Compétences communicatives dans la relation avec l'adulte et aptitude à interagir avec leurs pairs chez des enfants âgés de 20 à 30 mois

These research deals with the existence of a link between level of communication with adults and interactions between peers according to the observation of a group of twelve children. The level of communication with adults is evaluated with the Early Social Communication Evaluation Scale. The children are observed during an object exploration activity which is analysed from the point of view of the interactions between peers. The results show that more thehigher the level obtained by the children got a high level on the ECSP is, the more they set interactions. There is a link between the level obtained on the ECSP and the functions of communication set when peers interact (social interaction and behaviour regulation). The link exists also with the centration of interactions (on action or on object). These differences depend of one's capacity in conceiving someone else's intention.     

Améliorer la communication et gérer l'opposition à l'adolescence par la pratique de la Lutte Éducative

This paper presents and defines concept of “Educational Wrestling” as a particular wrestling's approach based on the self-knowledge, on the body, mental, emotional and relational levels of the person. By direct physical confrontation that it implies, this is an activity with high emotional load, having educational psychoqualities, which we discuss in a clinical approach of management of the affects, identity construction and mode of relation to the other. Our remarks are illustrated by clinical cases of four 12 years aged pupils, presenting difficulties of integration, behaviour and/or expression. The analysis of these young people during a cycle of five meetings of Educational Wrestling (starting from recordings video and of talks) makes it possible to describe qualitatively the changes observed following this workshop.     

La qualité de vie d'enfants asthmatiques participant à un programme d'éducation à la maladie

Our purpose is here to study the quality of life of asthmatic children involved in a program of education. Regarding this, we used the “OK. ado” of Manificat and Dazord, the Trait-Anxiety inventory for children of Spielberger, the questionnaires of educative diagnostic “Ce que tu sais” and “À toi de jouer” and our observations during the different sessions of the program of education. The analysis of the results we obtained for the questionnaires of educative diagnostic, and for the Trait-Anxiety inventory, combined with our observations confirmed the elements of the literature: asthma badly affects quality of life among children. It also shows the importance not to neglect the experience of asthmatic children in their treatment. Nevertheless, results obtained for the quality of life questionnaire (“OK. ado”) doesn't reveal the same dissatisfaction of children regarding their quality of life. This contradiction leads us to wonder about the influence of a group into the educational program and about the opposition between assessment of the quality of life and experience of the disease.     

Validation de l'adaptation française de l'échelle de dépendance à l'exercice physique : l'EDS-R

The research purpose is to examine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability and factorial validity of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), translate into French language. Three studies, containing 965 persons, are undertaken to accomplish these purpose. Participants have completed the EDS-R. Adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability for the scale are evidenced in the two first studies. Confirmatory analysis (Lisrel) in study 3 supported a correlated seven-factor model, the model fit are acceptable (TLI = 0,93; CFI = 0,94; RMSEA = 0,062; SRMR = 0,06). These studies provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the EDS-R into French. Language. This instrument can be thus used in the clinical and studies framework on the exercise dependence.     

La boulimie à l'épreuve du Rorschach : étude des représentations de soi et d'objet dans une analyse multivariée

The aim of this study was to examine self and objet representation disorders defined by bulimic women. 113 bulimics and 115 non-bulimics, aged 18 to 58, both outpatient women, where assessed by the Rorschach test according to the french method. 14 topics were selected from ther international psychopathological literature then translated into 14 Rorschach indices from the analysis of each protocol. Ten of the fourteen selected indices distinguish the two groups in a significant way. A multivariate analysis (AFCM) reveals in the bulimic group five dimensions corresponding to 63% of the inertia. If the first dimension appears to be related to general psychopathology, the four others are more specific to bulimic representation disorders.     

Différences liées à l'âge lors de la lecture de phrases : étude des processus d'activation et d'inhibition

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a performance decrease related to normal aging can be accounted for by a decrease in activation and inhibition processes. An original categorical decision task was performed by young participants (mean: 21.46 years) and older participants (mean: 66.48 years). The task was to decide whether affirmative or negative sentences including a categorical component were correct or not. A self-space presentation was used in order to measure separate processing times for different parts of the sentence. The results showed a differential processing of the sentence components related to the participant age, which suggests a decrease in activation and inhibition processes with aging.     

