Validation de l'adaptation française de l'échelle de dépendance à l'exercice physique : l'EDS-R

The research purpose is to examine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability and factorial validity of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), translate into French language. Three studies, containing 965 persons, are undertaken to accomplish these purpose. Participants have completed the EDS-R. Adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability for the scale are evidenced in the two first studies. Confirmatory analysis (Lisrel) in study 3 supported a correlated seven-factor model, the model fit are acceptable (TLI = 0,93; CFI = 0,94; RMSEA = 0,062; SRMR = 0,06). These studies provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the EDS-R into French. Language. This instrument can be thus used in the clinical and studies framework on the exercise dependence.     

La qualité de vie d'enfants asthmatiques participant à un programme d'éducation à la maladie

Our purpose is here to study the quality of life of asthmatic children involved in a program of education. Regarding this, we used the “OK. ado” of Manificat and Dazord, the Trait-Anxiety inventory for children of Spielberger, the questionnaires of educative diagnostic “Ce que tu sais” and “À toi de jouer” and our observations during the different sessions of the program of education. The analysis of the results we obtained for the questionnaires of educative diagnostic, and for the Trait-Anxiety inventory, combined with our observations confirmed the elements of the literature: asthma badly affects quality of life among children. It also shows the importance not to neglect the experience of asthmatic children in their treatment. Nevertheless, results obtained for the quality of life questionnaire (“OK. ado”) doesn't reveal the same dissatisfaction of children regarding their quality of life. This contradiction leads us to wonder about the influence of a group into the educational program and about the opposition between assessment of the quality of life and experience of the disease.     

Quelques réflexions sur l'évaluation de l'intelligence générale : un retour à Binet ?

At this centennial of the Binet-Simon test (1905), the edition of the WISC-IV (Wechsler, 2005) raises some questions about general intelligence. After outlining the different approaches of its evaluation, especially global versus factorial approaches, and its evolution, the objective is to show how that contributes to understand the changes presented in the WISC-IV. The scale is built on four factorial homogeneous indices corresponding to dimensions which are the most studied today: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, working memory and fast processing abilities. Nevertheless, this multidimensionality is accompanied by certain redundancies and the reduction of some aspects, especially knowledge, visual-spatial intelligence and social intelligence. In conclusion, some fundamental principles are noted, which were defined by Binet, yielding a “flash-back to the source”.     

Différences liées à l'âge lors de la lecture de phrases : étude des processus d'activation et d'inhibition

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a performance decrease related to normal aging can be accounted for by a decrease in activation and inhibition processes. An original categorical decision task was performed by young participants (mean: 21.46 years) and older participants (mean: 66.48 years). The task was to decide whether affirmative or negative sentences including a categorical component were correct or not. A self-space presentation was used in order to measure separate processing times for different parts of the sentence. The results showed a differential processing of the sentence components related to the participant age, which suggests a decrease in activation and inhibition processes with aging.     

Améliorer la communication et gérer l'opposition à l'adolescence par la pratique de la Lutte Éducative

This paper presents and defines concept of “Educational Wrestling” as a particular wrestling's approach based on the self-knowledge, on the body, mental, emotional and relational levels of the person. By direct physical confrontation that it implies, this is an activity with high emotional load, having educational psychoqualities, which we discuss in a clinical approach of management of the affects, identity construction and mode of relation to the other. Our remarks are illustrated by clinical cases of four 12 years aged pupils, presenting difficulties of integration, behaviour and/or expression. The analysis of these young people during a cycle of five meetings of Educational Wrestling (starting from recordings video and of talks) makes it possible to describe qualitatively the changes observed following this workshop.     

Favoriser les compétences sociales à l'école : un exemple de recherche–action en zone d'éducation prioritaire

Teachers are concerned with young children who present aggressive and disruptive behaviour at school. The teachers' requests concern the promotion of tools useful in the day by day management of these children's' behavioural problems. A behavioral program has been developed over three years with teachers, school psychologists, psychology students, psychiatrists and assistant professor in psychology. The interventions implemented in the classrooms are based on learning theory and proactive classroom management. The stages of the interventions, the philosophy of the project and three examples are presented. The results are discussed: it seems essential to promote the development of programs that seek to link institutions.     

