企业社会责任伦理探析

企业社会责任的影响日益增大,需要探讨其本质、进程、影响因素并推动其发展.企业社会责任本质上是伦理道德责任.企业社会责任由理念到运动,经历了由小到大、由弱到强的变化.企业社会责任受社会文化条件、经济条件和技术条件的影响而在不同时期凸显出不同的伦理内涵和实践要求.     

论企业社会责任的伦理文化基础

企业社会责任是人类商业文明的表现,也是现代社会的一种文化现象.针对目前学界对企业社会责任兴起条件分析中所缺乏的伦理视阈,本文从企业性质的社会伦理学思考、经济价值中立论的逆转、环境危机的伦理诉求以及社会福利制度的责任分担的伦理理念,阐释了社会伦理文化对企业社会责任兴起的价值先导作用.     

SA8000企业社会责任的伦理解读

本文认为SA8000没有囊括企业社会责任的全部内容,仅规定了企业的内部社会责任;SA8000不只是发展中国家企业的社会责任,而是全球企业共同的社会责任;SA8000不是强加给企业的负担,它有助于正确处理企业社会责任与企业经济绩效的关系,实现共赢理念.     

企业社会责任与社会公正

企业何以需要承担社会责任?企业承担社会责任的价值指归于何处?又如何能保持企业承担社会责任的持续后劲?诸如此类问题的思考和解决在本质上命系于社会公正或公正的社会环境。企业社会责任与社会公正是一个交融渗透、共生互动的德性共同体。     

经济伦理视野中的企业社会责任及其担当与评价次序

从经济伦理学的视阈审视,将"经济责任"与"伦理责任"设定为企业社会责任中存有主次与先后的不同层序,是长期以来"经济"与"伦理"的分割式理解在企业社会责任问题上的显现.经济与伦理本质上是内在统一的.从这一立场出发,企业社会责任是经济责任与伦理责任内在统一、相互交融的"经济-伦理"责任.与此相对应,企业社会责任担当与评价的次序应遵循的原则是:企业在利润获取层面承担的社会责任优先于利润分配层面承担的社会责任.     

伦理智慧视野中的企业竞争与企业社会责任

在市场经济发展中,应树立正确的竞争意识,避免导致企业灾难的恶性竞争。企业应在有合作的竞争中,在追求“内在利益”的经营中实现“双赢”。唤起企业的社会责任是企业伦理建设的重要内容。伦理智慧在企业竞争中,在追求"内在利益"中,在承担社会责任中表现出来。     

企业性质与企业社会责任

企业社会责任变革着企业资本的经营方式,但没有也不能改变或挤压企业性质.企业性质构成企业社会责任的伦理本体.从本质上说,企业社会责任是企业性质的意志表达、企业生命周期的代谢活力、企业可持续发展的价值确证.企业性质及其发展能力构成企业社会责任的适用边界.以企业性质所设定的企业使命为价值载体的企业社会责任是一种根植于企业自身的、内生的、独一无二的责任愿景.任何企图躲避或背离企业性质的企业社会责任不是沦为乌托邦说教、也有可能在"善"的名义下行恶.     

企业环境责任的伦理考量

责任伦理是面向未来的一种伦理概念.企业责任伦理的缺失是我国环境污染日趋严重不可忽视的因素之一.企业作为环境污染中的主体,必须为其行为后果承担责任.当我们强调作为集体的企业的责任伦理,强调企业对其行为所导致的后果负责时,其实质即指企业在责任伦理下的社会责任承担问题.     

企业社会责任与构建和谐社会

和谐社会的建构,不仅要求企业为社会创造物质财富,更要求其为社会承担相应的责任。企业履行社会责任,企业自身应树立正确理念,培养道德操守,社会舆论与政府也应引导和鼓励企业承担社会责任。     

风险社会与责任伦理

随着当今世界突发事件的增多、不确定性的增强 ,风险已成为当代社会的重要特征。当代西方学者对风险的解读已不仅仅局限于科学技术领域 ,而是把视野扩展至更广阔的社会文化层面 ,把风险置于现代化发展的大背景中进行考察。本文在深入分析风险产生动因的基础上认为 ,责任伦理的确立是人类应对风险社会挑战的有效途径。     

企业社会责任活动中感知伪善的结构与量表开发

不当的企业社会责任(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)表现会让消费者感知企业伪善, 从而产生极负面的影响。但“伪善”概念刚经由社会心理学引入营销学领域, 亟需准确定义和科学的量表。为此, 将以中国文化为背景, 通过系列研究, (1)探究CSR活动中消费者感知企业伪善的内涵并与相关概念区分; (2)揭示企业伪善的构成结构, 开发多维度的企业伪善量表并进行严格的信度、效度检验; (3)探索其前因后果, 特别是实证检验其对消费者态度和行为三个层面的影响。     

Wobbling on a One-Legged Stool: The Decline of American Pluralism and the Academic Treatment of Corporate Social Responsibility

B. Readings (University in Ruins. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) argued that universities have abandoned their original project of promoting a national culture and have tried to substitute by embracing globalization, but the vagueness and incoherence of the concept has failed to return purpose to the University. The academic treatment of corporate social responsibility illustrates this dilemma. For a generation after H.R. Bowen (Social Responsibilities of the Businessman. New York: Harper & Row, 1953) founded the field, scholars struggled to fit the concept within a national system of pluralistic power-sharing among a variety of institutions that would define and enforce standards of responsibility necessary for the general good of American society. That understanding changed in the nineteen eighties, shortly after corporate executives had united to an unprecedented degree to direct the power of government in their interests, influence the public agenda, and roll back the power of unions. In response, business ethicists began to reformulate corporate social responsibility as a voluntary practice on the part of these same executives. Since the Kantian and Lockean principles upon which this approach was based were themselves problematic, it is not surprising that the experience gained over the last generation casts doubt on the efficacy of this reliance on voluntary restraint and personal initiative. However, circumstances that include the failure of globalization to deliver on its promises may have changed sufficiently in recent years to revive interest in approaches that acknowledge the importance of countervailing power for encouraging greater corporate social responsibility.     

