《太玄》的筮法和天道观略论

<太玄>是西汉社会天人感应思想影响下的一个学术产物,也是继孟喜、京房易学之后推阐天道的又一数术工具.扬雄创作<太玄>,既是一次对<周易>经传的模拟与改造,也是对易卦筮法的一次再创造.<太玄>筮法的出现,是对先秦西汉数术之学、尤其是对象数易学的一次大整合;扬雄以"玄"为宁宙本体的天道观,正是在对筮法进行重新构建的基础上建立起来的.     

从数字卦和卦象看《周易》的成书

<周易>的"象"有悠久的历史,其源头可追溯到上古文献<三坟>.卜筮在商朝时已成熟,早在商朝时就有官方易学和民间易学之分,所谓组成数字卦的数字应该是符号而不是筮数,在<周易>之前有<商易>,<商易>是商代巫咸结合远古文化与筮数而成.在商周时期有官方<易>和民间<易>,<周易>是对商代官方易学<商易>亦即<坤乾>的损益.从各种文献看,今传本<周易>的成书是比较晚的,<周易>形成后有很多不同的传本,亦有义理<周易>和卜筮<周易>之分.     

从《周易参同契》看易学在道教中的传播与影响

<周易参同契>作为道教易学的重要代表作,其最重要的特色是会归"大易"、"黄老"和"炉火"三家之理,借<周易>言黄老说炼丹.本文将<周易参同契>置于汉代易学的背景下,从黄老道家哲学与道教仙学的发展中,来探讨<周易参同契>如何托<周易>卦爻象为象征符号来隐喻金丹道之内涵,以展示易学在道教中的传播与影响.     

《井》卦辨义

<周易>之"井"卦,<周易>作者乃取日常汲水之象而设卦,令人睹井水之利养于人,而思济人利物,广施德泽.由此,以井喻人,即修井是反身修德,井水养人是以德育人.尤其经<易传>的诠释和阐发,"井"卦成为人生德性修养、安身立命的重要内容之一.本文考察、辨析了历代注家关于"井"卦之释义,并结合出土文献的最新研究成果,重新诠释了"井"卦所含蕴的人文价值.     

综参古《易》:《太玄》的易学渊源

沿着班固"经莫大于《易》,故作《太玄》"的思路,后人就会寻求《太玄》与《周易》的对应关系,结果却发现二者有诸多不合。以此回溯汉代《易》经存在的实际情况:三《易》并存、《周易》尚未定型,说明《太玄》不仅仅是模仿《周易》,而是综合参照了当时存在的古《易》。本文通过分析《太玄》与《连山》、《河图》、《洛书》的具体关系,揭示《说卦》是《太玄》与古《易》联结的纽带,明晰三《易》发展的实际线索。     

论《易传》的象数、义理合一模式与天人合一的理论架构

<易传>是现存系统解释<周易>古经的最早典籍,对后世历代学人诠解<周易>产生了深远的影响.由于<周易>古经由卦爻符号和卦爻辞组成,卦爻符号与卦爻辞之间的关系便成为后世<周易>研究的关键问题.在<易传>作者看来,<周易>的卦爻辞是由圣人"观象"而来,圣人通过"观象系辞"来揭示易道.换句话说,<周易>所阐发的义理乃以象数为基础,象数蕴含着义理,义理脱胎于象效,二者如水乳之交融而不可分.而<易传>象数与义理合一的模式是以"三才之道"为其理论架构的.开天道以立人道,法天文以立人文,成为<易传>立论的理论支撑.     

《周易》思想在《推十书》中的作用

<周易>思想在<推十书>中具有终极灵魂的地位.对刘咸炘先生来说,<周易>思想既是粘合剂,又是方法论,在其考镜源流、横中纵观、执两用中、任天圆道,尽心知性、立命事天的学术理念中始终具有领贯性的特殊作用.刘咸炘先生一方面遵循"易简而天下之理得"的原则,另一方面又坚持"理不与数对,事乃与数对",将<周易>视为历史哲学,既抓住了<周易>的要害,又汲取了大量的学术营养;既没有"尊敬太过",又为<推十书>整合中国学术,重振昔日辉煌,推十合一,求简求合,参悟大道,合归天地之大体的学术理想追求寻找到了理想的思想武器.从<推十书>对<周易>的运用,我们可以发现,刘咸炘先生崇奉老子的"太古道"哲学,是经过了<周易>诠释之后的老子,是从根本上去掉了虚无,而兼论有无的老子,刘咸炘先生笔下的老子已经将儒家的仁义包容在道家的"道"之中了,老子的"静为躁君"与儒家的"执两用中"融通为一,然后儒道兼容而同归于大体.这正是<周易>的理论归宿,同时也是<推十书>重要的关节之处.     

