What Determines Perceived Quality-of-life Impact of Mobile Phones? A Model Based on the Consumption Life Cycle

This paper reports two studies designed to identify the determinants of perceived quality-of-life impact (PQOLI) of mobile phones. We hypothesized that PQOLI of mobile phones is determined by mostly global feelings of satisfaction with mobile phones, which in turn are determined by satisfaction with a broad range of customer-related experiences—experience with the purchase of the mobile phone and service, preparing the mobile phone for personal use, using the mobile phone, owning the mobile phone, maintenance and repairs of the mobile phone, and disposal of the mobile phone (stages in the consumption life cycle). “Study 1” focused testing the model using a college student population. “Study 2” was designed to replicate the findings of “Study 1” with a more mature and diverse consumer population and extend the model by demonstrating that PQOLI has a significant predictive influence on brand loyalty, thus underscoring the managerial utility of our model. The study results are supportive of our overall model and its hypotheses.     

Mobile phone use while driving-literary review

This paper analysis published results of the research into the connection between mobile phone use while driving and traffic safety. Ever since the introduction of the first mobile phones, the authors have been examining the risks associated with its use in traffic, namely: prevalence or frequency of mobile phone use while driving, characteristics of drivers who make more frequent use of mobile phones, the connection between mobile phone use while driving and a car crash risk, a link between mobile phone use while driving and perception of risk, effects on driving performance of using various modes of mobile phones while driving (“hands-free” or “hand-held”), psychological factors influencing driver's decision to use a mobile phone while driving, etc.It is important to point out that the results of some studies indicate that using a hands-free mobile phone while driving does not provide greater safety as compared to the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving. Generally speaking, younger male drivers tend to use mobile phones more often while driving than women and older males.This paper analyses the results of studies which were published in 60 papers from 1994 to 2013.The analysis of the papers selected for research confirms detrimental effects of mobile phone use while driving. Also, four phases in the process of understanding the issue of mobile phone use impacts while driving have been established or identified. The first phase gives the analysis of the prevalence or frequency of mobile phone use while driving. The second phase identifies the characteristics of drivers who tend to use mobile phones more frequently while driving. The third phase concerns research into impacts of using different modes of mobile phones while driving on driving performance (“hands-free” or “hand-held”). Finally, the fourth phase deals with research into risks of mobile phone use while driving (“hands-free” or “hand-held”). The importance of this paper is reflected in that it can help traffic safety policy makers, on the basis of better understanding of the issue of mobile phone use impact while driving, to develop effective strategies aimed at reducing the extent of mobile phone use while driving.     

青少年同伴依恋与问题性手机使用的关系:自我建构对孤独感中介作用的调节

采用同伴依恋问卷、问题性手机使用量表、孤独感问卷以及自我建构量表对624名青少年进行调查,以探讨青少年同伴依恋对问题性手机使用的作用过程及其机制。结果显示,青少年同伴依恋通过孤独感的完全中介作用对问题性手机使用产生影响;依存型建构在孤独感与问题性手机使用之间起调节作用,独立型建构的调节作用不显著。这说明同伴依恋通过孤独感影响青少年的问题性手机使用,依存型建构可促进感到孤独的青少年使用手机。     

Personality and self-reported use of mobile phones for games.

Mobile phones are popular devices that may generate problems for a section of the community. A previous study using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire found that extraverts with low self-esteem reported more problems with their mobile phone use. The present study used the NEO FI and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory to predict the self reported mobile phone use of 112 participants. Multiple regression found that people low on agreeableness were more likely to use their mobile phones to play games. The findings imply an interplay between personality traits and excessive or problematic use on mobile phones that is relevant to proposed innovations such as gambling on mobile phones.     

Back from the beach but hanging on the telephone? English adolescents' attitudes and experiences of mobile phones and the internet.

