support our hypothesis that positive mood attunes individuals to the relationships of goals and means, thus promoting actions that serve primary goals.
相似文献
Yaacov TropeEmail: |
17.
Applying three mathematical modeling techniques, this study proposes and tests the fit of an academic performance model, and
then estimates the relative importance of four performance predictors: academic ability, performance goal orientation, educational
technology use, and social network density. Drawing on social network theory, findings from this study show that social network
density is a statistically important and unique predictor of academic performance, suggesting that “who you know” matters
in large classroom settings. However, this study also indicates that academic ability is the most dominant factor in the explanation
of academic performance. Practical and theoretical implications for enhancing academic performance through social networks
are discussed.
相似文献
Tracey E. RizzutoEmail: |
18.
Despite extensive research on the subject spanning over 70 years, uncertainty still remains as to whether happier workers
are in fact more productive. This study combined longitudinal prospective and experience sampling methods to examine the relationship
between happiness and self-reported productivity among Directors employed in the public and private sectors. Analyses at a
trait level suggested happy people were more productive. Similarly, at the state level of analysis, people were more productive
when they were happier. Among the happiness indicators examined (job satisfaction, quality of work life, life satisfaction,
positive affect, and negative affect) positive affect was most strongly, but not exclusively, tied to productivity at both
the state and trait levels. Discussion focuses on reconciling a long history of mixed findings regarding the happy-productive
worker thesis.
相似文献
John M. ZelenskiEmail: |
19.
Ishtiyaque Haji 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(2):169-179
Practical reasons, roughly, are reasons to have our desires and goals, and to do what might secure these goals. I argue for
the view that lack of freedom to do otherwise undermines the truth of judgments of practical reason. Thus, assuming that determinism
expunges alternative possibilities, determinism undercuts the truth of such judgments. I propose, in addition, that if practical
reason is associated with various values in a specified way, then determinism precludes such values owing to determinism's
imperiling practical reason.
相似文献
Ishtiyaque HajiEmail: |
20.
Margaret L. Vaaler Christopher G. Ellison Karissa D. Horton John P. Marcum 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(5):533-546
Despite the recurrent public and academic controversies over the issue of corporal punishment, few studies have examined the
attitudes of clergy members. This oversight is noteworthy, because clergy members may influence the beliefs and behaviors
of church members and others via their roles in parish ministry, counseling, and civic leadership. Our study addresses this
gap in the research literature using data from a nationwide sample of Presbyterian Church (USA) clergy members. Key findings
include the following: (a) Approval of corporal punishment is higher among male, non-white, less affluent, and parish (vs.
specialized) clergy; (b) Theological conservatism is unrelated to corporal punishment attitudes, but political conservatism
and Republican Party leanings are strongly predictive of greater approval of physical discipline; and (c) Clergy members who
know someone in their congregation who has experienced abuse are less supportive of the corporal punishment of children, although
direct personal experiences with physical or emotional abuse are less consistently related to corporal punishment attitudes.
Several implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Margaret L. VaalerEmail: |