Internet Infidelity

SUMMARY

We used a multi-phase Delphi methodology to identify and explore critical issues, interventions, and gender differences in the treatment of Internet infidelity. We developed three representative vignettes related to Internet infidelity and asked twenty experts in extramarital affairs and/or sex addiction to respond to them, both through ratings and open-ended comments. We found little agreement among the experts. We discuss the unique features of Internet relationships, the areas of agreement and disagreement that we found among the experts, and the implications of our findings and the nature of Internet infidelity for both practice and training in marriage and family therapy.     

Journal File

The Internet can be a problematic place for relationship development. As popular as these approaches are, none apprise the therapist of specific dilemmas critical to the outcome of treatment. The purpose of this paper is to outline the therapeutic dilemmas faced by therapists in treating Internet infidelity. It is the first article of its kind to outline the key dilemmas: (a) seven factors that increase a couple's vulnerability to Internet infidelity, (b) self-of-the-therapist issues, and (c) divisive issues in treatment. A case example demonstrating how to address the dilemmas in a couple experiencing Internet infidelity is included.     

青少年责任心人格、互联网服务偏好与"网络成瘾"的关系

研究发现在对PIU的影响上,责任心人格与互联网社交使用偏好存在显著的交互作用,但与互联网娱乐、信息和交易服务不存在显著的交互作用:(1)从平均影响来看,互联网社交、娱乐和交易使用偏好能够正向预测网络成瘾,责任心人格对网络成瘾有显著的反向预测效果,而互联网信息使用偏好对网络成瘾没有显著的预测效果;(2)在责任心高分组中,互联网社交服务偏好与PIU卷入程度是一种正向的关系,而在责任心低分组中则相反。     

Associations between online friendship and Internet addiction among adolescents and emerging adults

The past decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of youths using the Internet, especially for communicating with peers. Online activity can widen and strengthen the social networks of adolescents and emerging adults (Subrahmanyam & Smahel, 2011), but it also increases the risk of Internet addiction. Using a framework derived from Griffiths (2000a), this study examined associations between online friendship and Internet addiction in a representative sample (n = 394) of Czech youths ages 12-26 years (M = 18.58). Three different approaches to friendship were identified: exclusively offline, face-to-face oriented, Internet oriented, on the basis of the relative percentages of online and offline associates in participants' friendship networks. The rate of Internet addiction did not differ by age or gender but was associated with communication styles, hours spent online, and friendship approaches. The study revealed that effects between Internet addiction and approaches to friendship may be reciprocal: Being oriented toward having more online friends, preferring online communication, and spending more time online were related to increased risk of Internet addiction; on the other hand, there is an alternative causal explanation that Internet addiction and preference for online communication conditions young people's tendency to seek friendship from people met online.     

压力对大学生网络成瘾的影响机制

为考察焦虑、消极应对方式和积极应对方式在压力与网络成瘾关系中的链式中介效应,使用压力量表、焦虑量表、应对方式量表和网络成瘾量对随机抽取的341名大学生表进行调查。研究显示：（1）焦虑中介了压力与大学生网络成瘾之间的的关系;（2）消极应对方式中介了焦虑与大学生网络成瘾之间的关系,而积极应对方式并未中介焦虑与大学生网络成瘾之间的关系。所以,焦虑和消极应对方式在压力与大学生网络成瘾之间起链式中介作用。     

Internet Addiction and Well-Being: Daoist and Stoic Reflections

This article explores the phenomenon of Internet addiction and its possible amelioration, from both Eastern and Western philosophical perspectives. Internet addiction is caused by the excessive use of the Internet and its resulting dependence, having negative effects on human well-being. The ideas of a key ancient Chinese Daoist thinker Zhuangzi 莊子 and his Western contemporaries, the Stoics, as viewed through the world, the things and beings in it, and their relationships, offer insights which may be used to alleviate these effects. The application of and comparison between the two ancient philosophies in addressing the issue of Internet addiction can give us inspiration to confront the challenges of technological enslavement in general and Internet addiction in particular. This is no doubt a help in our pursuit of well-being.     