Recently, a number of commentators have suggested that growth in use of the Internet may be slowing, and its impact may have been exaggerated. However, a disproportionate number of the nonusers tend to be those over the age of 50, and the young are most likely to go online eventually. Therefore, the most appropriate people to survey with regard to Internet use are adolescents and young adults who are likely to be the Internet users or nonusers of the future. This survey was conducted to find out more about the activities and opinions of secondary-school aged children who do, and do not, use the Internet. Mobile phone use was also examined in this survey as this has also shown a meteoric rise in adults and more particularly in young people. Generally, the survey revealed that children aged between 11 and 16 years old are quite comfortable with the Internet, use it a moderate amount and for a variety of purposes. However, boys were more likely to use the Internet than girls and sometimes for slightly different purposes. Reasons for not using the Internet generally revolved around a lack of access to equipment. Furthermore, a higher percentage of adolescents have mobile phones than adults and girls are more likely to own a mobile phone than boys. Mobile phones were also used for a variety of purposes, most notably making and receiving calls and text-messaging. The most common reasons for children not owning a mobile phone was because they had no need for one. Finally, a significant positive relationship between the use of emails and text messaging suggests that the mobile phone may supplement some of the previous functions of the Internet.     

Drivers' use of hand-held mobile phones in Western Australia

Using a hand-held mobile phone whilst driving has been linked to an increased risk of being involved in a road crash. Little research, however, has been done on actual road exposure rates to this potential safety problem. The main aim of this study was therefore to establish the number of drivers who use hand-held mobile phones while driving, and to discover if this number had increased as compared to similar observations obtained one year earlier. 40 roadside observations were made at major roads during daylight hours. On average approximately 1.5% of all vehicle drivers were observed using hand-held mobile phones. No significant difference was found between the percentage of drivers observed to be using phones in an earlier study and this current study. In addition, separate observations were undertaken at four sites at four periods of the `normal' working day to establish if a possible time of day effect existed. The data found that the level of mobile phone use did not significantly differ during the day, however, as a percentage of vehicle flow, the highest use period was between 11.00 and 12.00. Finally, for the same four sites, supplementary measures were taken to establish personal characteristics of the phone users. It was found that phone users were predominantly male (78%) and less than 40-years old (64%).     

Sad Kids,Sad Media? Applying Mood Management Theory to Depressed Adolescents' Use of Media

Mood management studies typically have found that adults will select media that enhance positive moods and reduce negative moods. In this study, adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder and control adolescents without psychiatric disorders were called on customized cell phones up to 4 times a day and asked about their current mood state and media use for five extended weekends across an 8-week period. Mood effects on subsequent media use, mood during media consumption, and media effects on subsequent mood were examined. Results indicated that adolescents who consumed fun media tended to do so in a way that sustained, rather than enhanced their prior positive mood levels during and after consumption-if they turned to media. Adolescents in more negative moods did not often use media to improve their moods. When they did, boys were more likely than girls to use media that ultimately reduced negative mood levels. Findings are discussed in light of the literature on mood management, adolescence, and depression.     

Beijing Calling... Mobile Communication in Contemporary China

Subsequently, with the recent wave of industrialization, China has become the “factory” of the globalized world. The modernization of this country, however, is not confined to the provision of production at a low added value: It also entails technological appropriation and innovation. In particular, China represents the biggest world market for mobile phones and will soon dominate the Internet market. In this country, the total number of mobile and fixed-line subscribers exceeds 750 million, and the total number of Internet users is more than 162 million. The present study focuses on how, after a decade of mobile phone use, the inhabitants of Beijing evaluate the changes in the social and communicative sphere as a result of the introduction of the mobile phone. In this paper, we present some results of a quantitative research, specifically focused on mobile communication. Based on face-to-face questionnaires administered to a convenient sample of 487 respondents, this study addresses the following research questions: After a decade of mobile phone use, how do Chinese people perceive the importance of this device? To what extent do the adoption and use of mobile phones increase or decrease social connectivity in contemporary China? To what extent does the use of mobile phones in everyday life enhance or reduce the communications – do they make you feel closer to or more distant from other people? What are the variables that predict users’ attitudes toward mobile phones in China?     

