程颐易学中的历史哲学思想探析

本文对北宋大儒程颐易学中的历史哲学思想进行了初步探讨.程颐最重要的著作是其<易传>一书.通过阐发<周易>的思想,程颐对社会历史发展动力、历史价值和评判标准、历史本体与历史现象等历史哲学问题进行了深入思考.程颐的历史哲学是其整个易学思想体系重要的、有机的组成部分,是他以自己易学观为指导对社会历史问题进行考察的理论结晶.     

陆贾《新语》思想新探

陆贾是西汉初年著名的思想家,其思想内容主要保留在《新语》一书中。本文首先对陆贾思想中的历史思想、天人思想和政治思想这三个方面作梳理与再现,并就此探讨陆贾思想的历史价值乃在于他能结合汉初的历史背景,对汉以前的历史传承既能有所继承、批判与发展,又能根据具体的形势权衡选择。其次,以上三个方面又是彼此联系的,共同构成陆贾思想这一整体,而这一整体又具有以史为鉴和立足时代这两大特点。     

劳动道德价值赋义生发历史的伦理逻辑

在人类历史上劳动本无所谓高低贵贱。从阶级社会、马克思恩格斯时代、中国革命与建设时代再到中国特色社会主义新时代,劳动的道德价值赋义经历了一个从生存伦理缘生、实践伦理转生、人本伦理新生再到幸福伦理强生的过程。劳动道德价值赋义反映着社会的阶级状况,体现着社会的主流立场,呼应着社会的时代要求。其漫长的生发历史深刻反映出人民群众从受剥削压榨到顽强斗争、翻身做主再到追求幸福的内在逻辑。     

汉代象数易学的理论价值与历史地位

易学发展史上的汉代象数易学,就其理论形态、思维方式、思想特征而言,具有鲜明、典型的时代性与范导性.作为汉代经学核心的有机组成部分的汉代象数易学,对汉代哲学与文化、社会与政治等方面,都产生了广泛与深远的影响.然而,长期以来,人们对汉代象数易学在易学与哲学史上的理论价值与历史地位的认识,或者未能引起足够的重视,或者缺乏客观公允的评判.本文从"立足《周易》象数系统,确立天人之学新形态"、"深化儒家社会政治思想,强化政治指导功能"、"深化整体性和谐理念,凸显和谐价值理想终极诉求"等方面,深入地分析并揭示了汉代象数易学的理论价值与历史地位.     

“天人合一”的历史解读及其现代价值

“天人合一”是中国传统文化中关于世界观的一个基本假定，其主要观点是“天地人宇宙万物乃以息息相通的有机整体”。在不同的社会历史发展时期，“天人合一”表现出不同的历史形态。对这些不同的历史形态做多维解读，并在此基础上结合现代科学和技术语境对此进行创造性转化，不仅可能使我们认识中国传统智慧的时代特征，而且还可以使我们发现中国传统智慧的现代价值、确立当代社会文明进步的战略基点。     

美术教育价值取向的历史变迁与现实观照

随着我国教育水平的不断提高,教育类型也随之增多,其中美术教育的发展也得到了越来越多的关注,人们对美术教育价值取向(即不同主体基于自己对美术教育在现实意义、未来发展等方面的认知,而产生的对美术教育的基本价值立场、价值态度等)也在不断的变化,那么,美术教育价值取向在时间的推移中都发生了怎样的变动和迁移,美术教育在当下的现状如何与发展情况又如何呢?本文将就此进行题为"试析美术教育价值取向的历史变迁与现实观照"的探究。     

马克思历史分期理论的价值向度

马克思的历史分期理论是学术界长期争论的一个重要理论问题。本文作者认为,马克思在不同的场合对人类历史有着多种不同的分期,这些分期不是相互排斥、相互替代的,而是并行不悖、相互补充的。本文从客观角度和主体角度分别考察了马克思的历史分期理论．并进一步认为马克思的历史分期思想蕴含着价值向度。一方面,历史的发展是人类价值逐步提升和实现的过程,是个人的发展过程;另一方面,马克思也用个人的发展为尺度对历史进行评价。个人的发展、人类价值的实现是以客观的物质生产的发展为前提和基础的。     

一带一路:慈悲与智慧之路北大核心CSSCISSCI

2018年是“一带一路“倡议提出5N年。历史上的“一带一路”,不仅是经贸之路．也是文化之路、信仰之路。历史上的“一带一路”．曾经促进了宗教文化的交流。新时代的“一带一路”建设,宗教依然可以发挥积极作用。本期专题特别刊载相关文章,重点阐述如何发挥宗教在推动“一带一路”建设中的积极作用,体现宗教文化在“民心相通”上的现代价值。     