Validation de l'échelle de mémoire transactive en langue française et adaptation au contexte académique

This study presents a validation of a French version of the Transactive Memory Scale (TMS, Lewis 2003) adapted to educational context. The system of transactive memory refers to three distinct components: coordination, credibility and specialization. Studies using this scale confirm the importance of this construct on the group processes and collective performance. The results of this study, among a field sample of 45 learning groups (N = 180), indicated that the French TMS scale adapted in an educational context is internally consistent, and had good convergent, predictive and discriminant validity. These findings provide a valuable instrument that managers can use to better understand and regulate the coordination between members of their work-teams.     

Optimisme et pessimisme comparatifs consécutifs à l'exposition à plusieurs messages menaçants

The aim was to investigate whether comparative optimism or CO (i.e. general tendency to believe that negative events are less likely to others than for self) is a compatible clue or not with adoption of preventive behaviours. Sixty-three smokers have read one and five prevention messages followed by recommendations. Presence or non-appearance of pictures (vividness) and positive or negative framing were manipulated. Five illustrated (high vividness) messages and positively framed messages showed CP (health risks were more likely for self than for others), whereas the same messages without pictures (low vividness) generated CO. Presenting five messages strengthened the relationship between CO (or CP), and behavioural intention. Presenting a single message triggered negative affects whereas five messages elicited coping response highly correlated to CO (or CP). It is valuable to present positively framed messages five times to enhance their efficacy. The role of CO within tobacco prevention is discussed.     

Compétences communicatives dans la relation avec l'adulte et aptitude à interagir avec leurs pairs chez des enfants âgés de 20 à 30 mois

These research deals with the existence of a link between level of communication with adults and interactions between peers according to the observation of a group of twelve children. The level of communication with adults is evaluated with the Early Social Communication Evaluation Scale. The children are observed during an object exploration activity which is analysed from the point of view of the interactions between peers. The results show that more thehigher the level obtained by the children got a high level on the ECSP is, the more they set interactions. There is a link between the level obtained on the ECSP and the functions of communication set when peers interact (social interaction and behaviour regulation). The link exists also with the centration of interactions (on action or on object). These differences depend of one's capacity in conceiving someone else's intention.     

La boulimie à l'épreuve du Rorschach : étude des représentations de soi et d'objet dans une analyse multivariée

The aim of this study was to examine self and objet representation disorders defined by bulimic women. 113 bulimics and 115 non-bulimics, aged 18 to 58, both outpatient women, where assessed by the Rorschach test according to the french method. 14 topics were selected from ther international psychopathological literature then translated into 14 Rorschach indices from the analysis of each protocol. Ten of the fourteen selected indices distinguish the two groups in a significant way. A multivariate analysis (AFCM) reveals in the bulimic group five dimensions corresponding to 63% of the inertia. If the first dimension appears to be related to general psychopathology, the four others are more specific to bulimic representation disorders.     

Les directives anticipées et la personne de confiance en gériatrie : de l'émergence de mouvements défensifs à une possibilité d'élaboration psychique sur le vieillissement et la mort proche pour le sujet âgé et sa famille

The object of this study is to identify old people's resistances and their family's, concerning advance directives and the personhood's nomination. Semi-structured interviews were realized by 20 hospital patients and 14 persons living in an old people's home. Families named as “personhood” by their parents were also interviewed. Writing advances directives spark off anguish and defence mechanisms among the elderly people and their families, curbing the law's application. But these protocols seem to be used as a tool of the trade by the psychologist in geriatrics. It allows indeed old people to enter in an grieving process and to prepare themselves for the end-of-life.     

Échelle du fatalisme en santé version française (EFS-VF) : une validation de l’échelle du fatalisme en santé

IntroductionFatalistic beliefs have a deleterious effect on the adoption of healthy behaviours and well-being of individuals. In health domain, there are tools in the literature to measure those beliefs in several cultures, but none are suitable for an African context, precisely in Cameroon.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the French-cultural version of the 20-item health fatalism scale of Shen et al. in a Cameroonian population.MethodIn a sample of 652 participants (331 women and 321 men) aged from 15 to 61 years, this scale was translated, adapted and its psychometric qualities assessed.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that in the Cameroonian context, a four-dimensional model with 18 items was more adjusted. The extracted factors were: luck, ineluctability of disease, pessimism and pre-determination.ConclusionThe health fatalism scale French version can be used effectively to evaluate fatalistic beliefs in the African context precisely in Cameroon, in order to adapt community health interventions aimed at eradicating risky behaviours.     

