后现代叙事心理治疗探幽

近15年来国际心理治疗界出现一种由科学隐喻向叙事隐喻转变的潮流.它突出了心理问题的多维性和生活方式的多样性,强调整体联系的视角,与中国文化中的"大人"思想相契合.对叙事心理治疗做探讨,分为三个部分:什么是叙事心理治疗,介绍对叙事心理治疗的整体理解;叙事心理治疗的哲学渊源,介绍叙事心理治疗的理论基础;伦理问题,探讨叙事心理治疗在组织实施过程中权力关系与责任分布.     

叙事心理治疗的后现代视角

叙事心理治疗,作为一种本体存在一伦理实践的总体取向,隐含着某些基本的后现代主义视角,尤其是语言观的根本转变。现代主义的观点把语言看作是对现实的表征,而后现代主义关注语言的本体论地位,关注我们如何使用叙事和文本来建构和解构我们的生活世界,强调话语实践的自我反思性。该文探讨了后现代语境中心理治疗的几个关键问题,并讨论了叙事观在心理治疗的临床实践中的应用含义。     

后现代心理治疗及其伦理问题思考

文章通过论述后现代对现代认识论和思维模式的质疑与超越,分析了后现代语境下心理治疗与现代心理治疗的差异,并关注在后现代这一新的思维模式下,心理治疗领域可能产生的伦理问题。作者指出,后现代心理治疗的不确定性、价值干预和文化介入,使心理治疗的伦理挑战被进一步复杂化,对治疗师也提出了更高要求。     

叙事心理治疗的特征及其与中国文化的契合

基于后现代文化理念的叙事心理治疗,其主要特征与中国文化的契合体现在:问题外化的治疗手段顺应中国人的面子心理和辩证的思维方式;关系取向的治疗立场更适合具有关系自我观的中国人;关注差异的治疗模式与中医的个体化治疗模式不谋而合;重视来访者的内在力量可充分发挥中国人善于自律和反思的特长.     

叙事心理治疗的特征及其与中国文化的契合

基于后现代文化理念的叙事心理治疗,其主要特征与中国文化的契合体现在:问题外化的治疗手段顺应中国人的面子心理和辩证的思维方式;关系取向的治疗立场更适合具有关系自我观的中国人;关注差异的治疗模式与中医的个体化治疗模式不谋而合;重视来访者的内在力量可充分发挥中国人善于自律和反思的特长。     

试析后现代心理学影响下的心理治疗与咨询

后现代心理学强调心理现象的建构特性和心理学知识的文化相对性。后现代背景下的心理治疗和咨询接受社会建构主义的认识论主张,认为病理心理是语言的社会建构,并没有客观的意义。所有的治疗和咨询理论都是一种“建构”或“叙事”,而不是所谓的“真理”。承认这一点,将有助于在后现代多元化的基础上,实现各种治疗和咨询理论的整合。     

后现代视野中的心理治疗及其思考

现代心理治疗与后现代心理治疗在关于认识论、知识的性质、标准、构造以及语言的作用等方面存在诸多差异。前者是对客观与理性的探寻．后者是对主观建构的追求。尽管人们对后现代心理治疗尚有诸多争论,但却能引发人们在扩展对心理治疗性质之认识、推进心理治疗本土化、克服心理治疗中的非人格化倾向等方面的有益思考。     

后现代心理学与心理咨询概述

受后现代文化思潮的冲击,后现代心理学作为一种新的心理学思潮在西方心理学界逐渐兴起并传播开来。后现代心理咨询也以其认识论的改变和研究范式的转移成为后现代思潮的表现形式之一。尽管人们对后现代心理学和后现代心理咨询还有诸多争论,但这一思潮却能引发我们推进心理学研究的本土化、扩大心理学的视野、深化心理学的实际应用,从而树立大心理学观。     

碎片化影像——对中国情景喜剧后现代叙事的思考

著名的西方马克思主义学者,美国当代著名的文艺理论与文化理论家杰姆逊认为,后现代文化包括电视、电影、广告、建筑、小说等在内的多种文化现象,而其首要特征就是碎片化,零散化,他说:"拉康认为在精神分裂中,'能指'和'所指'间的一切关系,比喻性的或转喻性的都消失了,而且表意链(能指与所指)完全崩溃了,留下的只是一连串的'能指'.     

