大学生自我和谐与人际交往的相关研究

为了探讨大学生人际交往与自我和谐的现状及其关系,本文采用问卷调查法对150名在校大学生的人际关系状况及自我和谐状况进行研究。结果发现:大学生的自我和谐与人际交往都处于良好状况;大学生的待人接物困扰程度存在性别差异;自我和谐与人际交往存在显著相关;且自我与经验的不和谐对人际交往困扰有显著的正向预测作用。因此,提高个体的自我和谐程度,是培养良好的人际交往能力的有效途径。     

高中生自我和谐与心理健康的相关研究

目的:了解高中生自我和谐总体状况、心理健康状况及其关系。方法:采用《自我和谐量表》(SCCS)和《中学生心理健康问卷》对湖南、贵州四所中学的高中生进行测量。结果:高中生自我和谐情况不太理想;高中生在不和谐因子得分与大学生常模并无显著差异,在灵活性上差异非常显著(p<0.001),在刻板性上差异显著(p<0.05);高中生自我与经验的不和谐、刻板性、自我和谐总分均与心理健康各因子呈显著正相关;自我的灵活性与心理健康总分、偏执、敌对、适应不良等呈正相关。结论:高中生自我和谐与心理健康存在显著的相关性,自我和谐对心理健康具有一定的预测作用,培养高中生的自我和谐性有助于提高其心理健康水平。     

工科院校大学生人格和人际交往特点与网络成瘾的关系研究

采用中国大学生人格量表(CCSPS)、自编的大学生人际交往能力量表和Young的网络成瘾量表,研究工科院校大学生人格、人际交往特点与网络成瘾倾向的关系.发现:大学生人际交往能力的高低对其网络成瘾倾向有预测作用;大学生人格特质大中的活跃、坚韧、严谨、利他、重情维度与网络成瘾倾向呈显著相关,其中,人格的活跃、坚韧、严谨、重情维度有预测作用.     

大学生自我效能感、创业能力及其相关性研究

以合肥市3所高校的300名大学生为研究对象,探讨其自我效能感与创业能力及其关系,结果表明:(1)大学生自我效能感在性别上存在显著差异,男生的自我效能感要显著高于女生;(2)大学生的创业能力在年级上无显著差异,但人际交往分维度上,年级的主效应显著,(3)大学生的创业能力在性别上存在显著差异,男生的创业能力显著高于女性;(4)自我效能感对创业能力具有正向预测力。     

大学生乐观、自我和谐与心理控制源的相关研究

目的:探讨大学生的乐观人格、自我和谐与心理控制源的关系。方法:采用生活取向量表修订版(LOT-R)、自我和谐问卷和心理控制源量表对286名大学生进行调查。结果:大学生的乐观人格与自我和谐之间存在显著的正相关;大学生的乐观人格和自我和谐与心理控制源各因子之间呈显著相关;内控性和机遇对乐观具有预测作用,内控性、有势力的他人和机遇对自我和谐有预测作用。结论:大学生的心理控制源能显著地预测乐观和自我和谐。     

大学生自我构念与主观幸福感的关系:自尊与关系和谐的中介效应

为了分析文化融合、社会变迁背景下大学生自我观的特点,及自我构念与自尊、关系和谐、主观幸福感之间的关系,采用了自我构念量表、自尊量表、关系和谐量表及主观幸福感量表对446名大学生进行调查.结果显示:(1)文化融合、社会变迁背景下,代表集体主义文化价值观的互依我在大学生自我观中仍占优势.大学生自我观可分为二元型、独立型、互依型和边缘型.本研究中,四种类型所占比例分别为32.5%、18.6%、18.0%、30.9%.(2)自我构念与主观幸福感显著正相关;不同自我观类型大学生在主观幸福感上差异显著,二元型个体主观幸福感水平最高,边缘型最低,独立型、互依型处于中间水平.(3)自尊在独立我与主观幸福感间起到完全中介作用;互依我一方面通过关系和谐间接影响主观幸福感,另一方面,通过关系和谐对自尊的促进作用影响主观幸福感.     

中国大学生特质自尊的结构维度探索

国外研究对Tafarodi和Swann(1995)基于特质自尊二维模型编制的"自我喜爱感/自我能力感量表"(SLCS)的结构维度尚存疑义。本研究以中国文化背景中的两组大学生为被试,分别采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法,考察了该量表的内部结构。结果发现:(1)删除原量表4个项目后由16个项目构成的"自我喜爱感/自我能力感量表"由自我能力感和自我喜爱感两个维度构成,且相对于自我喜爱感、自我能力感对中国大学生特质自尊结构具有更强的解释力;(2)中国大学生群体应用该量表具有较理想的项目区分度、内部一致性信度、构想效度和区分效度;(3)男女大学生的自尊体验在总体上无显著差异,但文科类男生的自我能力感显著高于女生,而工科类女生的自我能力感显著高于男生。     

