认知行为治疗对老年抑郁症病人的生活质量影响研究

将200例老年抑郁患者随机分为研究组和对照组。研究组认知行为治疗联合药物治疗,对照组单纯药物治疗。治疗前后进行CRI、SDSS、GAF等量表评定。6个月后,两组在大体功能、生活满意度、应对方式等方面有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。认知行为治疗有效改善老年抑郁症病人的应对方式,提高患者的生活满意度。     

认知行为治疗对老年抑郁症病人的生活质量影响研究

将200例老年抑郁患者随机分为研究组和对照组.研究组认知行为治疗联合药物治疗,对照组单纯药物治疗.治疗前后进行CRI、SDSS、GAF等量表评定.6个月后,两组在大体功能、生活满意度、应对方式等方面有显著性差异(P<0.01).认知行为治疗有效改善老年抑郁症病人的应对方式,提高患者的生活满意度.     

青少年抑郁症产生的原因分析——认知、自我、人格的观点

当前,青少年抑郁症的发病率呈明显上升趋势,已严重影响到青少年的身心健康发展。青少年抑郁症主要表现在生理和心理两个方面原因,外因通过内因起作用,本文章拟从导致青少年抑郁的内部原因着手进行深入讨论,包括认知、自我和人格等方面,希望能对青少年抑郁患者的治疗和恢复有所帮助。     

抑郁症的计算机化认知行为治疗

计算机化认知行为治疗(computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy, CCBT), 即指通过电脑交互界面, 以清晰的操作步骤, 高度结构化的多种媒介互动方式(如网页、漫画、动画、视频、声音等)来表现认知行为治疗基本原则和方法的治疗方式。抑郁症的CCBT近年来在西方崭露头角, 目前Beating The Blues、MoodGYM、E-Couch和Good Days Ahead等抑郁症CCBT程序在西方使用较为广泛。从可行性分析上发现, 该疗法较受病人接纳、具有较高的成本效用和易用性; 现有实验研究证明了抑郁症采用CCBT是有效的, 但其有效性仍取决于诸多因素。以往研究存在着较少关注治疗有效性的内在机制、治疗效果差异较大、风险评估简化和被试选择偏向等问题, 建议未来研究应加强：(1)中介效应及机制研究; (2)以人为本的个性化服务研究; (3)风险评估与隐私保护研究; (4)在“弱势群体”中的研究与运用。最后, 对其在中国发展的必要性与可行性进行了展望。     

抑郁症认知治疗理论及实践进展

认知治疗分化为认知行为与认知分析治疗两个流派。抑郁的贝克认知模型、归因模型、自我价值关联模型以及抑郁的注意过程等认知理论为认知治疗奠定了基础。认知行为治疗、认知行为分析系统心理治疗以及基于冥想的认知治疗等已经在实践中被较有力的临床证据检验。认知治疗在抑郁症的治疗中已显示出广泛的应用前景。     

抑郁症认知治疗理论及实践进展

认知治疗分化为认知行为与认知分析治疗两个流派.抑郁的贝克认知模型、归因模型、自我价值关联模型以及抑郁的注意过程等认知理论为认知治疗奠定了基础.认知行为治疗、认知行为分析系统心理治疗以及基于冥想的认知治疗等已经在实践中被较有力的临床证据检验.认知治疗在抑郁症的治疗中已显示出广泛的应用前景.     

父母监控与青少年的问题行为

从北京市两所普通中学选取了1090名中学生为被试,采用问卷调查的方式,要求他们分别报告父亲和母亲的主、客观监控水平和监控手段,以及自己的问题行为,以探讨父母监控与青少年问题行为之间的关系。结果表明:(1)客观监控水平越高,青少年的问题行为越少;而主观监控水平的作用却与此相反;(2)父母客观监控水平高而主观监控水平低的青少年表现的问题行为最少;(3)沟通和控制可以起到积极的监控作用,而搜寻的作用相对较弱,并且父亲使用搜寻手段还会增加青少年的违法行为;母亲搜寻手段的使用也只是对男生有一定的影响。     

关于父母教养方式与青少年行为的关系研究

青少年时期是人生发展的“断乳”期,处于这一时期的青少年精力旺盛,求知欲强,自我意识迅速发展,道德行为习惯开始形成。在道德行为习惯形成的过程中,家庭、学校和社会环境的影响都很大,其中又以家庭中父母教养方式的影响尤为直接。本研究通过问卷调查的方法,调查了200位初中学生,以探讨父母教养方式和青少年行为之间的关系。结果发现,父母严厉的教养方式、不良的学校环境与青少年的反社会行为有相关关系,而青少年亲社会行为和父母教养方式的关系则不显著。本文在调查结果的基础上还提出了一些有利于培养青少年良好行为的建议。     

认知行为疗法治疗儿童青少年强迫症的应用研究

强迫症已经被认为是儿童青少年常见的心理障碍之一。强迫症的认知行为模型在成人研究中得到了大量的实证支持,但这个模型在儿童青少年群体中研究相对较少。认知行为疗法被广泛认为是治疗儿童青少年强迫症的有效心理治疗方案,但对于认知行为治疗儿童青少年强迫症的实证研究还有待进一步深入。     

认知行为疗法治疗儿童青少年强迫症的应用研究

强迫症已经被认为是儿童青少年常见的心理障碍之一.强迫症的认知行为模型在成人研究中得到了大量的实证支持,但这个模型在儿童青少年群体中研究相时较少.认知行为疗法被广泛认为是治疗儿童青少年强迫症的有效心理治疗方案,但对于认知行为治疗儿童青少年强迫症的实证研究还有待进一步深入.     

