健康行动过程取向模型的发展与前景

健康行动过程取向(HAPA)模型的提出源于健康行为社会认知模型的发展和Bandura社会认知理论的应用。在HAPA中, 健康行为变化被视为一个包括行为产生、保持和恢复在内的连续过程; 结果预期、危险感知、三种自我效能感和两类计划被用来解释意图的形成及其向行动的转化; 两个阶段的划分有助于区分三类干预对象, 建议实施菜单式干预。HAPA模型具有明显的理论优势, 也引发了有关模型实质的争论。当前和未来的研究旨在考察更多的自我调节变量、检验因果模型, 在健康行为的多个领域开展应用和干预研究。     

快乐游戏,健康成长——做回归本源的学前教育,让每位幼儿健康快乐地成长

成都市第十一幼儿园创建于1921年,是武侯区教育局直属的,拥有国家级“双语课题实验园”的一所公办一级园.幼儿园曾先后获得“成都市一级幼儿园”、“成都市学前教育工作先进单位”、“武侯区教育督导表彰单位”、全国教育科学“十五”规划教育部重点课题“学前双语教育师资培训研究”优秀实验幼儿园、全国学前教育研究学会“十一五”课题“婴儿家庭游戏材料的利用与指导策略研究”实验幼儿园、第四届星星火炬双美杯少儿英语风采展示团体赛特等奖等众多荣誉称号.同时,幼儿园也培养出省优秀教师,市青年优秀教师、教坛新秀,区特级园长、优秀园长、优秀教育工作者等一支优秀的教师队伍.     

健康行为改变中的社会认知因素:HAPA模型述评

HAPA是健康行为领域研究的新取向.认为改变健康行为需要两个分离的过程:动机和意志.首先,基于自我信念的基础上形成改变的意图;随意,行为改变才会被计划、引发并维持.HAPA认为,动机阶段引起行为意图,而意志阶段则产生实际行为.以自我效能为代表的社会认知因素在两个阶段起重要作用,对于健康行为的采纳、引发和维持的产生重要的预测作用.     

健康行为改变中的社会认知因素：HAPA模型述评

HAPA是健康行为领域研究的新取向。认为改变健康行为需要两个分离的过程:动机和意志。首先,基于自我信念的基础上形成改变的意图;随意,行为改变才会被计划、引发并维持。HAPA认为,动机阶段引起行为意图,而意志阶段则产生实际行为。以自我效能为代表的社会认知因素在两个阶段起重要作用,对于健康行为的采纳、引发和维持的产生重要的预测作用。     

美国健康战略及启示

介绍了美国健康战略出台的背景,并重点介绍了美国“健康公民2010”战略的目标、优先领域、主要健康指标以及相应的行动计划,比较了美国“健康公民2000”和“健康公民2010”的异同,在此基础上总结了美国健康战略发展的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的启示。     

内隐人格理论的实体论－渐变论维度研究述评

对内隐人格理论的实体论－渐变论维度的研究是近年来社会认知研究的一个新趋势。研究发现,人们对人的特性（如智力、品德和人格特征等）的内隐认知理论,制约调节着他们对人的行为的理解和反应。人们持有的不同内隐人格理论导致他们不同的社会认知模式和行为反应方式。实体论者由于认为人的特性是固定不变的,而倾向于用抽象概括化的和静态的内在特质来理解人的行为;而渐变论者由于认为人的特性是动态可塑的,而倾向于用影响心理动态过程的内外具体调节因素来理解人的行为。作者在综述有关研究的基础上,进而提出一些新的见解。     

走向模型论的模态逻辑

增加特定的基数量词,扩张一阶语言,就可以导致实质性地增强语言的表达能力,这样许多超出一阶逻辑范围的数学概念就能得到处理。由于在模型的层次上基本模态逻辑可以看作一阶逻辑的互模拟不变片断,显然它不能处理这些数学概念。因此,增加说明后继状态类上基数概念的模态词,原则上我们就能以模态的方式处理所有基数。我们把讨论各种模型论逻辑的方式转移到模态方面。     