大学生的理想-现实自我差异及其与抑郁的关系

采用自编的“大学生理想-现实自我差异问卷”和流调中心用抑郁量表,考查了447名1-4年级大学生的理想-现实自我概念差异状况及其与抑郁的关系。结果表明：大学生被试的理想自我概念与现实自我概念存在一定程度的差异;大学生被试的理想-现实自我概念差异在学业、情绪和总分上存在显著的年级差异;家庭经济状况差的大学生被试的理想—现实自我概念差异显著大于家庭经济状况好的被试;大学生的理想-现实自我概念差异与抑郁具有显著的正相关,情绪、人际、家庭自我差异等对抑郁的影响作用较大。     

小组辅导提高大学生人际交往水平的实验研究

人际交往问题是大学生存在的主要心理问题之一。本研究通过系统的小组辅导活动．探讨提高大学生人际交往水平的方法。研究结果显示．症状自评量表、人际关系诊断量表前测后测比较,多项指标差异呈显著或极显著水平,并发现人格的一些因素与人际关系困扰程度有显著或极显著相关。表明小组辅导对提高大学生人际交往水平是有成效的。小组辅导的策略和方法．值得进一步探讨和研究。     

大学生手机成瘾与孤独感和自我和谐的关系

立足于探讨大学生的手机成瘾与孤独感和自我和谐之间的关系,探索了并验证了自我和谐在手机成瘾和孤独感的中介作用,为对手机成瘾大学生进行有效的心理干预提供了研究性的支持。采用手机成瘾问卷、UCLA孤独量表和自我和谐问卷,通过相关分析和路径分析,得出结论：手机成瘾与孤独程度呈正相关;自我和谐程度与手机成瘾呈负相关;自我和谐程度直接影响手机成瘾。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·人际素质的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·人际素质分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区的44063名青少年人际心理健康素质发展状况进行调查。结果表明：（1）我国青少年人际素质处于较好的发展水平;（2）青少年在整体人际素质及人际交往、人际调控、人际知觉等各维度上的年级变化呈现一定差异,整体人际素质与人际交往、人际调控维度得分随年级增长呈现下降趋势,人际知觉维度得分随年级的增长呈逐渐上升趋势。     

Attitude change in face‐to‐face and computer‐mediated communication: private self‐awareness as mediator and moderator

Two types of social influence can be distinguished: norm‐based influence occurs when social identity is salient and interpersonal influence occurs when personal identity is salient. In two experiments the impact of trait and state private self‐awareness on interpersonal influence during face‐to‐face and computer‐mediated communication (CMC) was investigated. It is argued that interpersonal influence resulting from face‐to‐face communication is stronger than interpersonal influence resulting from CMC because CMC heightens state private self‐awareness. As a result, it leads to a focus on personal perceptions and thoughts which in turn reduces attitude change. Experiment 1 suggests that communication media may influence attitude change via private self‐awareness. Experiment 2 showed that trait private self‐awareness moderates the effect of communication media on interpersonal influence. Interpersonal influence was stronger in face‐to‐face communication than in CMC only for individuals higher in private self‐awareness. This finding indicates that the impact of situational variations of a concept can be limited to individuals who have a more elevated sense of private self‐awareness. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationships among self‐construal,gender, social dominance orientation,and interpersonal distance

The present research focuses on the cognitive embodiment of physical proximity, through interpersonal distance’s relationship with self‐construal, gender, and social dominance orientation. Previous work showed that more independent self‐construal was associated with higher distancing preferences of participants, and that females tend to have higher interdependent self‐construal that lead them to prefer less interpersonal distance. We expected to replicate these findings. However, due to the relationship between power and interpersonal distance, it was argued that gender and perceptions regarding the social hierarchy would also play a role in predicting interpersonal distance. More specifically, it was predicted that while females who accept social hierarchies between males and females would prefer more distance when interacting with males, males would not differ in their preference for social distance. One hundred participants (67 female) completed the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale, Independent and Interdependent Self‐Construal Scales and the Social Dominance Orientation Scale. Interdependent self‐construal was negatively correlated with overall preferred interpersonal distance. Moreover, females high on social dominance orientation preferred larger interpersonal distance from male adult strangers than from female adult strangers. The findings provide further support for the embodiment of self‐construal by showing that psychological closeness and heteronomy are related to physical closeness. The findings also highlight the importance of investigating communal sharing and authority ranking dimensions simultaneously when focusing on interpersonal distance as well as differentiating females’ interpersonal sensitivity due to low power with their high affiliation.     