佛教对人类和平的作用——韩国佛教代表团基调发言

尊敬的韩中日三国佛教领袖,在座的各位高僧大德和四部大众：今天,第五次韩中日佛教友好交流大会的学术讲演会,能够如法顺利地召开,我感到十分高兴。我们进入了２１世纪充满希望的时代。回顾上一世纪充满战争和摩擦的时代,经过了两次世界大战,又经历了冷战时代的痛苦。现在虽然战争结束了,可是经济竞争的火种又开始燃烧,形成了新的对立和矛盾。如此的对立,其背后有“弱肉强食”理论的潜在,可以说是金钱代替了刀枪。这种形式的力量对立,无休无止,至今仍是支配人类价值的标准。人们曾预测这个时代是协作和文化融合的时代,对美国的…     

民众生活方式变迁与园林价值调适:基于新中国成立以来的一种历史比较分析

民众生活方式成为近年来各领域的讨论热点。民众生活方式的变迁为园林价值属性的丰富完善提供了客观条件,并回应了现实要求。本文从民众日常生活出发,将新中国成立至今我国现代园林发展分为四个阶段,厘清民众生活需求和园林建设的相互促进关系,总结园林在民众不同生活领域中的角色定位与功能特征,分析园林功能拓展与价值生成的规律特征,并对园林的未来发展模式进行讨论。     

Nostalgia for Communist Times and Autobiographical Memory: Negative Present or Positive Past?

Twenty‐five years after the fall of communism in Poland, a considerable number of citizens manifest nostalgia for the communist times. In this article, we approach this phenomenon within the framework of autobiographical memory and decide between two sets of hypotheses, one predicting that postcommunist nostalgia is experienced mostly by people who are dissatisfied with the present time (transformation “losers”) and the other predicting that it is the memory of the happy and most recollected past, and memories of particular decades of communism, that mostly trigger nostalgia. The study, carried out on a representative sample of Poles who remembered communism, provided stronger confirmation of the “negative present” hypothesis, but the positive past is also shown to matter. The decade of communism whose memory turned out to predict nostalgia the best was the 1980s and not, as predicted, the 1970s.     

Childhood brand nostalgia: A new conceptualization and scale development

This research seeks to expand the current understanding of nostalgia towards childhood as it relates to consumer brand relationships and provide a framework for better understanding the phenomenon as it appears in both academic and real‐world settings. In this paper, the authors use existing literature on nostalgia and consumer interviews to define childhood brand nostalgia as a positively valenced emotional attachment to a brand because of the brand's association with fond memories of the individual's non‐recent lived past. A scale to measure an individual's childhood brand nostalgia is developed and tested to ensure convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The scale is found to capture individual differences in nostalgic feelings towards a single brand, and individuals are found to have varying levels of nostalgic feelings for multiple brands across multiple product categories. This demonstrates the usefulness of this scale in determining a consumer's nostalgia towards a particular brand from their childhood. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Varieties of contrast: a review of incentive relativity by charles f. Flaherty

The phenomenon of contrast has been studied from two quite separate perspectives, one derived from the classic studies of incentive contrast such as Crespi (1942) and the other from the study of behavioral contrast within behavior analysis. This book reviews both of these types of contrast effects and finds both differences and similarities between them. Still at issue is the validity of the interpretation of contrast that assumes that the value of some target level of reward is modified in inverse relation to the level of reward from other sources in the same context. This concept works well for the classic studies of incentive contrast, but is challenged by the emerging importance of anticipatory contrast and the finding in both of the separate research traditions that anticipatory contrast is inversely related to other measures of reinforcement value.     

Reconnecting with the past in social media: The moderating role of social influence in nostalgia marketing on Pinterest

Nostalgia marketing practices in social media help brands link consumers with happier times from the past. A randomized 2 (evoked nostalgia: high vs. low) × 2 (social influence: high vs. low) between‐subjects factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nostalgia and social influence on consumers' judgments in the brand management context of Pinterest boards. The results revealed the strong main effect of evoked nostalgia on consumers' attitudes toward the Pinterest board and the brand, purchase intention, willingness to pass along branded pins, and brand–consumer relationship quality. Furthermore, this study discovered the significant moderating role of social influence for all dependent measures. Strongly (vs. weakly) evoked nostalgia generated more favorable responses only when social influence was high. In contrast, there were no significant differences between strongly and weakly evoked nostalgia when social influence was low. Theoretical contributions to the nostalgia literature and managerial implications for social media marketing are discussed.     

The State,Not the Trait,of Nostalgia Increases Creativity

Nostalgic experience evokes emotions and activates the cognitive process of recalling and reconstructing information in memory. This study investigated the effects of nostalgia on creativity using experiments and questionnaires. Two-hundred-and-eighty university students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, in which participants received and completed different writing tasks (nostalgic experience vs. common life experience). They also responded to questionnaires measuring personality, nostalgia proneness, and creativity. Results showed that participants who were primed with nostalgic experience demonstrated higher creativity than the control group. In both groups, women demonstrated higher creativity than men. When specific aspects of the nostalgic experience were used to predict creativity, results showed that: (a) nostalgia triggered by social interaction and negative affect was positively related to creativity; (b) nostalgic experience containing tangibles positively predicted creativity; (c) the total number of triggers and the amount of, but not the positivity or salience of self in, nostalgia narrative contributed positively to creativity; and (d) higher agreeableness and openness, but not nostalgia proneness or other personality traits, were associated with higher creativity. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.     