Social Responsibility and the Mental Health Professions

Summary

While mental health professionals tend to primarily focus on their professional responsibilities toward the specific members of the public whom they serve, many are also concerned about positively impacting the broader society or culture in which they live and work. This notion of social responsibility is addressed in the ethics codes of both psychologists and social workers. This article reviews how this notion is addressed for these two mental health professions and also examines the changes that have occurred for psychologists between the 1992 and 2002 ethics codes. Finally, some general issues regarding the role of mental health professionals in changing society are considered.     

Chinese Corporate Social Responsibility by Multiple Objective Portfolio Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we study corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China through the prism of investments. We work with large stocks and assess their CSR performance from agency CSR data. We formulate Chinese CSR by a multiple objective extension of a traditional portfolio selection model and analytically solve the extension. We also solve the extension by a genetic algorithm and directly evaluate the algorithm's performance against the analytical solution. The multiple objective formulation is tested by randomly choosing nondominated portfolios with out‐of‐sample data to identify nondominated portfolios that outperform the 1/n portfolio (equally weighted portfolio). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanisms of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership

Literature reviews have repeatedly emphasized the need to further investigate relationships between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and micro-organizational variables. The present research attempts to address this call by examining the direct and indirect relationship between individual perceptions of CSR and employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Multiphasic data from 207 workplace supervisor–subordinate dyads recruited from an online panel were analyzed to show that organizational identification mediated the relationship between CSR and OCBs. Furthermore, supervisor transformational leadership style moderated the mediation, such that the indirect effect of the organizational identification on the relationship between CSR and OCBs became nonsignificant under low transformational leadership. Based on these results, we make suggestions for using embeddedness programs to improve perceptions of CSR.     

Disparaging Trademarks and Social Responsibility

This study examines the use of disparaging and offensive trademarks and mascots by sports teams. Specifically, this study considers whether the continued use of Native American symbols and mascots in sports comports with the Christians-Nordenstreng conceptualization of social responsibility, which considers the three principles of human dignity, truth-telling, and nonmaleficence. To do this, the article considers the history and arguments both for and against the use of these symbols in sports communication. This article concludes with a discussion of how the use of these trademarks does not fulfill the three principles of social responsibility and what that means for the symbols’ continued use.     

A Neo-Kantian foundation of Corporate Social Responsibility

‘Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is conceptualized in many ways. We argue that one cannot be indifferent about the issue of its conceptualization. In terms of methodology, our position is that any conceptual discussion must embed CSR in political theory. With regard to substance, we link up with the discussion on whether CSR must be defined on the basis of a tripartite or a quadripartite division of business responsibilities. We share A.B. Carroll’s intuition that a quadripartite division is called for as a basis to define CSR. However, defending the quadripartite division of business responsibilities requires that the distinctions between economic, legal, ethical and discretionary business responsibilities be made intelligible. Carroll’s account is defective in this respect. We argue that contemporary Neo-Kantian political ethics is able to make sense of these distinctions, because of its specific interpretation of liberalism. Interestingly, from a conventional liberal perspective this interpretation of liberalism is atypical, as it extends public morality beyond the domain of the law.

企业社会责任视角下“制造疾病”现象的成因及对策研究

制药企业除应履行一般企业的社会责任外,因其产品的特殊性还应以“安全、健康”为首要职责,并通过协调自身“福利性”与“盈利性”实现可持续发展。企业参与和影响新的疾病定义和标准制定的主要原因是缺失社会责任意识,盲目追求短期经济利益。此外,制定主体不明确,制定流程不规范;法制体系仍不完备,监督体系不够健全等也是导致“制造疾病”现象发生的潜在原因。因此,应采取加强制药企业社会责任意识建设;规范疾病定义和标准制定主体和流程;完善“制造疾病”法律法规和监督体系等措施减少“制造疾病”现象的发生。

     

Universities and the Promotion of Corporate Responsibility: Reinterpreting the Liberal Arts Tradition

The issue of corporate responsibility has long been discussed in relationship to universities, but generally only in an ad hoc fashion. While the role of universities in teaching business ethics is one theme that has received significant and rather constant attention, other issues tend to be raised only sporadically. Moreover, when issues of corporate responsibility are raised, it is often done on the presumption of some understanding of a liberal arts mandate of the university, a position that has come under much attack in recent years. The purpose of this article is to investigate more systematically the nature of the obligations that the university has to promote more responsible corporate behaviour. It does so on the basis of a reinterpretation of the liberal arts tradition from a critical theory perspective. This entails: (1) an initial conceptualization of the roles and functions of the university; (2) an examination of these functions at two formative periods of the liberal arts tradition, the medieval university and the rise of the modern university in Germany in the early 19th century; (3) an investigation of ruptures in the understanding and practices of the liberal arts tradition, resulting in large part from the rise of the bureaucratic state and the industrial capitalist economy; (4) a reinterpretation of the liberal arts tradition from a critical theory perspective; and (5) a systematic elaboration of the obligations of the university vis-à-vis corporations based upon the university's key functions of teaching, research, formation and professional development.     

“企业公民”与医药事业的境界

指出了医药行业对企业公民和企业社会责任的忽视,分析了企业公民和企业社会责任在医药行业发展中的对应要求,强调了医药行业在注重经济利益的同时,要充分重视对社会责任的承担,并从医药行业作为社会事业的角度,提出了树立企业公民意识对提升医药事业发展境界的必要性和重要性。