« Conciliation vie privée vie professionnelle » : plusieurs termes pour une même réalité ? Proposition de modélisation à travers l’usage français

The aim of this paper is to define the vocabulary used about interactions between people's work and their private lives. Several terms exist and are used as synonyms despite of their slightly different meanings are different: balance, conflict, interaction, enrichment; personal life, family life… Based on an analysis of 45 French articles in psychology, management and human resources, we notice that the terms used are rarely defined. In a thematic analysis of these articles, we suggest a model which defines all words usually used.     

Les garçons agressifs : l'angoisse et ses défenses

In this study we tried to establish a relation between the results obtained from the Rorschach test of 20 Brazilian aggressive boys with those obtained in a French research with “caracteriels”. The groups show similarities as aggressive behaviour and peer relationship difficulties at school. The Rorschach shows a predominance of good form quality of G%, but the F+% is bellow the norms. There is an increase in kinesthetic responses compared to colour responses and the popular responses do not reach 4. The main defence mechanism, “le recours à la fantaisie”, aims to reduce the fear of annihilation. The French research enhanced the understanding of the psychodynamic processes and the decision to recommend a play therapy to the Brazilian group.     

Les directives anticipées et la personne de confiance en gériatrie : de l'émergence de mouvements défensifs à une possibilité d'élaboration psychique sur le vieillissement et la mort proche pour le sujet âgé et sa famille

The object of this study is to identify old people's resistances and their family's, concerning advance directives and the personhood's nomination. Semi-structured interviews were realized by 20 hospital patients and 14 persons living in an old people's home. Families named as “personhood” by their parents were also interviewed. Writing advances directives spark off anguish and defence mechanisms among the elderly people and their families, curbing the law's application. But these protocols seem to be used as a tool of the trade by the psychologist in geriatrics. It allows indeed old people to enter in an grieving process and to prepare themselves for the end-of-life.     

Construction et validation de l'Échelle de motivation à avoir un enfant (EMAE)

This article presents the results of two studies designed to develop and validate the Motivation to have a Child Scale (MCS). According to self-determination theory (STD; Deci, Ryan, 1985, 1991, 2000), it is proposed that the MCS measures 5 types of motivation: intrinsic motivation, three forms of extrinsic motivation (identification, introjection and external regulation) and amotivation. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor structure of the scale. In addition, results reveal that the MCS subscales display satisfactory internal consistency values. Finally, the construct validity of the MCS is supported by a series of correlational analyses among the five subscales, as well as among these five subscales and some variables relevant to parenthood (e.g.: perceptions of parental autonomy and parental self-efficacy). In sum, the present results provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the MCS. A general discussion on the theoretical and methodological contributions of the scale toward motivation and parenthood domains is presented.     

Quelques réflexions sur l'évaluation de l'intelligence générale : un retour à Binet ?

At this centennial of the Binet-Simon test (1905), the edition of the WISC-IV (Wechsler, 2005) raises some questions about general intelligence. After outlining the different approaches of its evaluation, especially global versus factorial approaches, and its evolution, the objective is to show how that contributes to understand the changes presented in the WISC-IV. The scale is built on four factorial homogeneous indices corresponding to dimensions which are the most studied today: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, working memory and fast processing abilities. Nevertheless, this multidimensionality is accompanied by certain redundancies and the reduction of some aspects, especially knowledge, visual-spatial intelligence and social intelligence. In conclusion, some fundamental principles are noted, which were defined by Binet, yielding a “flash-back to the source”.     

Comme réponse à la précarité du lien mère–bébé, les « Petits Pas » : un réseau en périnatalité…

The “Baby Steps” network includes a multi-disciplinary team and aims to accompany parents-to-be and young parents as they meet their newborns. The exchange and development relationships that professionals develop among themselves help to support the notion of parenthood and circumscribe any potential risk. The professionals in the network hail from a variety of backgrounds but they are all involved in perinatal care and by grouping their skills can adapt and optimise the assistance and care they offer to parents. The “Parent Island” reception area and the mother-baby therapy group with a separate father oriented structure are the truly original aspects of the network. Prevention is vital, as is providing therapeutic care for disturbances related to early parent-child relationships. With a strong “group psychology focus” the network creates a sufficiently solid structure to receive any unconscious negative projections from momentarily or deeply distressed parents.     

