受艾滋病影响儿童的歧视知觉在歧视经历和心理健康之间的作用分析

本研究旨在考察中国农村地区受艾滋病影响儿童(包括双孤儿童、单孤儿童和非孤儿童)在经历了父母感染艾滋病、父母因为艾滋病丧亡后的歧视经历和歧视知觉状况,及其对心理健康的影响.采用问卷调查了1221名被试,测查了他们的歧视经历、歧视知觉、心理健康(抑郁、孤独、自尊).经过数据分析发现:(1)歧视经历和歧视知觉存在显著的年龄段和儿童类别的差异,12岁及以下的儿童得分显著高于13岁及以上的,双孤儿童得分显著高于单孤儿童和非孤儿童;抑郁、孤独和自尊存在显著的儿童类别差异,双孤儿童、单孤儿童差于非孤儿童;且孤独和自尊还存在显著的年龄段差异,12岁以下的儿童差于13岁以上的;(2)不同歧视经历和歧视知觉的儿童在抑郁、孤独和自尊上存在显著差异,均是歧视经历、歧视知觉多的儿童抑郁和孤独严重、自尊低;(3)歧视经历对抑郁、孤独和自尊都有显著的预测作用,歧视知觉在其中起到了部分中介作用.     

基层医务人员院外实施心肺复苏的意愿及障碍因素的质性研究

为了解基层医务人员院外实施心肺复苏(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)的意愿及其障碍因素,探讨消除障碍因素的途径,以提高院外心肺复苏实施率。采用目的抽样法对14名基层医务人员进行深度访谈,运用内容分析法对资料进行整理、分析。归纳出两大主题,即基层医务人员院外实施CPR的意愿和实施CPR的障碍因素,其中障碍因素包括急救技能不佳、担心疾病传播、社会压力大、相关法律缺乏4个亚主题。基层医务人员在院外实施CPR存在不同程度的顾虑,需尽快制定相关课程的再培训计划和相关政策或法律以提高基层医务人员院外实施CPR的意愿。     

癌症患者照顾者对病情告知偏好质性研究的Meta整合

系统评价有关癌症患者照顾者对于病情告知偏好的质性研究,为构建符合家庭需求的病情告知模式提供依据。系统检索相关中英文文献并进行质量评价,运用Meta整合的方法整合结果。共纳入17篇文献,提取出27个研究结果,归纳为6个类别,形成2个整合结果：照顾者对于是否告知癌症患者病情有不同的做法和考量;照顾者期望个性化、委婉、有助于癌症患者维持希望的病情告知模式。医护人员应全面动态评估照顾者的病情告知偏好和患者意愿,共同商讨符合家庭需求的病情告知策略,帮助他们有效沟通和应对。     

南京地区妇产科医务人员职业倦怠的实证研究

妇产科医务人员是职业倦怠的高发人群,具有较多的人际压力源存在,加上长期的精力耗损,导致其工作绩效和医疗服务质量下降.本研究旨在对妇产科医务人员职业倦怠状况进行实证研究,采用比较研究法和问卷调查法进行调研,分析妇产科医务人员职业倦怠的影响因素,采取有效的应对措施,缓解其职业倦怠状况.     

移动医疗视域下HIV/AIDS患者自我管理体验及需求的质性研究

采用目的抽样选取成都市、绵阳市及西昌市19名HIV/AIDS患者作为研究对象,采用描述性质性研究对研究对象进行半结构式访谈,对访谈结果进行主题分析,共提炼出一级主题5个：（1）患者有基于移动医疗的自我管理需求;（2）基于移动医疗自我管理平台期望载体及形式;（3）基于移动医疗的医疗或行为管理需求;（4）基于移动医疗的角色管理需求;（5）基于移动医疗的情绪管理需求。患者对基于移动医疗的自我管理平台有较高接受度。可设计开发易用性与隐私性强的移动医疗平台,通过提供疾病知识、线上诊疗、疾病监测与心理社会支持等功能,提升患者自我管理能力。     

心理学质性研究：历史、现状和展望

心理学质性研究具有漫长的过去,却只有短暂的历史。心理学自诞生起就具有质性研究传统,但被主流所忽视。从组织机构、出版渠道和研究成果方面看,当前国内外心理学质性研究的发展态势暗示质性研究传统正在回归到主流当中。尽管仍存在误解和急功近利等众多问题和困难需要克服,但是心理学质性研究方法在研究复杂心理现象和产生新的概念、新的理论方面展现了潜力。心理学质性研究的复兴正使心理学处于一个多元化转向的阶段。     

护理学专业学位硕士研究生临床实践体验研究

采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对来自全国各地10所院校的12名护理学专业学位研究生进行半结构式深度访谈。通过对录音访谈内容进行三级编码,逐步归纳提炼出三个主题,每个主题下涵盖不同的副主题：（1）临床实践获益感方面：提升核心能力、体现自身价值;（2）心理体验：归属感、失落感;（3）影响临床实践效果的瓶颈因素：缺乏明确的临床能力考评标准、临床带教师资队伍薄弱。因此,教育者和管理者应重视专业学位硕士研究生,晦床核心能力培养,构建一个充满人文关怀的临床实习环境,消除瓶颈因素,以提高其临床实践效果。     

中国丧亲个体社会支持体验的质性研究

本研究通过对28位丧亲者进行深度访谈,使用解释现象学分析法对质性数据进行分析,探索中国丧亲个体的社会支持体验。结果显示,丧亲社会支持的内容包括后事处理、情感支持、生活恢复帮助,经济与物资支持等。支持来源除家人和朋友之外,还包括同事、相同经历者,以及相关机构等。社会支持通过调节情绪、改变认知等方式促进个体对丧亲的适应。本研究结果为最新丧亲社会支持模型提供了支持,同时也反映出中国社会对丧亲人群的社会支持特色。     

