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1.
健康行动过程取向(HAPA)模型的提出源于健康行为社会认知模型的发展和Bandura社会认知理论的应用。在HAPA中, 健康行为变化被视为一个包括行为产生、保持和恢复在内的连续过程; 结果预期、危险感知、三种自我效能感和两类计划被用来解释意图的形成及其向行动的转化; 两个阶段的划分有助于区分三类干预对象, 建议实施菜单式干预。HAPA模型具有明显的理论优势, 也引发了有关模型实质的争论。当前和未来的研究旨在考察更多的自我调节变量、检验因果模型, 在健康行为的多个领域开展应用和干预研究。 相似文献
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成都市第十一幼儿园创建于1921年,是武侯区教育局直属的,拥有国家级“双语课题实验园”的一所公办一级园.幼儿园曾先后获得“成都市一级幼儿园”、“成都市学前教育工作先进单位”、“武侯区教育督导表彰单位”、全国教育科学“十五”规划教育部重点课题“学前双语教育师资培训研究”优秀实验幼儿园、全国学前教育研究学会“十一五”课题“婴儿家庭游戏材料的利用与指导策略研究”实验幼儿园、第四届星星火炬双美杯少儿英语风采展示团体赛特等奖等众多荣誉称号.同时,幼儿园也培养出省优秀教师,市青年优秀教师、教坛新秀,区特级园长、优秀园长、优秀教育工作者等一支优秀的教师队伍. 相似文献
3.
孙福川 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(19):32-36
当代医学道德发展的走向理应是健康道德,后医学伦理学时代理应是健康伦理学.建设健康伦理学需要搭成一个基本理论架构.其组成至少应该有九大理论,即生命神圣论、生命质量论、生命价值论,医学人本论、医学功利论、医学公正论,医者美德论、医者义务(患者权利)论、医患和谐论.其间,按顺序由每三论构成一个统一论,将第一个统一论作为立论前提,将第二个统一论作为直接依据,将第三个统一论作为应用指南,如此,才能由三个统一论共同地更好地阐释全部健康伦理学问题. 相似文献
4.
HAPA是健康行为领域研究的新取向.认为改变健康行为需要两个分离的过程:动机和意志.首先,基于自我信念的基础上形成改变的意图;随意,行为改变才会被计划、引发并维持.HAPA认为,动机阶段引起行为意图,而意志阶段则产生实际行为.以自我效能为代表的社会认知因素在两个阶段起重要作用,对于健康行为的采纳、引发和维持的产生重要的预测作用. 相似文献
5.
HAPA是健康行为领域研究的新取向。认为改变健康行为需要两个分离的过程:动机和意志。首先,基于自我信念的基础上形成改变的意图;随意,行为改变才会被计划、引发并维持。HAPA认为,动机阶段引起行为意图,而意志阶段则产生实际行为。以自我效能为代表的社会认知因素在两个阶段起重要作用,对于健康行为的采纳、引发和维持的产生重要的预测作用。 相似文献
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对内隐人格理论的实体论-渐变论维度的研究是近年来社会认知研究的一个新趋势。研究发现,人们对人的特性(如智力、品德和人格特征等)的内隐认知理论,制约调节着他们对人的行为的理解和反应。人们持有的不同内隐人格理论导致他们不同的社会认知模式和行为反应方式。实体论者由于认为人的特性是固定不变的,而倾向于用抽象概括化的和静态的内在特质来理解人的行为;而渐变论者由于认为人的特性是动态可塑的,而倾向于用影响心理动态过程的内外具体调节因素来理解人的行为。作者在综述有关研究的基础上,进而提出一些新的见解。 相似文献
8.
