中国逻辑史的五个问题(英文)

This journal issue does not stand on its own. A number of projects are under way that aim at bringing together scholars in the history of Chinese logic and working logicians interested in learning more about this fascinating alternative tradition.One such project is a forthcoming book called Five Questions on History of Chinese Logic,     

英文摘要

The Establishment of Ethnic Religious Studies,Transformation of Religions in a ＂Global Society＂ Perspective： The ＂Big Problem＂ in Sociology of Religion,Revealing the Great Affinities between Buddhism and Chinese Literature,Respect for the Cultural Choice of ＂the Land＂     

Knowledge,Presupposition, and Pragmatic Implicature

It is widely accepted that knowledge is factive, but two different understandings of ＂factivity＂ should be distinguished, namely, the implication version and the presupposition version. While the former only takes the truth of P as a necessary requirement for ＂S knows that P,＂ the latter considers it also necessary for ＂S does not know that P.＂ In this paper, I argue against presupposition and defend implication. More specifically, I argue against Wang and Tai＇s defense of the presupposition version as presented in a recent paper and propose a pragmatic response to the ＂persistence problem＂ of implication. In other words, my positive proposal is an account of implication plus pragmatic implicature. To conclude, I use my version to analyze Wang and Tai＇s distinction between inner skepticism and outer skepticism. My conclusion is that, after abandoning presupposition, we can identify two types of intermediate skepticism between Wang and Tai＇s inner and outer skepticism.     

Conceiving Possibility： Kierkegaard and Zhuangzi

This paper examines two notions of possibility conceived by Kierkegaard and Zhuangzi respectively. Kierkegaard conceives of it with appeals to the feeling of anxiety, while Zhuangzi deals with it in terms of a type of aesthetic feeling. Based on these distinctions, the paper goes further to explore two types of human existence as fostered by these two corresponding concepts of possibility. According to Kierkegaard, in order to maintain a connection with possibility, which would provide freedom to human existence, one must have faith in the redeemer bringing back possibility so that an individual human being might renew his or her choice ceaselessly. Zhuangzi, on the other hand, advises staying in the realm of nothingness and letting go of all things to avoid being trapped by the struggle of discerning between good and evil.     

政府改革之历史足迹与成长逻辑——基于历史坐标中的两种信任理论之考量

公共行政学自其诞生以来的百余年间,对于政府本身的定位经过了多次变化。我国行政伦理学家张康之教授从历史的宏观视野对政府的历史坐标进行了深入考察,提出了统治型政府、管理型政府和服务型政府的划分,与此相对应地提出了习俗型信任、契约型信任和合作型信任三种信任类型,为考察政府改革的历史足迹与成长逻辑提供了一种新的分析框架。公共行政学视域下的政府改革理论,从一开始就蕴含着市场运作逻辑和企业管理思想,20世纪六七十年代开始的新公共管理改革运动则将公共行政学的这一传统发挥到了极致。市场化政府改革将市场逻辑和经济人思维带进了政府,形成了一种基于契约化之上的管理型政府模式。基于理性而建立起来的契约型信任本身的脆弱性,决定了政府市场化改革的危机结果。非政府组织的出现以及新市民社会的成长,意味着一种网络式的社会治理和通过广泛的合作而进行的合作治理模式的到来。信任是合作的前提,合作治理模式的建构必须以合作型信任的建立为基础。未来的政府改革应该适应后工业社会的发展趋势,从基于契约型信任的市场化取向中解放出来,迈向多元治理主体本着公平参与、充满合作型信任以及基于善的完美生活追求的合作型治理模式。     

The Logic of the History of Ideas

Book Information The Logic of the History of Ideas. By Mark Bevir. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1999. Pp. xii + 337. Hardback, $120.80.     

中国当代归纳逻辑研究概况

我国归纳逻辑的研究始于20世纪初,但直到20世纪80年代初西方现代归纳逻辑传入国内之后,才开启了我国当代归纳逻辑研究的新时代。在这近三十年的研究中,广大归纳逻辑学者围绕着形式与非形式、概率与因果、巴斯卡概率与非巴斯卡概率这些核心问题进行了广泛而深入的探讨,取得了丰硕的成果;此外,在应用研究和逻辑哲学问题研究方面也取得了重要的进展;与此同时,我国学者还积极开展了国际交流与合作,并取得了一定的成绩。     

The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in Philosophical Logic

Book Information The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in Philosophical Logic. By Gerhard Schurz. Kluwer. Dordrecht. 1997. Pp. x + 332. £92.25.     

The transcendentals in the middle ages: An introduction

Although most predicates may be truthfully predicated of only some beings, there are others that seem to apply to every being. The latter, including being itself, were known as the transcendentals in the Middle Ages and gave rise to the much disputed doctrine of the transcendentals. This article explores the main tenets of the doctrine and the difficulties that they face, the reasons why scholastic authors were interested in these issues, and the origins of the doctrine.I am grateful to Jan Aertsen, Kenneth Barber, Michael Gorman, and Scott MacDonald for their suggestions concerning this paper.     

The theory of abstract partials: An introduction

It is customary in multivariate analysis to search out relational structure by partitioning measures of total variation or overall relatedness into components variously attributable to different sources. Although the multivariate systems most familiar today—notably, linear correlational analysis, analysis of variance, and Information theory—base their decompositions upon very different substantive quantities, they all embody the very same abstract mathematical structure which, moreover, is capable of generating potentially fruitful patterns of data analysis in many other substantive applications as well.     

政府副职的分管逻辑:中国大城市副市长的实证研究

领导分工负责制是中国政府管理中非常重要的领导体制,但是关于分管领导的研究却很少见。本文以全国33个大城市的236位副市长为研究对象,探究政府副职分管的部门在数量和职能方面的分布特征。研究发现,每位副市长平均分管8.22个部门,承担4.07项职能,且不同副市长之间的差异较大。副市长是否是市委常委、政治排序和任期等因素会对其分管部门的数量和职能产生显著影响,而性别、年龄等变量的影响并不显著。与此同时,副职领导的职业背景与其所分管部门的职能匹配程度较低。综合性较强的部门多被放在一起分管,而专业性较强的部门会被单独分管。本研究揭示了市级政府副职领导的分管逻辑,为改革和优化分管型副职领导体制提供了经验依据。     

The use of statistics in criminal cases: An introduction

Statistics are increasingly playing a crucial role in criminal cases. As the articles in this Special Issue illustrate, they can form the principal basis for expert testimony (e.g., with respect to risk assessments), heavily influence decisions about policy (e.g., constitutional doctrine governing police stop‐and‐frisk practices), and help courts evaluate the admissibility of expert testimony (e.g., via proficiency testing). Unfortunately, courts have not always been up to the task of analyzing the value of statistical analysis. In the course of introducing the articles in this issue, this article provides some examples of how statistical information can be misconstrued and suggests several reasons why judges may be reluctant to engage with such information.