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Stig Børsen Hansen 《European Journal of Philosophy》2012,20(2):223-242
Abstract: This paper explores the relevance of themes from Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus to the ongoing discussion of metaphysical nihilism. I set out by showing how metaphysical nihilism is of paramount importance for cosmological arguments. Metaphysical nihilism is the position that there might have been nothing. Two conflicting intuitions emerge from a survey of discussions of metaphysical nihilism: Firstly, that metaphysical nihilism is true, and secondly, that formulations of the position are somehow unclear or nonsensical. By considering formalizations of philosophical language, the second intuition is sharpened, while the first intuition is given expression through the Tractarian distinction between what is said and what is shown by our symbolism. I conclude by exploring and rejecting objections to making metaphysical nihilism a scientific, rather than a philosophical question. 相似文献
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Mauricio Suárez 《Erkenntnis》2004,61(1):1-16
Peter Milne and Neal Grossman have argued against Popper's propensity interpretation of quantum mechanics, by appeal to the two-slit experiment and to the distinction between mixtures and superpositions, respectively. In this paper I show that a different propensity interpretation successfully meets their objections. According to this interpretation, the possession of a quantum propensity by a quantum system is independent of the experimental set-ups designed to test it, even though its manifestations are not. 相似文献
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Two studies investigated whether undergraduatesenrolled in sport management classes at a midwesternuniversity supported or resisted nonsexist language.Resistive statements were classified using arguments identified by Blaubergs (1980). In Study 1, 82primarily Caucasian students reacted to a videotapeabout language. Half (48%) supported nonsexist language;32% were ambivalent; 21% were opposed to nonsexist language. The negative comments fit 7 ofBlaubergs' 8 categories after 2 were modified; 2additional categories (Sexism is Acceptable andHostility toward Proponents of Change) emerged. In Study2, 164 primarily Caucasian undergraduates speculatedon why others resisted nonsexist language. Theircomments led to the addition of 2 more new categories:Tradition and Lack of Understanding. The finalmodification of Blaubergs' classic arguments contains 12categories that should be useful in studying resistanceto nonsexist language. 相似文献
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In this paper we aim to show an intrinsic contradiction of contemporary Metaphysical Realism by focusing on the relation between the subject and the object. Metaphysical Realism considers facts and objects as being empirical, and therefore they are considered in relation to the subject, while at the same time facts are assumed to belong to an autonomous and independent reality. However, if a real object is considered to be independent from the subject, once it enters in a relation with the latter, a real object must undergo an intrinsic transformation. However, since an object cannot avoid this transformation then recovering the real or “absolute” object from the perceived object is not possible. In this way, the inherent contradiction of the “absolute” as being determined, i.e., defined by virtue of a limit, is revealed. 相似文献
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In this paper I argue against the received view that the anti-nativist arguments of Book I of Locke's Essay conclusively challenge nativism. I begin by reconstructing the chief argument of Book I and its corollary arguments. I call attention to their dependence on (what I label) "the Awareness Principle", viz. , the view that there are no ideas in the mind of which the mind either isn't currently aware or hasn't been aware in the past. I then argue that the arguments' dependence on this principle is question begging on two counts. Unless this principle is defended, Locke's arguments beg the question against Descartes and Leibniz because their nativism implies the denial of the Awareness Principle. And even when Locke defended the principle, his arguments remain question begging because they presuppose the empiricism they aim to prove. The disclosure of the question-begging status of these arguments debunks a seemingly powerful way of attacking nativism. 相似文献
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本文针对抽象论证体系中的论据状态给出了一种基于标记的定义方法。与基于扩张的传统方法相比,此定义能够更加细致准确地描述论据状态。同时,本文对论据状态的等级进行了定义和区分,并把该等级作为接受或驳斥论据的依据。由于该方法基于标准论证体系定义,在实现上使用了已有的基于论证的证明方法,因此,该定义与以往的抽象论证体系是完全兼容的。 相似文献
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Jaegwon Kim 《Philosophical explorations》2013,16(1):2-20
Abstract Action explanations that cite dynamic beliefs and desires cannot be modelled as causal explanations. The contents of dynamic psychological states cannot be treated as the causal antecendents to behaviour. Behavioural patterns cannot be explained in virtue of the patterns of operations performed upon the intentional antecedents to behaviour. Dynamic intentional states are persisting regulatory devices for behaviour that provide couplings with the environment. Behavioural patterns emerge from choice couplings rather than being produced by patterns for operating upon intentional antecendents to behaviour in cognition. 相似文献
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In a previous study which analyzed the content of a sample of 1972 primetime television programming, Manes and Melnyk (1974) concluded that television portrayed employment and marriage as incompatible life-styles for women. The present study applied the same content analysis procedures to a sample of 1978 prime-time television programming. Results indicated that female characters employed outside the home were significantly less likely to be married than were employed male characters ( p <.001), a finding which replicated the result obtained previously. In contrast to the 1972 results, however, analyses of the 1978 data revealed that employed married women were not significantly less likely than either their male counterparts or unemployed housewives to be depicted as successfully married. 相似文献
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Philosophical Studies - 相似文献
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J. L. Dowell 《Philosophical Studies》2006,131(1):25-60
Intuitively, physicalism is the thesis that there’s nothing ‘over and above’ the physical. Going beyond this intuitive formulation
requires an account of what it is for a property, kind, relation, or object to be a physical one. Here I defend an unfamiliar
implementation of the familiar strategy of defining physical properties, etc. as those posited by the complete and ideal physical
theory. That implementation ties being a physical theory to being a theory with the hallmarks of scientific theories and then
identifies physical theories among the scientific ones by their characteristic subject matter, roughly, the world’s relatively
fundamental elements. I then argue that, fully fleshed out, such an account is able to satisfy an array of constraints on
any account of the physical, as well as avoid a number of prima facie objections, without imposing Wilson’s No Fundamental
Mentality Constraint. 相似文献
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Liviu Andreescu 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(6):499-515
The article distinguishes between the various arguments traditionally offered as justifications for the principle of academic
freedom. Four main arguments are identified, three consequentialist in nature (the argument from truth, the democratic argument,
the argument from autonomy), and one nonconsequentialist (a variant of the autonomy argument). The article also concentrates
on the specific form these arguments must take in order to establish academic freedom as a principle distinct from the more
general principles of freedom of expression and intellectual freedom. 相似文献
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Zhenhua Yu 《Dao》2012,11(1):83-100
From the perspective of world philosophy, one phenomenon of the 20th century is quite intriguing. Certain philosophers in
China as well as in the West, finding the traditional conception of epistemology too narrow-minded, argued that its scope
should be expanded. The Chinese way of expanding epistemology might be called the metaphysical approach, and the Western way
the practical approach. In this article, I will first give an outline of both approaches and then try to demonstrate that
a substantial dialogue can be created between them. By focusing on the problem of the articulation of what we know, I will
make the metaphysical approach and the practical approach engage each other and thus prove to be mutually complementary. 相似文献