Self-Structure in Persecutory Delusions

There is currently limited research examining self-structure in clinical groups and no current data on the extent to which self-structure is amendable to change following psychological therapy. We address this important gap by examining self-structure in individuals with persecutory delusions using the card sort task, an established paradigm measuring key self-structure indices, including the degree to which self-structure is compartmentalized (characterized by primarily positive or negative attributes, as opposed to a mix of both), and the proportion and importance of negative attributes.In Study 1, individuals with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis with current persecutory delusions (clinical group, n = 27) and a healthy control group (n = 47) were compared on self-structure indices. In Study 2 (n = 27), the clinical group also completed the card sort task before and after randomization to either a 12-week mindfulness-based psychological therapy or treatment-as-usual control.In Study 1, self-structure differed significantly between the clinical and control groups. The clinical group had a greater proportion of negative attributes, assigned more importance to negative self-aspects, and had more compartmentalized self-structures compared with controls. In Study 2 there were no associations between delusion severity and self-structure. Large effect sizes for reductions in compartmentalization and proportion of negative attributes across self-aspects were found following mindfulness therapy. The findings highlight key differences in self-structure between individuals with persecutory delusions and healthy controls, and suggest that it might be possible to change self-structure following psychological therapy. These data support the central role of the self in theoretical models of paranoid thinking.     

我国产后抑郁研究现状分析

本文通过系统分析产后抑郁领域的国内研究现状,为研制针对性的干预策略奠定基础。研究遵循循证医学的理念,运用文献计量分析方法,对国内1998年～2007年间发表的111篇产后抑郁领域的研究文献进行分析。可见研究文献数量呈现逐年上升趋势,但研究范围主要局限于医学中心及区域范畴,研究内容主要涉及产后抑郁的评估与诊断、危险因素研究和预防干预方法的探索,但总体研究设计存在较大缺陷。可见亟需加强社区层面研究,提高研究设计的科学性,并将预防干预方法研究作为重点。     

产后抑郁相关危险因素分析

本文通过分析引发产后抑郁的相关危险因素及其对健康的影响,为探索干预措施提供依据。危险因素重要性的分析显示“夫妻关系不佳”位居危险因素之首;产妇的性格特征和孕期心理状态是产后抑郁发生的重要心理影响因素。因此,丈夫角色不容忽视,社会支持系统的建立意义重大,干预效果显著的因素应作为研究重点。     

Mothers with Depressive Symptoms Touching Newborns

Previous research has demonstrated the positive effects of early contact on mother–infant touching behaviours. The present study investigated whether the type of maternal touching, shortly after birth, is also determined by the mother's mood state. Mothers with depressive symptoms were compared to non-depressive mothers 1 day after delivery on how they touched their newborns following an initial feeding. The results were counter-intuitive in that no differences were found between mothers with depressive symptoms and non-depressive mothers in type of maternal touching. However, mothers with depressive symptoms talked to their infants less often and talked on the phone more often. In addition, mothers with depressive symptoms showed more neutral and negative facial expressions and fewer positive and more neutral vocal expressions.     

A Year's Experiences with a Postpartum Depression Group

The author defines postpartum mood and adjustment disorders, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and resources. The purpose, goals, themes, and co-leadership issues of a postpartum depression psychoeducational group, offered year-round in an urban community center, are discussed. A vignette from the group is presented to sample its process and content.     

产后抑郁预防干预方法现状分析

本文通过分析现有产后抑郁预防干预方法,为探索产后抑郁预防干预模式提供依据。研究中提及的产后抑郁预防干预方法众多,但缺乏效果评价,总体干预思路是以早发现为前哨,疏导为重点,建立社会支持系统为支撑,调整生活习惯为保障。集体心理干预值得推广,应加强实施效果评估,并将产后抑郁干预融入孕产妇保健体系。     

产后抑郁症相关因素及防治

产后抑郁症是产妇常见的心理行为异常,严重危害产妇的身心健康,其病因复杂。用系统论方法分析产后抑郁症相关因素,论述产后抑郁症发生是由多方面因素引起,而各因素之间是相互制约、相互作用的。因此,防治产后抑郁症应从整体考虑,多种方法综合应用,以期达到最佳防治效果。     

我国产后抑郁评估与诊断方法应用现状分析

早期评估与诊断是产后抑郁预防干预的第一步,通过分析国内产后抑郁评估与诊断方法的应用现状,为提高评估与诊断结果的科学性提供依据。发现爱丁堡产后抑郁量表为筛查首选量表,分析显示采用同一种量表和不同量表进行评估的检出率均有较大差异。因此,应根据研究特点选择适宜的筛查量表以提高不同研究结果的可比性,同时,需加强量表分界值本土化的研究。     

剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性

了解剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性,对剖宫产患者进行抑郁状况的调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。对抑郁组与非抑郁组的一般情况构成比比较,并采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）进行测评。社会支持、应对方式及防御方式对产后抑郁的发生均产生一定作用。应付方式、社会支持及防御方式是影响剖宫产患者产后抑郁的重要因素。     

石河子市剖宫产患者产后抑郁状况调查及影响因素分析

为了了解剖宫产患者产后抑郁的发生情况,对剖宫产患者进行抑郁状况的调查,并对其影响因素进行分析,对抑郁组与非抑郁组的一般情况构成比比较,并采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）进行测评。结果显示,应付方式评定量表中的主观支持（P〈0．05）,社会支持问卷中退避倾向性进入回归方程,提示应付方式及社会支持是影响剖宫产患者产后抑郁的重要因素。     

Personal Growth and Meaning in Life Among First-Time Mothers and Grandmothers

This cross-sectional study examined personal growth and meaning in life among mothers and grandmothers who recently went through major transitions in a woman’s life. It investigated the contribution of the internal resources of perception of self (self-esteem) and perceived characteristics of the situation (cognitive appraisal of threat, challenge, and self-efficacy) and the external resource of perceived social support, as well as two background variables: age, and frequency of meetings between mothers and grandmothers. Participants were 152 first-time mothers 6–24?months after delivery, and their own mothers who were first-time grandmothers (n?=?152). The results showed differential contributions to meaning in life and personal growth in the two generations, indicating that the proposed variables can indeed explain growth and meaning in life in these life stages. They reveal not only the similarities and differences between the response of mothers and grandmothers to these parallel life transitions, but also how information about one generation may help explain the response of the other. The different patterns of associations which emerged for growth and meaning in life are also discussed.     