论健康伦理学及其基本理论架构——“九大理论”视野中的健康伦理

当代医学道德发展的走向理应是健康道德,后医学伦理学时代理应是健康伦理学。建设健康伦理学需要搭成一个基本理论架构。其组成至少应该有“九大理论”,即生命神圣论、生命质量论、生命价值论,医学人本论、医学功利论、医学公正论,医者美德论、医者义务(患者权利)论、医患和谐论。其间,按顺序由每三论构成一个“统一论”,将第一个“统一论”作为立论前提,将第二个“统一论”作为直接依据,将第三个“统一论”作为应用指南,如此,才能由三个“统一论”共同地更好地阐释全部健康伦理学问题。     

论健康伦理学及其基本理论架构--"九大理论"视野中的健康伦理

当代医学道德发展的走向理应是健康道德,后医学伦理学时代理应是健康伦理学.建设健康伦理学需要搭成一个基本理论架构.其组成至少应该有"九大理论",即生命神圣论、生命质量论、生命价值论,医学人本论、医学功利论、医学公正论,医者美德论、医者义务(患者权利)论、医患和谐论.其间,按顺序由每三论构成一个"统一论",将第一个"统一论"作为立论前提,将第二个"统一论"作为直接依据,将第三个"统一论"作为应用指南,如此,才能由三个"统一论"共同地更好地阐释全部健康伦理学问题.     

欧洲妇女健康战略行动计划及启示

妇女健康一直是国际和欧洲组织的优先关注领域。为进一步改善欧洲妇女的健康状况,世界卫生组织欧洲区办事处组织编制了《欧洲妇女健康战略行动计划》。简要介绍了该战略行动计划的制定背景及主要内容,并总结其特点,为我国制定妇女健康战略行动计划提供一些启示。     

Examination of the Salutogenic Model,Support Resources,Coping Style,and Stressors Among Israeli University Students

The author investigated A. Antonovsky's (1979) concept of the sense of coherence (SOC) in relation to social support, coping styles, and the stress experiences of college students. A multivariate model was used to assess the relationships between the psychosocial resources, perceived stress, and the effect of different coping styles among 261 undergraduate students in three Israeli institutions of higher education. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance revealed that younger students used more emotional strategies and perceived having greater social support from friends than did older students. Students who did not work reported experiencing higher levels of stress associated with daily life and work-related issues. Women used more emotional and avoidance coping strategies. The findings of the regression analysis demonstrated that task-oriented and emotional coping modes, work stress, and family support explained 30% of the variance of SOC. These results increase our understanding of the salutogenic model of students within university settings and suggest focusing on the students and their interaction with the environment, using the concepts of stress, coping, and social support as inseparable characteristics of systems models.     

School context and health in adolescence: The role of sense of coherence

The aim of this study was to examine the role of school variables and sense of coherence (SOC) in the explanation of health. For this purpose, data were collected from a representative sample of adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years, selected for the Health Behavior in School‐aged Children survey in Spain. Using Structural Equation Modelling, three nested models were tested that represented different hypothesized models of the relationships among school factors, SOC and health. According to goodness‐of‐fit indices, in the best model, school‐related stress and SOC mediated the influence of support from classmates and teachers on health, and SOC had a direct effect on stress. The results supported the idea that a supportive school climate and SOC are relevant to adolescents' health. Furthermore, SOC was the most influential variable; apart from its direct positive effect on health, SOC seemed to condition the degree to which students perceived school demands to be stressful. Specifically, students with a high SOC were less likely to suffer from high levels of school‐related stress.     

Relationships,health, and stress: Validation of a relationship sense of coherence measure

Although all romantic relationships experience stress, some thrive when faced with adversity while others are unable to manage the inevitable relationship ups and downs. Rather than seeing stress as a risk factor, this study applied a Salutogenic framework, which posits that stress is a naturally occurring and potentially beneficial part of relationships, to develop a new measure of relationship health and well‐being. In Study 1, we created and tested a self‐report Relationship Sense of Coherence (RSOC) scale. Study 2 demonstrated evidence of convergent reliability for the RSOC. In Study 3, we tested the RSOC in a two‐wave sample of romantically‐involved individuals with a chronic health condition. Guidelines for use and implications for future research are discussed.     