青少年大五人格对网络成瘾的影响:家庭功能的中介作用

目的:探究家庭功能在人格特征与网络成瘾之间的中介作用。方法:973名中学生被试完成基本人口学问卷、网络成瘾量表、人格五因素问卷、家庭功能评定量表。结果:(1)人格特征可以显著预测网络成瘾。其中,情绪性人格可以显著正向预测网络成瘾,责任心、宜人性显著负向预测网络成瘾。(2)家庭功能在情绪性、责任心对网络成瘾的影响具有部分中介作用、在宜人性对网络成瘾的影响具有完全中介作用。结论:在治疗中,可针对网络成瘾者的家庭功能进行积极干预,从而减轻其成瘾症状。     

父母自主支持、父母心理控制和青少年网络成瘾的关系：一项交叉滞后研究

对1222名青少年进行六个月的追踪测查,以探讨父母自主支持、父母心理控制和青少年网络成瘾之间的相互预测关系。结果表明：（1）前、后测父母自主支持均与网络成瘾呈负相关。（2）前、后测父母心理控制均与网络成瘾呈正相关。（3）前测父母自主支持可以预测后测网络成瘾,前测网络成瘾也可以预测后测父母自主支持。（4）前测父母心理控制可以预测后测网络成瘾,但前测网络成瘾不能显著预测后测父母心理控制。本研究揭示了父母因素与青少年行为之间的相互作用,这对改善青少年网络成瘾有一定的实践意义。     

大学新生网络使用时间与网络成瘾的关系：有中介的调节模型

通过整群取样的方法选取北京市某所高校2250名大一新生为测查对象, 采用问卷方式探讨了大学新生网络使用时间、网络社交使用占网络使用总时间的比重、网络使用的背景性渴求以及网络成瘾程度之间的关系。基于网络使用满足的相关理论以及渴求的条件反射理论, 本研究构建了一个有中介的调节模型, 即网络社交使用比重在网络使用时间与网络成瘾之间起调节作用, 而且这一调节作用通过网络使用的背景性渴求这一中介变量得以实现。结果显示：(1)大学新生每周上网时间为13.58 ± 8.94小时, 网络社交使用占全部上网时间的比重为27.18 ± 18.15%; (2)网络使用时间、网络社交使用比重、网络使用背景性渴求与网络成瘾的五个维度及总分呈显著正相关; (3)网络使用时间以及网络社交使用比重均能够直接正向预测网络成瘾, 同时网络社交比重在网络使用时间预测网络成瘾这一关系中起调节作用, 即相比较少使用网络社交的被试, 较多使用网络社交的群体表现出更高的网络成瘾程度, 且网络使用时间对网络成瘾程度的预测作用相对较低; 而且网络社交比重的调节作用部分通过网络使用的背景性渴求这一中介变量实现。     

科技干扰与青少年网络游戏成瘾：归属需求的中介作用与友谊质量的调节作用

为探讨科技干扰对青少年网络游戏成瘾的影响以及归属需求和友谊质量在二者之间的作用机制,本研究采用科技干扰量表、归属需求量表、友谊质量量表以及网络游戏成瘾量表对3076名初中学生进行调查,探讨归属需求是否在科技干扰和网络游戏成瘾之间起中介作用以及该过程是否受到友谊质量的调节。结果发现：（1）科技干扰正向预测青少年网络游戏成瘾;（2）归属需求在科技干扰和青少年网络成瘾之间起部分中介作用;（3）科技干扰对归属需求的作用以及归属需求对网络游戏成瘾的作用受到了友谊质量的调节。本研究的结果表明科技干扰会通过归属需求来增加网络游戏成瘾的风险,且友谊质量会降低科技干扰对归属需求以及归属需求对网络游戏成瘾的影响。     