浸润后现代精神的心理治疗模式--焦点解决短期疗法述评

焦点解决短期治疗是近20年逐步发展成熟的心理治疗模式,在西方社会得到了广泛的应用.主要从焦点解决短期治疗的产生背景、基本理念、应用价值及其局限性这三个方面对这种新兴的心理治疗模式作出简单的述评.     

The Embodied and Contingent Self in Later Life: A Narrative Understanding

This article examines a narrative understanding of identity and discusses its relevance within the sociocultural contingencies of the postmodern age. Providing an historical overview of understandings of the self, Meador traces the lineage of the self from Augustine through contemporary theories of identity. He focuses on the narrative concept of identity, acknowledging the existence of multiple narratives—those that individuals tell about themselves and those told by others. Finally, he explores the transformative potential available within this context for those in their later years.     

On the Right Track: Client Experience of Narrative Therapy

This article presents an ethnographic research on eight families' experience of narrative therapy and discusses six major themes found in the interviews including externalizing conversation, developing the alternate story, personal agency, reflecting/consulting teams, building a wider audience, and the helpful and unhelpful aspects of the therapy. The findings and the notation that families found the therapy to be very effective are also included.     

Some Practical Implications of Integrating Narrative and Humanistic/Existential Approaches to Psychotherapy

Although the humanistic/existential and the narrative approaches to psychotherapy are clearly distinct perspectives with some marked differences at the level of metatheory, they also show very important similarities in their conceptualization of the human condition and the processes involved in living adaptively (Richert, 1999). These similarities make these two approaches reasonable candidates for integration. The present paper examines five specific points of integration at the level of strategy and techniques (Neimeyer, 1993b): Interplay of experiential meanings and narrative structure in developing client meaning, use of existential themes in client narratives, deconstruction as a means of dealing with existential guilt, contextualization of wishes as a means of mobilizing will, and reflexivity as a way of developing the I–Thou relationship. A brief theoretical rationale is offered for each of these points of integration, and each is illustrated with clinical examples.     

Some Thoughts on the Integration of Narrative and Humanistic/Existential Approaches to Psychotherapy

Although humanistic and narrative approaches to psychotherapy make some different assumptions about the nature of the human condition and emphasize different aspects of human functioning in their therapeutic endeavors, I argue here that the underlying assumptions of these two approaches reflect a common view of humanness, thus making these two approaches candidates for attempts at integration. Four areas of commonality are discussed in detail: (a) life as a process of continual development, (b) the nature of experience and the process of meaning creation, (c) the nature of psychological dysfunction, and (d) the nature and importance of human relationships. The implications of these commonalities for the practice of therapy from an integrated perspective are explored in an extended case example.     

Enhancing Narrative Couple Therapy Process with an Enactment Scaffolding

Despite the growing popularity of narrative approaches to couple and family therapy and the demonstrated effectiveness of enactments—a clinical process typically articulated and utilized in more modern or positivistic approaches to therapy—there is very little, if any, literature exploring how enactments may fit within a narrative therapeutic framework. In this paper we suggest: That narrative therapy theoretical assumptions, principles, and therapeutic processes may coexist within an enactment framework articulated by Butler and Gardner; that such assumptions and processes may be enhanced when clinicians use an enactment scaffolding throughout the therapeutic process; and that this enactment framework empirically informs the narrative therapy process and strengthens the stance of narrative therapy under the scrutiny of those claiming a need for an evidence basis in psychotherapy.