Hanging on the telephone: Mobile phone use patterns among UK-based business travellers on work-related journeys

There is currently only limited understanding of the driving-related phone use patterns of business travellers. This paper addresses this gap in knowledge by presenting the findings of a UK-based study on the extent to which, and ways in which, people on work-related journeys use mobile phones while driving. A sample of 149 UK drivers who used a particular motorway service station were surveyed, with follow up interviews being conducted with 15 survey respondents. It was found that such drivers made frequent and extensive use of mobile phones, with over 50% of survey respondents being categorized as ‘serial users’ of mobile phones while driving. Survey analysis also found that male drivers were significantly more likely than female drivers to be serial users. The interviews that were conducted highlighted the complexity of the decision making process drivers typically undertook in deciding whether and how to use their phones, which took account of factors such as the nature of road conditions and the type of call to be made or taken.     

移动购物更快吗?决策场景与思维模式的相容性

既有文献对消费者延迟选择影响因素的研究, 主要集中于决策复杂度、决策者特质或情绪, 少有对决策场景进行深入探讨。互联网购物时代, PC端与手机端已成为重要的消费场景。针对手机端是否会加快消费者决策过程的问题目前也存在不一致的结论。本文引入决策双系统理论, 力图解释以往看似冲突的结论。消费者的购买决策模式, 不仅会受到决策任务(产品价格)的影响, 还会受到决策场景(购买终端)影响。当场景与决策任务使消费者启动的思维模式相一致时, 会提升决策流畅度, 降低延迟选择。本文发现, 移动端(PC端)与低(高)价格产品更容易激发相容的经验性(理性)思维, 降低延迟选择倾向。反之, 则会同时启动两种相左的决策思维, 增加延迟选择倾向。本文从场景启动与价格启动视角, 将以往消费者单一的决策思维模式, 拓展到多因素启动的思维模式相容性问题; 同时本文通过探究延迟选择问题, 对价格策略与场景化营销带来启示。     

中学生手机线上交流与手机成瘾的关系：社会资本和手机关系需要满足的中介作用

采用问卷对3268名中学生进行调查,以探讨手机线上交流（陌生人、熟人）、社会资本、手机关系需要满足与手机成瘾之间的关系,结果显示：（1）中学生手机线上交流（陌生人、熟人）能直接正向预测手机成瘾;（2）当对象为陌生人时,中学生手机线上交流能够通过手机关系需要满足间接预测手机成瘾;（3）中学生线上交流（陌生人、熟人）能通过社会资本经手机关系需要的多重中介作用来预测手机成瘾。（4）当对象为熟人时,线上交流通过社会资本、手机关系需要预测手机成瘾的作用更显著。这些研究结果可以为预防与干预中学生手机成瘾提供参考价值。     

The effects of operating a touch screen smartphone and other common activities performed while bicycling on cycling behaviour

Although it has been shown that making phone calls or sending text messages while riding a bicycle can have a negative impact on bicyclist’s behaviour, in countries such as the Netherlands the operation of a mobile phone while cycling on a bicycle is not illegal and is actually quite common. In recent years conventional mobile phones with a physical keypad are increasingly being replaced by smartphones with a touch screen. The operation of a touch screen phone ironically cannot be done purely ‘by touch’ due to the lack of tactile feedback, and instead requires fixations on a relatively small screen. The question therefore can be asked whether the operation of touch screen telephones deteriorates cycling behaviour more than operation of a conventional mobile phone.Twenty-four participants completed a track on their own bicycle while sending a text message from a conventional and a touch screen mobile phone. In addition the effects of other common activities that can accompany bicycling were studied, including texting at the same time as listening to music, talking on a mobile phone or cycling next to someone and speaking with this companion, and playing a game on a touch screen phone while bicycling. The impacts of all the above conditions on cycling performance and visual detection performance were compared with control conditions in which participants cycled with either one or two hands on the handlebars and were not required to perform any secondary tasks.Bicycle speed was reduced in all telephone conditions and in the condition when cycling next to someone. Lateral position variation increased in all telephone conditions. Use of the touch screen led to a more central position in the cycle lane and resulted in worse visual detection performance compared with the operation of a conventional mobile phone. The main effect of listening to music was that an auditory signal to stop cycling was missed by 83% of the participants. In conclusion, while all investigated types of phone deteriorated cycling performance, the use of a touch phone has a larger negative effect on cycling performance than a conventional mobile phone. With touch screen smartphones taking the place of conventional mobile phones and being used for other purposes than verbal communication, these effects on cycling performance pose a threat to traffic safety.     