孙福川 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,(11)
当代医学道德发展的走向理应是健康道德,后医学伦理学时代理应是健康伦理学。建设健康伦理学需要搭成一个基本理论架构。其组成至少应该有“九大理论”,即生命神圣论、生命质量论、生命价值论,医学人本论、医学功利论、医学公正论,医者美德论、医者义务(患者权利)论、医患和谐论。其间,按顺序由每三论构成一个“统一论”,将第一个“统一论”作为立论前提,将第二个“统一论”作为直接依据,将第三个“统一论”作为应用指南,如此,才能由三个“统一论”共同地更好地阐释全部健康伦理学问题。 相似文献
9.
增加特定的基数量词,扩张一阶语言,就可以导致实质性地增强语言的表达能力,这样许多超出一阶逻辑范围的数学概念就能得到处理。由于在模型的层次上基本模态逻辑可以看作一阶逻辑的互模拟不变片断,显然它不能处理这些数学概念。因此,增加说明后继状态类上基数概念的模态词,原则上我们就能以模态的方式处理所有基数。我们把讨论各种模型论逻辑的方式转移到模态方面。 相似文献
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妇女健康一直是国际和欧洲组织的优先关注领域。为进一步改善欧洲妇女的健康状况,世界卫生组织欧洲区办事处组织编制了《欧洲妇女健康战略行动计划》。简要介绍了该战略行动计划的制定背景及主要内容,并总结其特点,为我国制定妇女健康战略行动计划提供一些启示。 相似文献
11.
The aim of this study was to examine the role of school variables and sense of coherence (SOC) in the explanation of health. For this purpose, data were collected from a representative sample of adolescents, aged 13 to 18 years, selected for the Health Behavior in School‐aged Children survey in Spain. Using Structural Equation Modelling, three nested models were tested that represented different hypothesized models of the relationships among school factors, SOC and health. According to goodness‐of‐fit indices, in the best model, school‐related stress and SOC mediated the influence of support from classmates and teachers on health, and SOC had a direct effect on stress. The results supported the idea that a supportive school climate and SOC are relevant to adolescents' health. Furthermore, SOC was the most influential variable; apart from its direct positive effect on health, SOC seemed to condition the degree to which students perceived school demands to be stressful. Specifically, students with a high SOC were less likely to suffer from high levels of school‐related stress. 相似文献
12.
Bret A. Davis M. Rosie Shrout William P. Evans Daniel J. Weigel 《Personal Relationships》2021,28(1):99-120
Although all romantic relationships experience stress, some thrive when faced with adversity while others are unable to manage the inevitable relationship ups and downs. Rather than seeing stress as a risk factor, this study applied a Salutogenic framework, which posits that stress is a naturally occurring and potentially beneficial part of relationships, to develop a new measure of relationship health and well‐being. In Study 1, we created and tested a self‐report Relationship Sense of Coherence (RSOC) scale. Study 2 demonstrated evidence of convergent reliability for the RSOC. In Study 3, we tested the RSOC in a two‐wave sample of romantically‐involved individuals with a chronic health condition. Guidelines for use and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Laura Francioli Annie Høgh Paul Maurice Conway Giovanni Costa Robert Karasek Åse Marie Hansen 《Ethics & behavior》2016,26(6):451-469
There is scarce research on the interaction between psychosocial working conditions and being a target of workplace bullying with individual characteristics as a moderator. We therefore examined 3,363 employees from 60 Danish workplaces to test whether sense of coherence moderates the relationship between the job demand-control model and bullying. This work is exploratory in nature, as no previous study to assess this moderation was found. Hierarchical linear regressions showed that demand-control model was significantly associated with bullying. Sense of coherence displayed a significant though practically negligible moderating effect. This suggests that negative psychosocial working conditions are associated with bullying independently of personal characteristics, at least in terms of sense of coherence. 相似文献
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William Paul Evans Shawn C. Marsh Daniel J. Weigel 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(1):30-43