What Do People Really Think of Me? Evaluating Bias in Interpersonal Predictions Over the Course of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy of Depression

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) of depression is hypothesized to achieve its effects by correcting negative biases. However, little research has tested how biases change over the course of CBT. We focus on biases in interpersonal judgments and examine whether changes in biases occur in CBT and are associated with symptom improvements. A sample of 126 adults (60% women, mean age 31.7, 83% White) participated in CBT of depression. Observers provided ratings of patients participating in two interpersonal tasks on three occasions. Patients were asked to predict observers’ ratings. In a thin slice (TS) task, observers evaluated how patients came across in a brief segment in which patients talked about themselves. In a Standard Interaction Task (SIT), observers rated the social skills patients displayed in challenging role plays. The difference between patient predictions and observer ratings provided measures of bias in these interpersonal judgments. TS and SIT bias became significantly less pessimistic and more realistic over the course of CBT. Improvements in TS bias were associated with a faster reduction in symptoms, whereas there was a non-significant trend for improvement in SIT bias being associated with faster symptom reduction. Consistent with the CBT model, negative interpersonal biases became more realistic throughout a course of CBT for depression and at least some of the changes in bias were related to therapeutic outcomes. We encourage future researchers to continue examining for whom and under which conditions correcting such biases produces the greatest benefits.     

Negative Life Events and Substance Use Moderate Cognitive Behavioral Adolescent Depression Prevention Intervention

Investigate factors that amplify or mitigate the effects of an indicated cognitive behavioral (CB) depression prevention program for adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms. Using data from a randomized trial (Registration No. NCT00183417; n = 173) in which adolescents (M age = 15.5, SD = 1.2) were assigned to a brief cognitive behavioral prevention program or an educational brochure control condition, we tested whether elevated motivation to reduce depression and initial depressive symptom severity amplified intervention effects and whether negative life events, social support deficits, and substance use attenuated intervention effects. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated differential intervention effects for two of the five examined variables: negative life events and substance use. For adolescents at low and medium levels of substance use or negative life events, the CB intervention produced declines in depressive symptoms relative to controls. However, at high levels of substance use or negative life events, the CB intervention did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms in comparison to controls. Results imply that high-risk adolescents with either high rates of major life stress or initial substance use may require specialized depression prevention efforts.     

二孩家庭父母偏爱的特点及其与青少年抑郁的关系

对1655名来自二孩家庭的青少年进行调查,以考察二孩家庭中父母偏爱的特点及其与青少年抑郁的关系。结果发现：（1）父母偏爱水平较低,且父亲偏爱和母亲偏爱不存在显著差异。（2）父母偏爱存在性别和出生次序差异,男孩报告父母更偏爱自己,女孩报告父母更偏爱同胞;头胎子女报告父亲更偏爱自己,母亲更偏爱同胞,二胎子女则相反。（3）父母偏爱对青少年抑郁有显著影响,且为U型曲线关系,即当父母偏爱同胞或中高程度偏爱自己时,青少年抑郁水平均较高;当父母较低程度偏爱自己时,青少年抑郁水平最低。说明二孩家庭中不存在严重的父母偏爱,但父母偏爱会对青少年发展产生消极影响。     

Durability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effects for Youth and Adolescents With Anxiety,Depression, or Traumatic Stress:A Meta-Analysis on Long-Term Follow-Ups

Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) for youth with anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression have demonstrated strong effects in individual studies and meta-analyses. Relatively more attention has been given to posttreatment effects, though, and assessment of follow-up effects has been limited at the meta-analytic level. The current meta-analysis aimed to (a) examine the effects of youth CBT at posttreatment, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and long-term (2 + years) follow-up as well as (b) identify research-related variables (e.g., measure respondent type) that relate to effects. Using a random effects model across 110 child and adolescent CBT groups, within-group effect sizes were large at posttreatment (g = 1.24) and from 1-month through long-term follow-up (g = 1.23–1.82), and effect sizes did not significantly differ by treatment target (i.e., anxiety, traumatic stress, depression). However, availability of outcome data for effect sizes diminished across later follow-up assessments. Moreover, effect sizes were significantly associated with outcome respondent type across assessment timing, with outcome measures from caregiver and youth respondents associated with smaller effect sizes (B = -0.97, p < 0.001) relative to outcome measures that were evaluator-reported. Results provide initial support for the durability of treatment effects for youth CBTs and highlight the importance of some confounding variables. Implications for improving treatment research standards and prioritizing assessment of long-term follow-up assessment are discussed.