论《易经渊旨》与归有光思想的一致——兼论《易经渊旨》的真伪

旧题归有光撰<易经渊旨>与归有光<震川先生集>中最核心的易学思想、政治思想颇为一致.<易经渊旨>认为易图非作<易>之本、对<说卦>的解释不必拘泥于卦位、邵雍易学晦涩难懂,这些观点正是归有光易图论的主要理论环节;<易经渊旨>的仁政观重视上下有亲、反对以势临民,与<震川先生集>之最重要的政治观念相呼应.<易经渊旨>是<周易>文本与归有光思想的精密结合.<石镜山房周易说统>等材料也为<易经渊旨>乃归氏真作提供了佐证.     

《周易》境遇学SWOT分析法论纲

"境遇学"是如何应对境遇的"学问",其着眼点在于提升个体生命的"境界".<周易>是集中体现中国古代"境遇学"的一部代表性著作.<周易·大象传>所预设的境遇是方方面面的,其应对之方也是随宜变化的,其中体现着非凡的道德智慧.但它属于"不占之易",可操作性不强.当代西方的SWOT分析法(又称"态势分析法")从优势、劣势、机会威胁四个方面作企业战略研究与个人生涯规划分析,与<周易>境遇学有很强的互补性.本文尝试将中国古老的"<周易>境遇学"与当代西方"SWOT分析法"相结合,提出<周易>境遇学SWOT分析法".     

尚秉和之"阴阳相须"易理思想辨析

近代易学大师尚秉和先生解易有返归汉学的倾向,着重于象数的阐发,其阴阳相须的"易理"思想,有别于易学史中义理派之"义理".尚先生认为"易理"是存在于<周易>自身的本然之理,"同性相敌,异性相感"的阴阳之理乃"易理"的具体的内涵,进而指出在<周易>经传文中屡次出现的"敌"、"类"、"朋"等概念,正是针对"易理"之中的"同性相敌,异性相感"的阴阳关系而产生的.其中,阳与阳或阴与阴同性相遇为"敌",阴与阳异性相遇则为"类"、为"朋(友)".对比帛书<周易>中的"敌"、"类"、"朋"的相关论述,发现尚氏所谓的反映阴阳关系的"敌"、"类"、"朋"并没有在帛书<周易>中展现出"<周易>根本定例"的特征.尚先生的"易理"虽然讲求阴阳之理,但落实到经文的注解,却成为一种反映<周易>六十四卦阴阳爻位关系的体例,从根本上并没有摆脱象数的内涵.而帛书<易传>对于经文的阐释更注重人文思想的挖掘,即对"义理"的阐发,展现出与尚氏易不同的诠释风格与路数.尚秉和先生提出"易理"的概念虽成一家之言,但考之帛书<易传>,我们仍可发现其"易理"思想中存在的偏颇.     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or "fractal scaling", during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

Disequilibrium in the mind,disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or “fractal scaling”, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

明代伏牛山佛教派系考

历史上对伏牛山地区的佛教记载较散,资料较详的是在明代。当时来山修行的僧人很多,但是到现在为止还没有人对伏牛山的佛教进行过研究,笔者根据掌握的禅宗史料提出这时伏牛山佛教已经有了明显的禅宗派系特征,在这里传教修行的僧人,主要是元代禅宗断桥伦一支的浙江天目山高峰原妙及其弟子中峰明本一系,其中受四川禅宗无际明悟禅师一派的影响很大,早期来山的僧人大多数都是无际明悟的弟子与后人,可以说成立了无际伏牛山禅派一系。     

孕育中的旅游伦理学--近年来西方国家旅游伦理研究述评

旅行和旅游是一项历史悠久的人类活动,旅游活动中的伦理问题的存在也和旅游发展的历史一样久远.二战以后,"大众旅游"经过半个多世纪的高速发展,对自然环境和社会文化的负面影响已经凸显出来,因此,旅游研究便开始关注旅游发展伦理问题;与此同时,应用伦理学研究也开始从不同的角度关注旅游发展这一新领域.