L'évaluation du burnout de Pines : adaptation et validation en version française de l'instrument Burnout Measure Short version (BMS-10)

The aim of this research present the psychometrics properties of a global measure of burnout. This study concern a framework of Pines and Aronson (1988). The aim of the study consist in testing the structure validity, a confirmatory factorial structure and a reliability of the BMS (“Burnout Measure Short version”). The results show that a confirmatory factor analysis and the temporal stability led to a BMS in French version (participants: N1 = 111; for reliability: N2 = 32). The unidimensional dimension of BMS was correlated with other measures (positively with “emotional exhaustion” [r = 0.53; p < 00] and negatively with “work satisfaction” [r = –0.19; p<0.02]). Practical implications are discussed.     

Études des caractéristiques de l'utilisateur,de la tâche et de l'interface en réalité virtuelle

The increase of virtual reality application and its use into new fields (training, entertainment and health) point up the difficulty for users to be efficient with this new technology. In order to understand these inter-individual differences, we have studied the impact of the task, the interface and the users' characteristics on this performance. For the task, we have focused on manipulation and travel tasks. For the interface, we have studied the impact of the screen size on the performance and finally with regard to the user, we have focused on the impact of working memory and spatial capacities on performance. Our results show a performance gain on large screen whatever the task. They show that the users' spatial capacities predicted the performance, particularly for the tasks realized on a small screen. We conclude that a large screen is a cognitive aid that permits a high level of performance.     

Le clinicien face à la crise hystérique : enjeux théoricocliniques de l'épreuve du féminin

Hysterical crisis shows unexpected hallucinations and delirium happening into hysterical structure. Although subject of many psycho-analytical works, hysterical crisis is always matter of debate. That kind of crisis happens when hysterical women and their lover have fallen out. Analysing the case of madam M., we will propose a reflexion about the real raison of those love-affairs to reconsider hysteria in relation to feminity. We will propose a new conception of feminine climax in connection with hallucinations and delirium happening into hysteria. We will debate about position of psycho-clinician, precisely the transference-using face to hysterical subject in state of emergency. Finally, we will propose to think over singularity of subjective structure using the supply concept.     

Éléments contextuels associés à l'émission de comportements d'agitation verbale présentés par des personnes âgées institutionnalisées atteintes de démence

This research examines the contexts in which verbal agitation (VA) behaviours occur. The study was conducted with 15 participants suffering from dementia who live in an institution and display agitated behaviours. Participants were subject to observation assisted by a hand-held computer. The frequency and duration of agitation episodes were calculated. The time of day, the location, and the activity engaged in, the presence of other persons and use of physical restraint were noted. A total of 180 observation hours were conducted, with each participant being observed for 12 hours, from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. The results show that the participants are verbally agitated 10% of the time. VA is manifested when participants are in their rooms (94%), not engaged in a specific activity (81%), alone (80%) and physically restrained (78%). VA occurs mainly after 2 p.m. (73%). Certain contextual characteristics rather than others are associated with greater VA concentrations.     

Analyse de la dispersion des indices du WISC-IV en utilisant l'écart significatif par rapport à la moyenne des quatre indices

The discontinuation of traditional Verbal and Performance IQs in the WISC-IV and their replacement by four Indices lead to important modifications in practitioners' habits. The scatter analysis of the composite scores should be now considered in another way. In this paper, we advocate the use of the average index score as a baseline to analyze the Index score variability and to identify strengths and weaknesses in the profile of the Index scores. Davis's formula was used to compute reference values that can be used to highlight the Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. The method was used for analyzing the Index score scatter in the standardization sample of the French adaptation of the WISC-IV. A rather important dispersion of the Index scores around the average index score was observed. More than 60% of the standardization sample showed at least one Index scores significantly moving away from the average index score. This variability was unrelated to gender, age and IQ level.     