Le clinicien face à la crise hystérique : enjeux théoricocliniques de l'épreuve du féminin

Hysterical crisis shows unexpected hallucinations and delirium happening into hysterical structure. Although subject of many psycho-analytical works, hysterical crisis is always matter of debate. That kind of crisis happens when hysterical women and their lover have fallen out. Analysing the case of madam M., we will propose a reflexion about the real raison of those love-affairs to reconsider hysteria in relation to feminity. We will propose a new conception of feminine climax in connection with hallucinations and delirium happening into hysteria. We will debate about position of psycho-clinician, precisely the transference-using face to hysterical subject in state of emergency. Finally, we will propose to think over singularity of subjective structure using the supply concept.     

De l'irruption du trauma à l'intervention psychologique d'urgence

The psychologist is solicited today to intervene in the urgency near people implied in events violent ones or catastrophic. From his clinical experiment in acute medicopsychological trauma center, the author tries to highlight the therapeutic interest which this type of assumption of responsibility represents. After having recalled which are the effects of the trauma in the short run and longer-term, several examples of interventions are reported, so much in event, which in the days which follow. Those allow a first psychotherapeutic action being able in certain cases to continue with a longer-term assumption of responsibility. It is a recent practice for the psychologists, who can find there a field of clinical and theoretical investigation capable to enrich comprehension by the traumatic processes.     

Validation de l'échelle de mémoire transactive en langue française et adaptation au contexte académique

This study presents a validation of a French version of the Transactive Memory Scale (TMS, Lewis 2003) adapted to educational context. The system of transactive memory refers to three distinct components: coordination, credibility and specialization. Studies using this scale confirm the importance of this construct on the group processes and collective performance. The results of this study, among a field sample of 45 learning groups (N = 180), indicated that the French TMS scale adapted in an educational context is internally consistent, and had good convergent, predictive and discriminant validity. These findings provide a valuable instrument that managers can use to better understand and regulate the coordination between members of their work-teams.     

Favoriser les compétences sociales à l'école : un exemple de recherche–action en zone d'éducation prioritaire

Teachers are concerned with young children who present aggressive and disruptive behaviour at school. The teachers' requests concern the promotion of tools useful in the day by day management of these children's' behavioural problems. A behavioral program has been developed over three years with teachers, school psychologists, psychology students, psychiatrists and assistant professor in psychology. The interventions implemented in the classrooms are based on learning theory and proactive classroom management. The stages of the interventions, the philosophy of the project and three examples are presented. The results are discussed: it seems essential to promote the development of programs that seek to link institutions.     

La formation en psychologie : du savoir à la culture

What do we exactly do, when we use academic studies to train a psychologist? This paper explores the idea that, besides transmitting theoretical knowledge and practical skills, we accompany the students through an intense identity reorganisation, a migration crisis which for them is implied by the discovery of the psychological culture. It is based upon the author's practice, as a psychologist and teacher, with mature students, whose experience constitutes a magnifiying glass to understand the process of this reorganization. Along this way, psychological knowledge cannot be envisioned only as an object to be transmitted, but as an object to be constructed: the model of knowledge acquisition is transformed into a model of reinforcement of thought.     

Le passage de haies : de la réalité sportive en heptathlon à la réalité subjective d'Emma

The major dimension of this article is to point out the importance of psychological follow-up with sporting teenagers. Emma's example illustrates the inherent transitions from this period of age in the specific context of the high level sport. For Emma, the passage of hurdle becomes the metaphor of its psychical conflict. The counter performance which appears in the passage of hurdle announces its ambivalence with regard to its personal history within realities of sport cultures. This making sense of the sporting problems within the framework of the psychological follow-up can help to exceed this difficulty of passage and to support its engagement like subject of its own desire on the way of its realization in the sporting act.     

Troubles du comportement et adolescence. Problématiques d'accès aux soins et modalités de réponses nouvelles

The psychopathology of adolescence requires particular adaptation of treatments. This article presents the specific organization of psychiatric treatment for adolescents developed in a mental ward. It works in collaboration with paediatric services, school medicine, community homes for adolescents, parents and attending physicians. Going towards adolescents signalled by those partners, we make easier the access to treatment, the “out of walls reception”. Reciprocal therapeutic commitment, worked with the adolescent, allows him to access to a variety of special cares: consultations, therapeutic groups, hospitalisation, “indirect treatments”. Results from three years allows us to stress the relevance of such a specific organization namely for tricky clinical situations.