Predicting intentions to text and call while driving using the theory of planned behaviour

There is extensive evidence that using a mobile phone while driving causes degradation in driving performance, and thereby results in reduced safety on the road. The present study examined intentions to use mobile phones while driving using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A total of 212 Ukrainian drivers (mean age = 35 years SD = 10 years; males = 82%) completed a survey that included measures of the TPB components related to intentions to send or read text messages or to make or receive handheld phone calls across two different scenarios; one where they were running late, and the other when they were not in a hurry. Measures of the frequency of mobile phone use were also collected. The results showed that 63% of the sample reported using a mobile phone while driving at least daily, with the most frequent types of usage being making and answering a phone call with a handheld device. The most consistent predictor of intentions to interact with a mobile phone while driving was having a positive attitude towards doing so. Perceived behavioural control was also significantly and positively associated with mobile phone use while driving, but only a small number of associations were found with subjective norms. Our results suggest that intentions to interact with mobile phones while driving may be context specific.     

A Comparative Empirical Study on Mobile ICT Services,Social Responsibility and the Protection of Children

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish mobile phone industry to determine how mobile phone companies and certain institutions can improve protection for children who use mobile phones. We carried out a multivariate statistical analysis using anonymous primary data from mobile phone companies, and institutions and associations that protect children, to compare these stakeholders’ opinions and to put forward solutions. We proved that, even though some European countries have made an effort to provide safer ICT services, all stakeholders still need to cooperate and agree on solutions to the commercial problems associated with children using mobile phones. This can be done by signing codes of conduct. We found that even though some companies implement measures to protect children from accessing harmful content via their mobile phones, they do so for reasons of legal and not social responsibility.     

Mobile phone use while driving in Finland

Mobile phones represent one of the most common distractions for drivers and phone use while driving is particularly problematic in Finland. The aim of this research was to explore the Finnish sample of responses from ESRA2 (E-Survey of Road users' Attitudes) with a specific focus on the distracting behaviours related to mobile phone usage while driving. ESRA2 data is derived from online surveys amongst a representative sample of the adult populations in each participating country. In total a sample of 994 responses were collected in Finland for ESRA2, which included 703 responses from participants who held a driver’s licence and reported driving a car in the 30 days prior to the survey.The results provide evidence of the problematic usage of mobile phones while driving in Finland. Mobile phone use was considered across three specific types of usage: (1) handheld phone calls while driving; (2) handsfree phone calls while driving; (3) texting, emailing or social media use while driving. Almost half (49.4 %) of the sample reported using a handheld mobile phone to make a call while driving at least once in the 30 days prior to the survey. A similar percentage (41.4 %) of the sample had used a phone hands-free and 35.6 % had texted, emailed, or used social media.The study highlights how mobile phone usage is a complex and multifaceted issue and that there are a broad range of underlying factors that influence mobile phone usage depending on the way in which people engage with their mobile phone while driving. The findings suggest that a systematic approach to reducing mobile phone distraction is needed that addresses the issue through a combination of legislation, enforcement, and education.     

Does impulsivity relate to perceived dependence on and actual use of the mobile phone?