Obsessional Thoughts in Postpartum Females and Their Partners: Content, Severity, and Relationship with Depression

Only a few studies have examined the development or exacerbation of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) during pregnancy and the postpartum. Although the available literature suggests that OCD symptoms, particularly obsessional problems, develop at higher than expected rates among postpartum females, the overall prevalence of such symptoms in the postpartum remains unknown. Previous findings also suggest that intrusive distressing thoughts related to situational stressors are common in the general population. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the presence and phenomenology of postpartum obsessive-like intrusive thoughts, images, and impulses in a large sample of parents with very young infants. Surveys were mailed to 300 childbearing women and their partners. Results were obtained from approximately one fifth of the sample; and 65% of respondents indicated the presence of obsessional intrusive thoughts. Intrusions were similar to normal obsessions as reported in previous research. Results are discussed in terms of the content of intrusive thoughts, their relationship to depression, and implications for etiological models of OCD and perinatal education.     

Hope,Social Support,and Postpartum Depression: Disentangling the Mediating Effects of Negative Affectivity

We examined the potentially mediating effects of negative affectivity (NA) on the hope–depression relationship among a sample of postpartum women. We also assessed the social support reported by these women and examined the possible mediating effects of NA on the social support–postpartum depression relationship. Correlational analyses of data obtained from women (N = 98) who had given birth in the previous 6 months revealed that NA did not mediate either hope or social support in the prediction of postpartum depression. Hope accounted for a significant degree of variance in postpartum depression. These data suggest that hope has palliative effects among women following childbirth and these effects are not nullified or explained by emotional predispositions.     

Critical Factors Associated with Early Postpartum Depression among Turkish Women

The main objective of this study was to examine the associated factors of the early postpartum depression, in a Turkish sample of 151 postnatal women. Besides positive and negative affect and marital adjustment measures, demographic and labor related variables, which may affect the postpartum depression, were also included into the study. To reveal the critical factors associated with the early postnatal depressive mood, a regression analysis was conducted. After controlling for the variance accounted for by age and number of children, negative affect and marital maladjustment measures were found to be significant associates of postpartum depression. These findings are discussed in the light of the literature.This work has been supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences, in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program. (TG-TUBA-GEBIP/2002-1-11).     

Sense of Coherence, Ways of Coping, and Well Being of Married and Divorced Mothers

The study examines sense of coherence and ways of coping as personality resources capable of helping divorced mothers deal with the divorce crisis. The findings show that although mothers from two parent families enjoy a higher sense of well being than divorced mothers, the well being of both groups was predicted by sense of coherence. They also show that mothers with higher sense of coherence used more effective coping strategies and derived more benefit from the strategies they used. The married and divorced mothers have a similar sense of coherence level. More study is needed to ascertain precisely how sense of coherence contributes to well being, as well as to the choice and effectiveness of coping strategies.     

Be a Mom: Formative Evaluation of a Web-Based Psychological Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression

A formative evaluation (consisting of two phases: a scoping literature review and a focus group with mental health professionals) was conducted to inform the design of a web-based intervention to prevent postpartum depression, in terms of its characteristics and content: the Be a Mom program. The results showed that the web-based intervention should be short-term, delivered postnatally, and grounded in cognitive-behavior therapy principles. Moreover, the intervention should include weekly sessions targeting basic contents: motherhood changes, reorganizations and emotional experience; cognitions, self-criticism, and self-compassion; parenting values, social support, and assertive communication skills; couple relationship, negotiation and conflict resolution skills; and postpartum depression signs and professional help-seeking. These results may improve the Be a Mom’s adequacy, implementation success, and effectiveness.     

Touch by Intrusive and Withdrawn Mothers with Depressive Symptoms

Interaction behaviours of 88 adolescent mothers with depressive symptoms and their 3-month-old infants were videotaped and coded for different types of touch. The ‘depressed’ mothers were classified as intrusive, withdrawm or good by one observer and another observer coded rough tickling, poking, tugging and pulling as negative touch behaviours and gentle stroking and rubbing as positive touch behaviours. The mothers with depressive symptoms were more likely to touch their infants in a negative way and more likely to be classified as intrusive.     

Grandmothers and Mothers: An Intergenerational Comparison of Child-rearing Practices with Pre-schoolers

Changes towards modernity in attitudes and behaviours in child-rearing come slowly. Stresses may arise in families when the developmental understandings of grandparents and parents lead to incompatible beliefs and practices. This research used in-depth, personal and separate interviews with 126 subjects, grandmothers and their grown daughters, to ascertain domains of congruence and of disparity in the child-rearing attitudes and techniques reported by each respondent. Greater awareness of areas where grandparents and parents agree and where they differ can lead to more efforts to understand each other's viewpoints and to reconcile differences which otherwise might lead to feelings of alienation or rejection between family members from different generations.