One Hundred Years of Semantic Paradox

This article contains an overview of the main problems, themes and theories relating to the semantic paradoxes in the twentieth century. From this historical overview I tentatively draw some lessons about the way in which the field may evolve in the next decade.     

《孙子兵法》研究一百年

数千年的中华文明史,给人们留下了一份极其珍贵的历史文化遗产———古典兵法,而《孙子兵法》则是其中最为优秀的代表。它虽仅仅短短六千言,然而却和《周易》、《论语》、《道德经》一样,是影响中国文化两千五百余年的不朽元典。它的伟大价值,在于它真正参悟了战争的禅机奥秘,揭示了军事斗争的内在一般规律,规范了中国古典军事文化的基本特质及其主导倾向。因此,历来被列为我国兵书之首,享有“百世谈兵之祖”的美誉,并在世界军事学术发展史上占有突出的地位。它的影响也已超越单纯的军事领域,深入到政治斗争、外交角逐、经营管理、体育竞技…     

Sifting through the Hyperbole: One Hundred Years of Marijuana Coverage in The New York Times

The contemporary media has often portrayed marijuana as a “slacker drug”; however, this portrayal is somewhat novel. Several scholars have argued in the early 1900s, especially in the 1930s, the media often associated marijuana with violence and mental illness. Another common argument was that marijuana was associated with Mexican immigrants. Conversely, other researchers have argued that these reports were overblown and media accounts of marijuana were not very common until recent years. The current study utilizes recently available on-line archives to conduct a more comprehensive test of how exactly marijuana was depicted in The New York Times from 1851–1950.     

One Hundred Years of Reading Research: Successes and Missteps of Edmund Burke Huey and Other Pioneers

For more than 100 years, research on the psychology of reading has proliferated. In this article, the authors wish to help modern reading researchers understand the origins of the discipline and benefit from its history. This article draws heavily on Edmund Burke Huey's 1908 landmark volume The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading, the first scientific treatise in the field of literacy. Starting with Huey, some of the early pioneers’ enduring contributions to the field are highlighted but especially their scientific mistakes that ultimately led the field in promising new directions. An overview of the modern controversy between phonics and whole language instruction is underscored regarding how it arose from early errors.     

Integrating Experimental and Observational Personality Research—The Contributions of Hans Eysenck

ABSTRACT A fundamental aspect of Hans Eysenck's research was his emphasis upon using all the tools available to the researcher to study personality. This included correlational, experimental, physiological, and genetic approaches. Fifty years after Cronbach's call for the reunification of the two disciplines of psychology ( Cronbach, 1957 ) and 40 years after Eysenck's plea for experimental approaches to personality research ( H. J. Eysenck, 1966 ), what is the status of the unification? Should personality researchers use experimental techniques? Do experimental techniques allow us to tease out causality, and are we communicating the advantages of combining experimental with multivariate correlational techniques? We review the progress made since Cronbach's and Eysenck's original papers and suggest that although it is still uncommon to find experimental studies of personality, psychology would benefit from the joint use of correlational and experimental approaches.     

女性诺贝尔奖获得者百年回顾

回顾分析女性诺贝尔奖获得者的国别、年龄、所属单位等方面;通过对诺贝尔生理或医学奖女性获奖者的性格、经历、价值观等方面的研究;发现她们在性格上果敢坚韧;面对性别歧视、政策不利、学术冷遇时都展现出为人类卫生事业做出贡献的坚定信念和淡泊名利的高尚价值观.     

Identity and Difference: A Hundred Years of Analytic Philosophy

At its origins, analytic philosophy is an interest in language, science, logic, analysis, and a systematic rather than a historical approach to philosophical problems. Early analytic philosophers were famous for making clear conceptual distinctions and for couching them in comprehensible and lucid sentences. It is argued that this situation is changing, that analytic philosophy is turning into its mirror image and is thereby becoming more like the kind of philosophy that it used to oppose.     

Psychology and Law: The Last 15 Years

The modern initiative for psychologists becoming involved in research relevant to law can be more or less traced to developments approximately 15 years ago, although earlier roots are evident. The period of this review thus roughly coincides with the publication life of the Journal of Applied Social Psychology. A few major research trends were discussed from this historical perspective, and problems and projections briefly noted.     

Psychology of Religion: What One Needs to Know

This essay is an introduction to systematic nonsectarian psychology of religion—its nature and scope, and its history. Among major issues, the study of motivation for being religious and stages of religious development are discussed, as well as counseling and psychotherapy. I summarize current trends.