神经质人格与大学生网络小说成瘾关系:叙事传输和沉浸感的中介作用

本研究以502名大学生为被试,探讨神经质人格与网络小说成瘾的关系以及叙事传输和沉浸感在其中的序列中介作用。结果发现:(1)网络小说成瘾与神经质人格、叙事传输和沉浸感之间均呈显著正相关;(2)神经质人格不仅可以直接影响网络小说成瘾,还可以通过叙事传输和沉浸感的中介作用对其产生影响,且该中介作用包含了两条路径——沉浸感的单独中介作用以及叙事传输-沉浸感的序列中介作用。这一结论有助于引导大学生健康阅读网络小说,预防成瘾。     

Relationship between Facebook use and problematic Internet use among college students

The popularity of Facebook and other online social-networking sites has led to research on the potential risks of use, including Internet addiction. Previous studies have reported that between 8 percent and 50 percent of college students report problems consistent with Internet addiction. The current study assessed a range of variables related to Facebook use, and sought to determine how the use of Facebook relates to problematic Internet use. Undergraduate participants (N=281, 72 percent women) completed a battery of self-report measures, including the Internet Addiction Test, via an online interface. The results of the current study suggest that a sizable minority of students experience problems related to Internet use and that the use of Facebook may contribute to the severity of symptoms associated with Internet addiction.     

青少年网络成瘾的预防与干预研究

网络成瘾障碍(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)已成为影响青少年身心健康和正常学业表现的重要因素。针对青少年网络成瘾的心理预防与干预研究已开展逾十年,分析与总结显示,已有研究采用个体、团体等不同干预模式,采用认知行为、动机激发等不同咨询与治疗理论,对青少年网络成瘾行为的干预进行了大量探索;其中以团体干预模式及认知行为疗法为主导,并呈现多模式多理论相融合的趋势。借鉴已有研究的成果与不足,我们采用家庭治疗、认知行为、动机激发等多种咨询与治疗理论,结合心理需求网络满足优势等网络成瘾理论,形成了个体-家庭-学校的多水平预防与干预方案,并得到了实证研究的检验。今后的研究应进一步考虑青少年网络成瘾的生理因素,将生物-心理-社会三方面相结合形成系统性的网络成瘾预防与干预模式。     

Emotional Competence as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Negative Emotion in Young Adolescents in Hong Kong

Excessive use of the Internet in adolescents has been consistently found associated with multiple health concerns, especially negative emotions, and adversely affected one’s quality of life. While emotional competence is considered an important protective factor for youth development, its role in the relationship between Internet addiction and negative mental health outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study tested the mediation vs. moderation effects of emotional competence in the relation between Internet addiction and negative emotion in young adolescents based on 404 Hong Kong secondary school students (age = 12.4 ± 0.8 years). The results of structural equation modeling supported the mediation effect of emotional competence, but not its moderation effect. Internet addiction has both a direct influence on adolescents’ negative emotions, and an indirect effect through decreasing emotional competence. In particular, regulation of emotion appeared to be the only emotional competence dimension that mediates the relationship between Internet addiction and negative emotions. The findings suggest the importance of promoting emotional regulation competence to improve the quality of life of adolescents with Internet addiction problems.

     

网络成瘾研究概述

成瘾包括物质成瘾和行为成瘾两类,当前行为成瘾研究的一个重要方面是网络成瘾研究。文章在介绍成瘾研究发展的基础上．讨论了网络成瘾界定的主要指标和方法．同时对当前网络成瘾研究的主要发现进行了总结。     