躯体化症状患者求医体验的质性研究

探索躯体化症状患者的病症感知及其求医过程体验、疾病相关的认知及态度的变化。应用半结构式深入访谈法,访谈12名躯体化症状为主诉的临床心理科患者;并对访谈资料进行录音、转录。转录资料依据诠释现象学分析法进行分析。结果归纳出躯体化症状患者求医体验的三个核心主题:与症状引发的困惑,症状对当下生活的影响,及曲折的诊疗经历。研究提示躯体化症状患者的病症体验具有\"具身\"属性,专业人员在干预中应关注其自我解释系统,提高患者的确定感及自主性。     

艾滋病羞辱和歧视的概念及研究工具发展状况

艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视量表的研制是对其进行评价和采取有效干预措施的先决条件。阐述了艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视的定义和分类,重点介绍和分析了目前应用较广泛的艾滋病羞辱和歧视量表,并指出这些量表主要由发达国家研制,缺少适合中国文化背景的量表;对艾滋病高危人群所经历的双重羞辱和歧视,全世界还没有相应的测量工具。研制和修订适合中国文化背景的艾滋病羞辱和歧视量表是该研究领域亟待解决的难题     

Young Children's Reactions to Mothers’ Disclosure of Maternal HIV+ Serostatus

Little is known about the impact of maternal disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus on young children. The objective of this study was to explore this topic, utilizing in-depth qualitative interviews. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 47 mothers who had disclosed to their young, well child, and with the children. The most prevalent child response was anxiety, primarily focused on the mother's health and fear of her death. A number of children also worried about other people finding out, and seemed aware of the stigma surrounding HIV. For most children anxiety decreased over time, although for a small number it sustained and became maladaptive. The majority of children appeared to adjust well to maternal disclosure. Mothers who are planning to disclose their serostatus to their young children should be encouraged to plan for appropriate psychosocial follow-up following the disclosure, with special focus on the stigma associated with HIV.     

“Whenever Jack sees a condom,he falls asleep”: experiences of condom use and erectile disorder among HIV positive men in a Zimbabwean rural setting

In this qualitative inquiry, we set out to explore the experience of condom use and erectile disorder (ED) among men living with HIV in a rural district of Zimbabwe. Data on condom use related erectile disorder with antiretroviral (ART) medication were collected from a purposive sample of 18 men living with HIV and AIDS (age range 23–54 years). These data were supplemented with those from a convenience sample of 23 women living with HIV who self-identified as partners of men living with HIV and AIDS (age range 26–37 years). The data were thematically analyzed. Results suggest that men attributed their experiencing of erectile problems to two main explanations: use of condoms and ART medication. These men reported inconsistent use of condoms and/or adherance to ART therapy due to a belief that these cause their ED. The women informants reported similar observations, including the shared gendered perspective that the men perceived a loss of sense of manhood from ED. Beliefs that influence health promotion with men living with HIV and AIDS are important to public health interventions with them.     

Attachment,Social Support,Resilience and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Chinese Adults Living with HIV/AIDS

The present study aimed to examine the effects of attachment, social support and resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. One hundred fifty-two HIV+ adults in China were investigated. The results suggested that attachment anxiety had a significant direct effect on PTSD symptoms and impacted PTSD symptoms indirectly though associations with social support and resilience. Attachment avoidance could also be considered a distal risk factor of PTSD symptoms via the mediation of social support and resilience. The findings highlight the importance of identifying trauma and PTSD symptoms in people affected by HIV/AIDS and suggest that people with attachment anxiety and low social support resources might be at high risk for PTSD.     

Healing Together

As part of the World Council of Churches’ pilgrimage of justice and peace, the Just Community of Wo/Men organized the “Walking Her-Story” activity as a gender response. These have remained pilgrim team visits that focus on listening to the stories of wo/men young and old and particularly addressing gender injustice specifically as expressed in sexual and gender-based violence. This article focuses on the process triggered by such stories in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, and South Sudan that became the midwife that gave birth to Healing Together – an ecumenical resource for faith- and community-based counselling of those psychosocially wounded by injustice and violence. Rooted in the understanding of mission as healing and wholeness, the stories listened to became a cry for healing and wholeness. The process and product benefited from the richness of my being an ethicist of care nurtured by my ubuntu (communitarian) ethical background, trained in Healing of Memories’ facilitation and as a student of Franklian logotherapy. I worked with survivors of injustice and violence, post-traumatic stress disorder healing facilitators, and church leaders through the council of churches in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan.     

Factors Influencing Occupational Competence in Schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective: To explore and compare the perception of productive activities (studies, work) held by young adults with schizophrenia and their therapists.

Method: An exploratory qualitative study was carried out using the Model of Competence (Rousseau, 2003). Nine client-therapist dyads were recruited. Data collected were transcribed, coded, and processed with QSR.N'VIVO (2002).

Results: Therapists and clients agree about the personal characteristics (e.g., motivation, coping) and activities (e.g., prior work or study experiences) that have positive (e.g., social skills) or negative influence (e.g., symptoms of schizophrenia) on competence in productive activities. Their perceptions differ about the environmental characteristics that influence competence: some elements are mentioned only by clients (e.g., work environment) or therapists (e.g., using community resources).

Conclusion: The framework offered by a specialized clinic can promote exchanges and the congruence of perceptions between therapists and clients. Interventions focusing on the environment should be further developed in relation to productive activities.