社区卫生服务的“管理模式”与“治理模式”比较

依据社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方之间的权力关系,社区卫生服务模式可以划分为管理模式和治理模式。在管理模式中,社区卫生服务提供方与消费方之间是建立在行政和技术权威基础上的管理与被管理关系。在治理模式中,社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方则是建立在沟通基础上的合作关系。我国社区卫生服务模式的发展趋势是从管理向治理的转变。     

社区卫生服务的“管理模式”与“治理模式”比较

依据社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方之间的权力关系,社区卫生服务模式可以划分为管理模式和治理模式。在管理模式中,社区卫生服务提供方与消费方之间是建立在行政和技术权威基础上的管理与被管理关系。在治理模式中,社区卫生服务的提供方与消费方则是建立在沟通基础上的合作关系。我国社区卫生服务模式的发展趋势是从管理向治理的转变。     

儿童舒缓疗护整合模式的介绍及启示

基于文献分析的方法,梳理儿童舒缓疗护整合模式的发展历程,重点介绍儿童舒缓疗护整合模式中的儿科舒缓疗护服务理念、服务团队、服务内容、工作模式,探讨其对我国临床实践的启示。在深入分析我国儿童舒缓疗护开展的不足之处的基础上,未来我国相关临床实践可借鉴儿童舒缓疗护整合模式,通过宣传儿童舒缓疗护理念,提升儿童舒缓疗护的服务质量,建设儿童舒缓疗护服务支持体系,深入推动我国儿童舒缓疗护的发展。

     

Do Personal Dispositions Affect the Relationship Between Psychosocial Working Conditions and Workplace Bullying?

There is scarce research on the interaction between psychosocial working conditions and being a target of workplace bullying with individual characteristics as a moderator. We therefore examined 3,363 employees from 60 Danish workplaces to test whether sense of coherence moderates the relationship between the job demand-control model and bullying. This work is exploratory in nature, as no previous study to assess this moderation was found. Hierarchical linear regressions showed that demand-control model was significantly associated with bullying. Sense of coherence displayed a significant though practically negligible moderating effect. This suggests that negative psychosocial working conditions are associated with bullying independently of personal characteristics, at least in terms of sense of coherence.     

The Experience of Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth in Mental Health Workers

In order to add to the body of research that examines the phenomenon of vicarious posttraumatic growth, this study sought to illuminate the lived experiences of mental health professionals who work on a day-to-day basis with multiply traumatized children and adolescents and, as a result, experience measurably high levels of vicarious trauma and compassion satisfaction. The findings from this qualitative study support positive vicarious experiences derived from trauma work and expose the pathologically focused nature of the profession.     

Promoting adolescent sense of coherence: Testing models of risk,protection, and resiliency

Sense of coherence (SOC) is a dispositional trait that has been linked to well‐being in a broad range of populations and contexts. Little is known, however, about the factors associated with SOC development and maintenance across the lifespan. Conceptualized as a condition of resiliency, SOC in adolescents was explored via measures of risk and protection as reported on by 8th and 10th grade students (N = 1619). Employing cumulative indexes of protection and risk, analyses focused on testing four models of resiliency. Further, the relative and cumulative effects of protection and risk were explored across ecological domains. Analyses revealed support for the compensatory model of resiliency for males and females, while the challenge model also was supported for females. Analyses also revealed that protection and risk influencing SOC emerge at multiple domains for males and females. In addition, protective factors present at multiple domains were related to higher SOC while risk factors present at multiple domains were related to lower SOC regardless of gender. Results suggest a resiliency framework that considers multiple ecological domains is useful for understanding SOC in adolescents. Implications for additional research are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.