Several authors have studied the risks arising from the growth in mobile phone use (e.g. large debts incurred by young people, banned or dangerous use of cellular phones). The aim of this study is to analyse whether impulsivity, which has often been related to various forms of addictive behaviours, is associated with massive use of and dependence on the mobile phone. In this study, 108 female undergraduate psychology students were screened using a questionnaire evaluating actual use of and perceived dependence on the mobile phone, and with the French adaptation of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. This scale identifies four distinct components associated with impulsive behaviour: Urgency, lack of Premeditation, lack of Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking. The results showed that a relationship can be established between the use of and perceived dependence on the cellular phone and two facets of impulsivity: Urgency and lack of Perseverance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

手机依赖与青少年心理健康的关系:学业倦怠的中介作用和应对方式的调节作用

为探讨青少年手机依赖、学业倦怠、应对方式与心理健康的关系及作用机制,采用手机依赖指数量表、初中生学习倦怠问卷、简易应对方式问卷和SCL-90心理症状自评量表,对黑龙江、天津、山东、河南、江西8所高校的在校大学生以及河南省2所初中、2所高中的中学生共1191名青少年进行测查。结构方程模型的分析结果表明:(1)手机依赖对青少年心理健康有显著的负向预测作用;(2)学业倦怠在手机依赖和心理健康之间发挥部分中介作用;(3)消极应对方式调节了手机依赖通过学业倦怠影响青少年心理健康中介作用的后半段路径,相对于低消极应对的青少年,中介作用在高消极应对的青少年中更显著。该研究结果对维护和促进手机移动互联网时代青少年心理健康具有积极启示意义。     

Mood spillover and crossover among dual-earner couples: a cell phone event sampling study

In this study, the authors examined affective experiences of dual-earner couples. More specifically, the authors explored how momentary moods can spill over between work and family and cross over from one spouse to another. Fifty couples used their cell phones to provide reports of their momentary moods over 8 consecutive days. Results show significant spillover and crossover effects for both positive and negative moods. Work orientation moderated negative mood spillover from work to home, and the presence of children in the family decreased negative mood crossover between spouses. Crossover was observed when spouses were physically together and when the time interval between the spouses' reports was short. With this study, the authors contribute to the work and family research by examining the nature of mood transfers among dual-earner couples, including the direction, valence, and moderators of these transfers across work and family domains. The authors also contribute to the event sampling methodology by introducing a new method of using cell phones to collect momentary data.     

Evidence that implementation intentions reduce drivers’ use of mobile phones while driving

Implementation intentions are IF-THEN plans that have the potential to reduce mobile phone use while driving and thus contribute towards the prevention of road traffic crashes. We tested whether an intervention, designed to promote the formation of implementation intentions, could reduce drivers’ use of mobile phones. A randomized controlled design was used. The participants (N = 136) were randomised to an implementation intention or a control condition. Self-report questionnaires were administered to all participants at both pre- and one-month post-intervention to measure the use of mobile phones while driving, goal intentions and the theoretically derived motivational pre-cursors of goal intentions (attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control). Immediately following the pre-intervention questionnaire, the participants in the implementation intention condition (n = 67) were given a volitional help sheet, which asked them to form implementation intentions by specifying target driving situations that tempted them the most to use a mobile phone and linking them with goal-directed responses that could be used to resist the temptation. The participants in the control condition (n = 69) were asked to specify target situations that tempted them the most to use a mobile phone while driving and to generally try to avoid using a mobile phone in those situations. One-month post-intervention, the participants in the implementation intention condition reported using a mobile phone less often while driving in their specified target driving situations than did the participants in the control condition. As expected, no differences were found between the conditions in the reported frequency of mobile phone use in unspecified driving situations, goal intentions or any motivational pre-cursor of goal intentions. The implementation intention intervention that was tested in this study is a potentially effective tool for reducing mobile phone use while driving in target driving situations, where behaviour-change is most needed.