自我宽恕的概念、测量及其与其他心理变量的关系

自我宽恕是指当自己是侵犯者时,发生于自己内部的,对待自己的动机由报复转向善待的变化。自我宽恕的概念在其对象、过程、实质和价值方面都存在着争议,即自己与他人、给予与寻求、特质与情境、积极与消极的争论。自我宽恕与人际宽恕在其对象、影响因素与后果等诸多方面也存在区别。对自我宽恕的测量现有宽恕自我（FS）量表、Heartland宽恕量表（HFS）以及状态自我宽恕量表（SSFS）3种工具。有关自我宽恕的相关研究显示,自我宽恕与人格特质的关系还待探讨,而自我宽恕与心理健康水平有相关。未来的研究应深化自我宽恕的界定、拓展其研究方法、扩大其研究内容。     

The "drinking-buddy" scale as a measure of para-social behavior

Para-social behavior is a form of quasi-interpersonal behavior that results when audience members develop bonds with media personalities that can resemble interpersonal social interaction, but is not usually applied to political communication. This study tested whether the "Drinking-Buddy" Scale, a simple question frequently used in political communication, could be interpreted as a single-item measure of para-social behavior with respect to political candidates in terms of image judgments related to interpersonal attraction and perceived similarity to self. The participants were college students who had voted in the 2008 election. They rated the candidates, Obama or McCain, as drinking buddies and then rated the candidates' perceived similarity to themselves in attitude and background, and also the social and task attraction to the candidate. If the drinking-buddy rating serves as a proxy measure for para-social behavior, then it was expected that participants' ratings for all four kinds of similarity to and attraction toward a candidate would be higher for the candidate they chose as a drinking buddy. The directional hypotheses were supported for interpersonal attraction, but not for perceived similarity. These results indicate that the drinking-buddy scale predicts ratings of interpersonal attraction, while voters may view perceived similarity as an important but not essential factor in their candidate preference.     

大学生人际自立特质对人际信任的预测:独立于大五人格的作用

采用大学生人际自立量表、人际信任量表、大五人格简式量表等工具对1345名大学生进行的调查和情境研究显示:控制大五人格后,人际开放仍能预测人际信任倾向,并能通过人际信任倾向的中介作用间接预测人际信任的认知和行为反应;人际责任仍能直接预测人际信任的认知与行为反应。这提示,在对人际信任的预测方面,人际责任和人际开放具有大五人格所不能解释的独特作用,并在一定程度上支持了人格与人际信任反应的人际信任倾向中介模型。     

What you don't know won't hurt me:

This study addresses the implications of interpersonal communication technology use for personal relationships. Elements of an impression management model, which specifies the processes and outcomes of strategic uses of channel and message for self‐presentational goals, are tested. Respondents indicated their preference for interpersonal communication channels (telephone, answering machine, electronic mail, letters) in 4 types of episodes involving issues that either supported or threatened their own or their partner's self‐presentation. Findings supported the hypotheses predicting that individuals recognize mediated channels' capacity to manage ambiguity and clarity in interactional episodes and use those perceptions in forming their channel preferences. The constrictions of mediated channels are often seen as advantageous for interactions that could threaten positive impressions. The results support a functional perspective that views mediated communication channels as a tool for managing self‐relevant information in pursuit of self‐presentational goals.     

父母依恋对大学生人际适应的影响

应用自编大学生父母依恋问卷、亲子联结问卷、自尊量表、信任他人量表、人际能力问卷、领悟社会支持量表对251名大学生施测,对自编依恋问卷进行构想效度分析,并建立父母依恋影响大学生人际适应的路径模型。结果表明：1）大学生父母依恋问卷构想效度良好;2）父母依恋对人际能力、社会支持感知既有显著的直接效应,又以自尊、信任他人为中介产生间接效应;3）父母依恋对大学生人际适应有显著影响,依恋的内部工作模型理论具有跨文化适应性。     

The relationship between perceived religious discrimination and self‐esteem for Muslim Australians

Muslim Australians represent one of the fastest growing migrant groups in Australia. They are also the group who, after Indigenous Australians, experience the most discrimination. Previous research on the minority stress model confirms a link between such discrimination and mental health. However, in relation to self‐esteem and discrimination, the results are mixed, potentially reflecting whether people reject or identify with prejudiced views of them and also the type of discrimination being measured. To explore this issue further in an Australian context, we asked 49 Australian Muslims to complete Rosenberg's Self‐esteem Scale and the Perceived Religious Discrimination Scale. In support of both the minority stress model and the rejection‐identification model, we found that perceived interpersonal and systemic discrimination accounts for a small but significant variation in self‐esteem. Interpersonal discrimination was negatively related to self‐esteem, and systemic discrimination positively related. The effects of interpersonal discrimination on self‐esteem can guide therapists to interventions that help clients resist internalising discrimination experiences. The effects of institutional discrimination support therapists becoming part of the resistance to and challenging of discrimination and inequality.     

青少年学生疏离感的理论构建及量表编制

通过文献分析和实证研究 ,构建了疏离感的理论维度 ,并据此编制了青少年学生疏离感的测量量表。对量表进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析后表明 :疏离感是一个多层次、多维度的体系 ,本身包含 2个层次和 9个维度 ,该研究所构建的疏离感理论体系比较合理。疏离感量表具有较好的信度和效度 ,可以作为青少年学生疏离感研究的测量工具