Sense of coherence (SOC) is a dispositional trait that has been linked to well‐being in a broad range of populations and contexts. Little is known, however, about the factors associated with SOC development and maintenance across the lifespan. Conceptualized as a condition of resiliency, SOC in adolescents was explored via measures of risk and protection as reported on by 8th and 10th grade students (N = 1619). Employing cumulative indexes of protection and risk, analyses focused on testing four models of resiliency. Further, the relative and cumulative effects of protection and risk were explored across ecological domains. Analyses revealed support for the compensatory model of resiliency for males and females, while the challenge model also was supported for females. Analyses also revealed that protection and risk influencing SOC emerge at multiple domains for males and females. In addition, protective factors present at multiple domains were related to higher SOC while risk factors present at multiple domains were related to lower SOC regardless of gender. Results suggest a resiliency framework that considers multiple ecological domains is useful for understanding SOC in adolescents. Implications for additional research are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
《The journal of positive psychology》2013,8(4):212-225
Forty-five Holocaust survivors and a comparison group of 21 Jews who had not experienced Nazi persecution completed questionnaires assessing salutogenic (health-enhancing) and pathogenic (illness-inducing) outcomes of Holocaust vs. other traumatic experiences. Salutogenesis and pathogenesis were negatively correlated. Holocaust survivors were consistently higher on the measure of salutogenesis; with marital history held constant, this difference was statistically significant. Neither group reported high incidences of posttraumatic stress symptoms, although survivors reported more. Talking about one's Holocaust experiences was related to more positive and fewer negative responses. Marital history and religious observance mediated some aspects of both positive and negative long-term consequences. The results indicate that the long-term consequences of even extreme trauma may include increased personal strength and growth. 相似文献
17.
青少年心理一致感水平及其与应付方式的关系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究以265名高中生为被试,探讨青少年心理一致感发展的特点以及与应付方式的关系。研究结果表明,(1)被试在心理一致感发展水平上存在显著的年级差异;(2)三个年级被试的应付方式存在显著的差异;(3)被试心理一致感水平与问题解决、求助两种应付方式存在显著的正相关;(4)被试心理一致感水平与自责、幻想、退避、合理化四种应付方式存在显著的负相关。高心理一致感个体在压力调节上倾向于采用成熟而积极的应付方式。本研究从压力应对的过程角度分析心理一致感与应付方式之间的关系。 相似文献
18.
武惠庭 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2003,24(8):14-17
对传染性疾病的阻击和防治,除了依赖医学自身的发展外,它同样需要得到其他诸学科的支持与配合。从公共卫生伦理学的角度,分析和认识当前对SARS阻击和防治过程中存在的问题,并提出和倡导在全社会重视健康道德观教育。 相似文献
19.
该研究采用不同加工任务的间接测量方法,探讨不同心理一致感水平初中生对压力的外显认知倾向和内隐态度激活程度。结果表明:1)初中生较为稳定的积极认识和反应倾向在他们关于压力的外显认知加工中起了更为显著的作用;2)不同加工方式的虚惊率差异表明存在着初中生对压力情境的内隐态度,且这种无意识认知较为消极。 相似文献
20.
D. Germano R. Misajon R. A. Cummins 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(4):253-261
This study investigated the physical and psychological impact of arthritis on people's quality of life. A range of variables were examined in a sample of 375 participants who comprised three groups: people with arthritis receiving a support-based service from the Arthritis Foundation of Victoria, people with arthritis receiving standard treatment, and a group of people from the general population. The results revealed that the two arthritis groups reported a significantly higher level of functional impairment, pain, and negative affectivity, and lowered mood, positive affect, and Sense of Coherence, compared to the general population group. They also reported normal levels of importance, but lower levels of satisfaction on various life domains. After statistically controlling for pain however, group differences were eliminated on all variables except for functional impairment and for all satisfaction domains except health. These data are interpreted as evidence that the combination of low domain satisfaction coupled with high domain importance yields a negative psychological state. This, then suggests the possibility of a therapy based on reducing the perceived importance of health. 相似文献