Patterns of choices on video game genres and Internet addiction

In this study, we attempt to identify motives pivotal in choices made regarding online and offline game genres and assess whether they are meaningful predictors of Internet addiction. A separate goal was to determine how an assessment of Internet-related cognitions compares to criteria-based research instruments on Internet addiction, and demonstrate its clinical usefulness. We are using data from a cross-sectional study of the entire adolescent student population aged 12-18 of the island of Kos. Results indicate that specific game genres and motives for choosing a game are important predictors of Internet addiction, even after accounting for sociodemographic and Internet-use-related variables. Gender differences are not statistically important when we account for genre choices and motives for choosing them. Boys' thought content tends to revolve more around their Internet use compared to girls. Several patterns of motives to play specific genres were identified with the help of a canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating the fact that the simple observation of overt behavior is not enough to deduce the meaning of these actions for the individual. Using multiple measures of online addiction, examining genre preferences and underlying motives for choosing a game can be helpful in reaching a better understanding of the individual game player.     

Internet addiction,adolescent depression,and the mediating role of life events: Finding from a sample of Chinese adolescents

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of life events in the relation between Internet addiction and depression using an adolescent sample in China. A total of 3507 urban adolescent students were asked to complete the questionnaires including Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Adolescent Self‐Rating Life Events Checklist, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales, and demographic characteristics. Path analyses demonstrated that life events fully mediated the relationship between Internet addiction and adolescent depression. Specificity for the mediating role of life events was demonstrated in comparison to alternative competing mediation models. The findings support our hypothesis that the effect of Internet addiction on adolescent depression is mediated by the life events. Further research is required to test the temporal relationship between Internet addiction and adolescent depression and explore mechanisms underlying the pathways leading to adolescent depression.     

Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications.

Research over the last decade has identified Internet addiction as a new and often unrecognized clinical disorder that impact a user's ability to control online use to the extent that it can cause relational, occupational, and social problems. While much of the literature explores the psychological and social factors underlying Internet addiction, little if any empirical evidence exists that examines specific treatment outcomes to deal with this new client population. Researchers have suggested using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the treatment of choice for Internet addiction, and addiction recovery in general has utilized CBT as part of treatment planning. To investigate the efficacy of using CBT with Internet addicts, this study investigated 114 clients who suffered from Internet addiction and received CBT at the Center for Online Addiction. This study employed a survey research design, and outcome variables such as client motivation, online time management, improved social relationships, improved sexual functioning, engagement in offline activities, and ability to abstain from problematic applications were evaluated on the 3rd, 8th, and 12th sessions and over a 6-month follow-up. Results suggested that Caucasian, middle-aged males with at least a 4-year degree were most likely to suffer from some form of Internet addiction. Preliminary analyses indicated that most clients were able to manage their presenting complaints by the eighth session, and symptom management was sustained upon a 6-month follow-up. As the field of Internet addiction continues to grow, such outcome data will be useful in treatment planning with evidenced-based protocols unique to this emergent client population.     

Sexual Addiction and the Internet: Implications for Gay Men

The authors present an overview of sexual addiction and explore the relationship between Internet use and sexual compulsivity. The role of Internet use in gay men's sexual behavior is described. Implications for the counseling profession are discussed, and a clinical case study is presented.     

童年期虐待对网络成瘾的影响:有调节的中介效应

本研究基于有限自制力理论考察童年期虐待对网络成瘾的影响及其作用机制。以1162名大学生为被试,采用童年期虐待量表、自我控制量表、感恩量表和网络成瘾量表进行测试,结果发现：（1）童年期虐待和自我控制、感恩呈显著负相关,与网络成瘾成显著正相关;自我控制与感恩呈显著正相关,与网络成瘾呈显著负相关;感恩与网络成瘾呈显著负相关。（2）自我控制在童年期虐待和网络成瘾之间起中介作用。（3）“童年期虐待→自我控制→网络成瘾”这一中介路径的前半段受到感恩的调节;与高感恩个体相比,童年期虐待对低感恩个体的自我控制的影响更小。感恩不仅不能缓冲童年期虐待对自我控制的负面影响,反而会增强这一过程,提示我们注意积极特质在特定情境下的消极作用。