Échelle de temporalité : validation française d’une version courte de la Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI)

Lewin (1951, p. 75) defined time perspective as the “totality of the individual's view of his psychological future and psychological past existing at a given time”. Indeed, time perspective is considered to guide behaviors and participate in the construction of personal identity. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was constructed by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) to measure the five dimensions of time perspective (Past-Negative, Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic, Present-Fatalistic and Future scales) and contained fifty-six items. The ZTPI was validated in more than twenty countries, as well in France (Apostolidis and Fieulaine, 2004) and a short version (15-25 items) was also studied in numerous cultural settings like in USA, Australia and various European countries. Nevertheless, the short version of the ZTPI has never been validated in French. The aim of this study is to validate a brief French measure of the ZTPI (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999) in order to apply it to adults of all ages. Based on the long ZTPI (fifty-four items) validated by Apostolidis and Fieulaine (2004), we tested a version containing fifteen items, the ZTPI-15, among 466 adults (18-98 years). The exploratory analysis revealed a factorial structure representing five factors comprising three items for each scale. The model was tested through a confirmatory factorial analysis, showing that the ZTPI-15 fit indices were satisfactory (χ²/dl = 2.58, RMSEA =.066, CFI = .90, AGFI =.90, RMSR = .067). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability was verified. Correlations between mean scores of the five factors showed relationships. Present-Fatalistic was related to Past-Negative (r =.23) and to Future (r = −.20), whereas a correlation between Past-Negative and Future (r = −.22) was demonstrated. Moreover, Future related to Past-Positive (r =.12). Age was associated to all scales of the ZTPI-15 and the strongest correlation was to Present-Hedonistic (r = −.31). The comparison between 253 young adults (M = 22.5 years) and 160 older adults (M = 73.3 years) showed that the older were less oriented to Past-Negative and Present-Hedonistic but more to Past-Positive, Present-Fatalistic and Future. Furthermore, educational level was correlated to Fatalistic-Present (r = −.28). The validity of the ZTPI-15 was also confirmed with the scores of anxiety and depression and with the Self-Esteem Scale: individuals with high score of anxiety were oriented to Past-Negative (r = .34) and those with high score of depression were oriented to past-Negative (r = .27) and Fatalistic-Present (r = .27). Finally, individuals with low self-esteem were strongly oriented to Past-Negative (r = −.45) and Present-Fatalistic (r = −.27), and individuals with high self-esteem to Future (r = .28).     

Appropriation de l'espace et satisfaction au travail. Étude auprès du personnel travaillant en institut universitaire de technologie

The present research aims at defining the process of space appropriation developed by the Technical Institute workers and at appraising its impact on the satisfaction at work. 136 workers answered a questionnaire locating (a) spatial appropriation by using two indicators, the appropriation of the IUT and that of the office and (b) job satisfaction by using two indicators, satisfaction at work and satisfaction related to the workspace. The results underline the differentiated impact of space appropriation on the indicators of satisfaction, in particular pointing at the predicting power of the indicators of space appropriation of the office and the "Environmental Stimulation" dimension of the space appropriation scale on the satisfaction related to the workspace.     

Construction et évaluation d'un questionnaire sur l'estime de soi sociale destiné aux jeunes adultes

Despite the great number of researches available on self-esteem, the conceptualization and measurement of this construct present weaknesses, especially when trying to understand the social dimension of self-esteem among young adults. This article works towards the following objectives: a) to present a conceptualization of global self-esteem; b) to create a model of social self-esteem peculiar to young adults by identifying the principal components of this construct and the weaknesses of the questionnaires used in most studies measuring social self-esteem; c) to examine the validity of a new french instrument intended to measure social self-esteem in young adults aged 16-24, Évaluation sociale de Soi chez les jeunes adultes. The theoretical model of social self-esteem in this research is composed of two dimensions: 1-the feeling of self-competence in various social gatherings; 2-the feeling of social acceptance, popularity and interest in social relationships. Each of these two dimensions are respectively composed of four and three scales. Two studies of the statistical validity of this instrument offer support to the use of this scale to measure the aspects involved in the self-valuation of young adults in the social area.