Nostalgia counteracts self‐discontinuity and restores self‐continuity

Nostalgia is a resource that functions, in part, as a response to self‐discontinuity and a source of self‐continuity. We tested and supported this regulatory role of nostalgia in the tradition of establishing a causal chain. In Study 1, we examined the naturalistic association between events precipitating self‐discontinuity and nostalgia. Self‐discontinuity, especially when stemming from negative life events, was associated with higher proneness to nostalgia. In Study 2, we experimentally induced negative self‐discontinuity (i.e. relatively disruptive), positive self‐discontinuity (i.e. relatively non‐disruptive) or self‐continuity (i.e. neutral non‐disruptiveness) and subsequently assessed state levels of nostalgia. Only negative self‐discontinuity evoked heightened nostalgia. In Study 3, we experimentally induced nostalgia (versus ordinary autobiographical recollection) and assessed self‐continuity. Nostalgia augmented self‐continuity. In Study 4, we experimentally induced nostalgia (versus ordinary autobiographical recollection versus positive autobiographical recollection) and assessed self‐continuity. Again, nostalgia augmented self‐continuity and did so above and beyond positive affect. Here, we ruled out demand characteristics as a rival hypothesis. Taken together, the findings clarify the role of nostalgia in the dynamic between self‐discontinuity and self‐continuity and elucidate the restorative properties of nostalgia for the self‐system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Individual differences in nostalgia proneness: The integrating role of the need to belong

Who is the nostalgia-prone person? The ‘sociality view’ sees an individual who frequently recalls meaningful memories rich in social content. The ‘maladaptation view’ sees an emotionally unstable, neurotic individual. In four studies, we integrated these contrasting views. We hypothesized that the link between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness arises because (a) neuroticism is associated with the need to belong and (b) the need to belong triggers nostalgia, with its abundant social content. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1–2 found that the correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness was eliminated when controlling for the need to belong. The need to belong predicted increased nostalgia proneness, above and beyond neuroticism. Specifically, Study 2 revealed that a deficit-reduction (rather than growth) belongingness orientation predicted increased nostalgia proneness. When the role of this deficit-reduction belongingness orientation was controlled, the positive correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia disappeared. Studies 3–4 showed that experimental inductions of a belongingness deficit augmented nostalgia, providing support for its compensatory role.     

Nostalgia in response to group‐based exclusion: The role of attachment‐related avoidance

We proposed that nostalgia, by virtue of its sociality, can be an indirect strategy to counteract relational deficiencies stemming from group‐based exclusion. We instructed Greek participants to recall an event in which they experienced exclusion on the basis of their nationality versus a control event. We anticipated that participants would react to group‐based exclusion with increased nostalgia. Specifically, because low attachment‐related avoidance facilitates proximity‐seeking in response to distress, we hypothesized that group‐based exclusion would increase nostalgia (a form of proximity‐seeking) more strongly when avoidance is low. Results supported this moderation hypothesis. In turn, increased nostalgia in response to group‐based exclusion predicted stronger ingroup identification. For low‐avoidants, then, group‐based exclusion fortified ingroup identification via increased nostalgia (moderated mediation).     

The past makes the present meaningful: nostalgia as an existential resource

The present research tested the proposition that nostalgia serves an existential function by bolstering a sense of meaning in life. Study 1 found that nostalgia was positively associated with a sense of meaning in life. Study 2 experimentally demonstrated that nostalgia increases a sense of meaning in life. In both studies, the link between nostalgia and increased meaning in life was mediated by feelings of social connectedness. Study 3 evidenced that threatened meaning increases nostalgia. Study 4 illustrated that nostalgia, in turn, reduces defensiveness following a meaning threat. Finally, Studies 5 and 6 showed that nostalgia disrupts the link between meaning deficits and compromised psychological well-being. Collectively, these findings indicate that the provision of existential meaning is a pivotal function of nostalgia.     

Nostalgia and lost identity

Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is a major social phenomenon in Russia today due to the irrevocable losses of the recent past in which Soviet citizens involuntarily became immigrants in their own country. With reference to discussions of nostalgia in philosophical and psychoanalytic literature, I suggest that nostalgia may represent either a defensive regression to the past or a progressive striving for wholeness through re‐connecting with what has been lost in the service of a greater integration. I compare this with the processes of adaptation seen in immigrants and provide a clinical illustration of a young man coming to terms with loss and change in the post‐Soviet era. When nostalgia is recognized as a legitimate emotional experience it may facilitate mourning and enable the integration of the past with the present and the development of a new identity.